Allied Schools

Peoples Colony Campus

Mid-Term Planning

Class: Eight
Subject: Computer
 Allied School

Peoples Colony Campus

Class 8th Subject: (Computer)

Chapter no 01: Emerging Technologies

Exercise
A. Multiple choice questions. Tick the correct answer.
1. __________ is generally referred to as ‘Emerging Technology’.
a. Discontinued development b. New technology
c. Best technology d. None of these
2. Which of the following is not an example of an emerging technology?
a. Virtual reality b. Block chain c. Robotics d. 3G
3. ________ technology is a computer generated imitation of the real world where people can interact
in an apparently real or physical way.
a. VR b. AR c. CR d. all of these
4. ________ applications are those which operate simultaneously on several different computers.
a. Embedded b. Virtual c. Distributed d. None of these
5. In a block chain system, the transaction or file recorded cannot be_________.
a. Opened b. Read c. Saved d. Modified
6. The estimated data rate of 5G technology is _________.
a. 10Gbps b. 15Gbps c.20Gbps d. 25Gbps
7. ___________ is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that enables a system to learn and improve itself
from its experience without any user interference.
a. Block chain b. Machine Learning c. Virtual Reality d. None of these
8. Chatbot is an example of:
a. Virtual Reality b. Augmented Reality c. Robotics d. Artificial intelligence
9. CAT is also known as:
a. Computer Assisted Transaction b. Computer Authorized Translation
c. Computer Assisted Translation d. Computer Application Translation
10. A self-driving car is also known as:
a. Autonomous vehicle b. Driverless car c. Robotic car d. All of these
B. Write “T” for True and “F” for False.
1. Absolute technology is generally referred to as ‘Emerging Technology’. False
2. A self- driving car also known as an manual vehicle. False
3. Virtual reality or VR is a technology that creates a natural environment. True
4. Robotics is replacing human efforts. True
5. Virtual reality is a 2D image. False
6. Virtual reality is the same as augmented reality. False
7. Machine learning is a system that improves itself with experience. True

C. Answer the following short questions.

1. What is meant by augmented reality?

Ans: Unlike virtual reality, augmented reality manages to merge digital and three-dimensional
(3D) components with an individual’s perception of the real world.
2. What are some of the applications of AI?
Ans: Some of the applications of AI are as follows.
a) Self-driving cars
b) Social media
c) Marketing
d) Gaming
e) Chat bots
3. What is holographic imaging?
Ans: A 3D hologram is a 3D projection of a 3D recorded image that matches almost exactly
with the original object. It does not need to use 3D glasses to see this image.
4. What are the primary difficulties in robotics?
Ans: The leading challenges that are affecting the robotics industry are as follows.
a) Efficient power sources
b) Environmental mapping
c) Ethics and privacy
d) Reliable AI
e) Multi-functionality
5. What are the other names used for self-driving cars?
Ans: The other names for self- driving cars are autonomous vehicle (AV), Driverless cars
and Robotic car.
6. State the applications of 3D imaging.
Ans: Some of the applications of 3D imaging are as follows.
i. Computed Tomography (CT)
ii. 3D laser scanning
iii. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
iv. 3D movies
7. Which device is used to experience virtual reality?
Ans: A virtual reality headset (or VR headset) is a head-mounted device that provides virtual
reality for the wearer.
8. What is the main purpose of using Computer Assisted translation (CAT)?
Ans: CAT tools are designed to help linguists do their job more quickly and efficiently. This
tool makes translation more efficient, consistent, and faster.
9. How can you create a hologram at home?
Ans: We can create holograms by using simple mobile and a piece of glass or plastic cut and
joined at the angle of 45 degree.
10. What makes 5G better than previous ones?
Ans: In comparison to earlier generations it is much faster, more flexible and has less data
transfer delays. 5G is significantly faster than 4G and transfers data up to 20 Gigabits-per-
second (Gbps). 5G has more capacity than 4G.
D. Answer the following long questions.
1. Write a note on block chain.

Ans: Block chain is a method of storing data in blocks that makes it difficult or even impossible
to change the data or hack it. Blocks create a chain because each one has information about the
block before it, hence strengthening the links in the chain. The transaction or file recorded
cannot be modified. Block chain technology is also the backbone of all crypto currencies.
Uses of block chain: Block chain technology is used to:

a) innovate games

b) secure healthcare

c) provide transparency for business

d) improve market trends

e) perform data driven research

2. What are the differences between virtual reality and augmented reality?

Virtual Reality(VR) Augmented Reality(AR)

The use of computer technology to create a Augmented reality manages to merge digital
virtual environment. and three dimensional components.

VR is completely virtual in nature. AR uses a real world setting.

VR users are controlled by the system. AR users can control their presences in the
real world.

VR requires a headset device. AR can be accessed with a smart phone.

VR only enhances a fictional reality. AR enhances both the virtual and real world.
 Allied School

Peoples Colony Campus

Class 8th Subject: (Computer)

Chapter no 01: Emerging Technologies

Test Worksheet:01
Choose the correct answer.
i. ________ will replace the current technologies in the near future:
a. New technologies b. Emerging technologies
c. Best technologies d. None of these
ii. The Czech word ‘robota’ is the source of the English term _______.
a. Robot b. Robotics c. AL d. 5G
iii. A self-driving car is also known as:
a. VA b. AV c. EV d. CA
iv. The AR industry is anticipated to be valued more than 18 billion in _______.
a. 2022 b. 2021 c. 2019 d. 2023
v. The term “robot” means:
a. Work b. Good work c. Hard work d. none of these
Fill in the blanks.
i. __________is a technique for giving depth to an image.
ii. The virtual reality is produced by a_________.
iii. ___________is a branch of artificial intelligence.
iv. The estimate rate of 5G data transfer is______.
v. ___________is an example of computer assisted translation.
vi. Internet is the example of______________.
vii. VR stands for____________.
viii. The intelligent machines are called__________.
ix. ____________technology is the backbone of all crypto currencies.

x. ____________cars do not need a driver.

