Flow-pressure_conditions_in_gas_pipe_networks
Flow-pressure_conditions_in_gas_pipe_networks
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Darko Goricanec
University of Maribor
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Abstract: - In the paper, flow-pressure analysis of gas pipe networks and linearization of non-linear equation
with linear theory method (LTM) is presented. The method is used on a test case of pipe networks with four
modes. The HAPN application for flow-pressure analyses of low pressure gas pipe networks is completely
designed in object-oriented programming technology; the algorithm for numerical module LTM and the
method for solution of sparse matrix are developed at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Maribor, Slovenia.
Key-Words: - fluid mechanics, gas pipe networks, pressure losses, non-linear programming,
linear method
p
1 2 ρ1 ⋅ v12 Z m L
p1 p∫1 2 ⋅ d Z1 ∫0
⋅ p ⋅ dp = − λ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ dx (7)
Figure 1: Diagram of branch with vertices i and j
or
The flow is considered as positive if it is entering
p12 − p22 λ L Z
= ⋅ ⋅ ρ1 ⋅ v12 ⋅ m (8) the node, and as negative if it flows from the node.
2 ⋅ p1 2 d Z1 For each node it is valid that the sum of the flows is
equal, meaning that the sum of the flows at the
entrance to the node equals the sum of flows at the
3 Mathematical Model exit of nodes. 1st Kirchhoff law applies, which is
The term gas network means a larger number of described by the linear algebraic equation [5]:
individual interconnected pipelines, whose function Nv
Also, the sum of pressure losses in any closed equations. The total number of iterations is
piping network loop equals zero. 2nd Kirchhoff law dependent on the required relative accuracy [10].
applies, which is described by the nonlinear
algebraic equation:
∑ ∆p
I =1
i =0 (11)
• iteration method;
• Newton's method;
• the method of functional iteration;
• Cauchy method;
• Hook-Jeeves method;
• the method of quadratic programming;
• modified Newton's method;
• linear method;
or by setting the proper position of valves in the conditions for the current load. Based on the
network. analysis of the results we can determine the most
Input data are divided into data that give the economical supply options for consumers and
network structure, the information on consumption service network.
of the customers, and the data on system parameters The functionality of designing and dimensioning
that define the current calculation. The bases for of new networks or network parts, the envisaged
preparing and data entry are plans which provide a expansion of existing networks, thereby increasing
complete and current picture of network system consumption, as well as installation of new devices,
with the connected and possibly planned customers. are checked before the investment is triggered, by
The implementation of the applications is carrying out a flow-pressure analysis. The analysis
enabled by the following data groups: gives directions for the construction and operation
• system data (physical properties of gas); of the system. To this end, we need algorithms
• nodes (consumption, geodetic altitude, supplemented by boundary conditions or criteria. By
coordinates x, y); known consumption and maximum allowable
• tubes (length, diameter, roughness, embedded pressure drop it is possible to determine the
components or local resistors); appropriate diameter for all sections. On the basis of
• sources (characteristics, capacity). standard diameters and taking into account other
planning criteria we can select the optimum pipe
dimensions. Before calculating it is possible to
5 Conclusion define specific sections with pre-selected diameter,
Determination of flow-pressure conditions for gas and they remain unchanged until the end of the
supply networks is not straightforward and calculation.
transparent and requires considerable computational
effort to monitor the situation in each point of the
network. The exact mathematical calculation
without a computer is almost impossible. Software References:
package includes a set of computer programs that [1] J. Krope, D. Goričanec, L. Garbai, Optimal
are composed of independent modules and is design of processing networks. Hung. j. ind.
designed to determine chem., 1995, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 161-165.
the steady flow conditions in an arbitrary shaped [2] D. Goričanec, J. Krope, Hydraulic analysis of
loop networks and various pipelines. overhead steam transport, Proceedings of the
The defined operating conditions with known Sixth Asian congress of fluid mechanics, May
loads and network architecture enable to specify the 22-26, 1995, Singapore. Nanyang: Centre for
pressure, volume and speed conditions at every Continuing Eduction, 1995, pp. II/1352-1355.
point of the network. [3] M. McCornik, C.J.Bellamy, A computer
On this basis the following is possible: program for the analysis of networks of pipes
• the designing and locating of energy production, and pump, Journal of the institution engineers,
transport and distribution devices, which are Australia, 1968.
included in the system; [4] J. Krope, D. Doberšek, D. Goričanec, Variation
• the designing of new sections of piping systems; of pipe diameters and its influence on the flow-
pressure conditions. WSEAS transactions on
• the defining and locating of critical points in the
fluid mechanics, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006, pp. 53-58.
network, overloaded or under loaded sections;
[5] M. Jamšek, D. Doberšek, D. Goričanec, J.
• having full access to the existing flow-pressure
Krope, Determination of optimal district
conditions.
heating pipe network configuration, WSEAS
Using the software package is possible when: transactions on fluid mechanics, vol. 5, iss. 3,
• planning the supplying strategies; 2010, pp 165-174.
• determining the optimal operation of the [6] S.I. Gass, Linear Programming Methods and
network; Applications, 5th Edition, McGraw – Hill, 1985
• planning and designing. [7] J. Krope, D. Doberšek, D. Goričanec, Flow
Engineers and designers can use a software pressure analysis of pipe networks with linear
package for a fast and reliable identification and theory method, LONG, Charles A. Proceedings
verification of the effects of operating conditions. of the WSEAS/IASME international
The program can simulate any supply system and conferences, Miami, Florida, USA, January 18-
the operating conditions and calculates operating 20, 2006. Athens: World Scientific Engineering