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Electonics 2

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15 views14 pages

Electonics 2

Uploaded by

Johnson Li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electronics 2 –

Ohms Law
Ohms Law

▪ discovered by German physicist, George Ohm


▪ describes the relationship between potential
difference, current, and resistance.
▪ “The strength of the current is directly
proportional to the potential difference and
inversely proportional to the resistance”
▪ To apply Ohms Law you need to assign symbols
for each of the three variables.
▪ R → resistance (Ω – Ohms)
▪ V → potential difference (V - volts)
▪ I → current (A - amperes).
▪ Given any two, the third can be calculated
“The three formulas”

▪ V=IR (base equation) for potential difference


▪ V = IR and V = IR
V V
=R =I
I R
V V
R = I =
I R

for resistance for current


Analogies for Ohm’s Law
Example Problem
▪ Consider the problem shown to the right.
▪ One side is at 0 volts (ground) and the other side is at 5
volts
▪ (measured with a multimeter, black probe on right side, red
probe on left side).
▪ The potential difference between the ends is:
▪ 5V – 0V = 5 volts (V=5)
▪ The resistor between the two points has a value of 500
ohms (R=500Ω).
▪ We know that current flows from a point of high voltage
to a point of low voltage so we can draw an arrow from
the higher voltage to the lower voltage.
Sample problem continued
▪ Find the current flowing through the
resistor
▪

▪ To check your answer, use one of the


other forms of the equation.
Another problem
▪ The voltage on one side is
10 volts and the voltage
on the other side is 3
volts. R1=400Ω
▪ Direction of current?
▪ From 10V to 3V

𝟏𝟎𝑽 − 𝟑𝑽
𝑰=
𝟒𝟎𝟎Ω
What if?
▪ We need a current of 20 mA or 0.02 A.
Point A is at 7 volts and point B is at 2
volts. Find the resistor value needed to
make this circuit work.
The Series Circuit
▪ has connections where two components are connected
by a common leg
▪ Nothing else connects to it
▪ they form a single loop, beginning and ending at the
power supply
Solving the Series Circuit
Finding the total resistance in a series circuit.
▪ If there is more than one resistor present RT = R1 + R2 + R3 +
..RN
▪ The total voltage in the circuit is measured at the applied
source voltage
▪ The voltage drops across the individual resistors are represented
by V1, V2, V3, etc.
▪ The total or source current is represented by the symbol
IT
▪ The current flow through the individual resistors is represented
by I1, I2, I3, etc.
▪ The total power dissipated can be represented by the
symbol PT
▪ the power dissipated by the individual resistors is given by P1,
P2, P3, etc.
▪ Formula: RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + ...
The Series Circuit

0V
0V

If you’ve done this calculation right, the


Voltages MUST total the source voltage
Parallel circuit
▪ A parallel Circuit is when two components are joined together by both legs or
a common point
▪ A parallel circuit is one that has two or more paths for the current to flow.
▪ The loads connect across each other like the rungs of a ladder, with the
same voltage source across each load.
▪ Each load acts independently of the other.
Solving a Parallel Circuit
▪ The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum
of all the branch circuits.
▪ The amount of current drawn by each load is determined by the
resistance value of each load.
▪ The higher the resistance of each load, the lower the amount of
current in each load.
▪ The voltage across each branch is the same and is
equal to the voltage of the source.
▪ The total resistance in a parallel circuit is always lower
than the value of any resistor in a branch of the circuit.
▪ The equivalent circuit in a parallel circuit is governed by
the following equations:
Parallel Circuit continued

0V 0V

If you’ve done all calculations correctly this will


always match your Thevenin calculation!

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