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Types of Machine Learning

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mariagemariagee5
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Types of Machine

Learning and ML
projects’ Lifecycle
Presented by: Pr. Asmae BENTALEB

Année Universitaire 2024-2025


Plan
 What is Machine Learning?

 Types of Machine Learning

 Supervised

 Unsupervised

 Reinforcement learning

 ML project lifecycle
The Definition of Machine Learning
• The field of study that gives computers the ability to learn
without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel).

• The Machine Learning program performed better than


Arthur himself.
Supervised Learning
Supervised Learning

X  Y
input output
Supervised Learning
 The objective : to find the mapping between X and Y, given a certain dataset.

 During the training, the algorithm is given the input X and label Y, so that later, when given a new X, the

model can map it to a new Y.

 Learning a function mapping X to Y.

 It learns from being given the right answer, and by experience.


Supervised Learning (examples of use cases)

Input (X) Output(Y) Application

Phone image Defect(yes/no) Quality control of phones

Image of radar Position of car Auto driven cars

email Spam(0/1) Spam filtering

Voice record text Speech recognition


Supervised Learning: Regression
 Predict a continuous value given

inputs X :

Example: predicting the price of a

house/Car
Supervised Learning: Classification
 Classification is used to predict categories:

(a precised number of outputs, for example A and B)


Supervised Learning:
 It learns from being given the right answer:

 Regression: Predict a number infinitely many possible outputs

 Classification: predict categories small number of possible outputs


Unsupervised Learning
UnSupervised Learning
Find something interesting in unlabeled data.
Data only comes with inputs x, but no output
labels y. Algorithm has to find a structure in the data.

For example: the figure refers to Cluster analysis


(clustering) which organizes unlabelled data points
into groups according to similarity (or dissimilarity).
UnSupervised Learning
It is the concept of using unlabled data,
Given the features X and finding interesting
Structures or patterns in the data.
UnSupervised Learning (example)
Having many people talking, using unsupervised learning,
voices can be separated. Here, we have no labels, and we
are trying to separate the people’s voices that are
overlapping as they were talking at the same time.

The used algorithm is :independent component analysis


UnSupervised Learning (example)
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning overview
Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method, in which a learning agent gets a reward for each
right action and gets a penalty for each wrong action.

The agent learns automatically with these feedbacks and improves its performance. In reinforcement learning, the
agent interacts with the environment and explores it. The goal of an agent is to get the most reward points, and
hence, improve its performance.

reinforcement learning continuously improves its model by leveraging feedback from previous iterations.

Example: Teaching a dog robot to behave, reward on good behavior and punish on bad one, so that with time, it
will learn.
Strategic decisions when building ML projects

Collecting more data?! What types of data?

What ML algorithm to choose? regression, classification..?

Do we need more GPUs?


Life cycle of a Machine Learning project

Fig : Machine Learning (ML) Model Development Lifecyle

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