 Allied School
Peoples Colony Campus
Class 8th Subject: (Computer)
Chapter no 01: Emerging Technologies
Worksheet
Teacher’s copy
A. Choose the correct answer.
i. ________ will replace the current technologies in the near future:
a. New technologies b. emerging technologies
c. Best technologies d. None of these
ii. The Czech word ‘robota’ is the source of the English term _______.
a. Robot b. Robotics c. AL d. 5G
iii. A self-driving car is also known as:
a. VA b. AV c. EV d. CA
iv. The AR industry is anticipated to be valued more than 18 billion in _______.
a. 2022 b. 2021 c. 2019 d. 2023
v. The term “robot” means:
a. Work b. Good work c. Hard work d. none of these
B. Fill in the blanks.
i. 3D imaging is a technique for giving depth to an image.
ii. The virtual reality is produced by a VR headset.
iii. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence.
iv. The estimate rate of 5G data transfer is 20Gbps.
v. Google translator is an example of computer assisted translation.
vi. Internet is the example of distributed system.
vii. VR stands for Virtual Reality.
viii. The intelligent machines are called Robots.
ix. Block chain technology is the backbone of all crypto currencies.

x. Self-driving cars do not need a driver.

 Allied School

Peoples Colony Campus

Class 8th Subject :( Computer)

Unit no 02: Data communication and computer network
Exercise
A. Multiple choice questions. Tick the correct options.
1. Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses ____for data transmission.
a. fiber optic cable b. coaxial cable c. LEDs d. none of these
2. The network with a small geographical area is called:
a. LAN b. WAN c. MAN d. all of these
3. An unguided transmission media transmits electromagnetic waves without using any ____
medium.
a. social b. physical c. both d. none of these
4. In the ______ network, computers are not physically connected.
a. LAN b. WAN c. MAN d. none of these
5. _______ is a secured connection over the internet.
a. LAN b. WAN c. VPN d. none of these
6. PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) or satellite links are ______ devices used for
WAN.
a. deleting b. storing c. communication d. all of these
7. ________ is a subcategory of satellite communication.
a. Bluetooth b. GPS c. Wi-Fi d. Router
8. A _______ network is an internet connection that is shared with multiple devices in a home
or business via a wireless router.
a. Wi-Fi b. Li-Fi c. router d. GPS
9. Wifi stands for:
a. Wired Fidelity b. Wired Function c. Wireless Fidelity d. none of these
10. Bluetooth is another important ______ range wireless communication system.
a. high b. low c. mid d. side
B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
1. The entire LAN is simple to operate and easy to control. True
2. WAN covers greater distance and operates nationwide. True
3. Each twisted pair wire consists of seven joined insulated copper wires. False
4. Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other
using cables. False
5. An unguided transmission transmits electromagnetic waves without
using any physical path. True
6. Optical fiber cable is thinner and lighter in weight so it can withstand
More pull pressure than a copper cable. True
7. Microwaves only travel in a straight line. True
C. Answer the following short questions.
1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the twisted pair cable.
Ans: Advantages:
i. It is less expensive.
ii. It performs best in short distances.
Disadvantages:
i. It has low durability.
ii. It provides poor security.
2. What is coaxial cable?
Ans: Coaxial cable consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers:
i. An insulating material
ii. A woven or braided meta
iii. A plastic outer coating
It is frequently used in cable television (CATV) network cabling.
3. What are the basic elements of fiber optic cable?
Ans: A fiber optic cable consists of five main components: the core, the cladding, the coating,
the strengthening fibers and the cable jacket.
4. What is the difference between Wi-Fi and Li-Fi?
Wi-Fi Li-Fi
Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity

Speed for data transmission is much Speed for the data transmission is fastest.
slower as compared to Li-Fi.
It is quite expensive. It is cheap.
5. Explain the terms data communication, message, encoder and decoder.
Ans: Data communication: It is the process of sending and receiving data electronically from
one location to the other.
Message: It is the data to be sent, it may be text, image, audio, video or combination of these.
Encoder: These are the devices that convert digital signals into a form that can be travel over
wired or wireless media on the sender’s side.
Decoders: These are the devices that receive converted signals on the receiving side and
convert them again into the digital form.
6. Differentiate between LAN and WAN.
LAN WAN
LAN is restricted to a small geographical WAN covers greater distances and operates
area. worldwide.
LAN is faster than WAN. WAN is slower than LAN.
Data transfers more quickly through LAN. WAN transmits data at a slower rate than
LAN.
7. What are the characteristics of a twisted pair cable?
Ans: A twisted pair cable has following characteristics.
i. It is less expensive.
ii. It is easy to connect.
iii. It is flexible to use.
8. Why are computer networks necessary?
Ans: Computer Network allows sharing of resources such as printers, scanners, and data
storage devices. This allows multiple users to access the same resources, which can help to
reduce costs and increase efficiency.
9. Do you believe the internet of things will become popular in the future?
Ans: Yes, we believe that the internet of things (IOT) will become popular in future by 2027.
There are expected to be 41 billion IOT devices.
D. Answer the following long questions.
1. What is a coaxial cable? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of coaxial cable?
Ans: Coaxial cable consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers.
a) An insulating material
b) A woven or braided meta
c) A plastic outer coating
It has higher data transmission rate as compared to a twisted pair cable.
Advantages:
a) Data can be transmitted at high speed.
b) It has enhanced shielding as compared to twisted pair cable.
c) It provides advanced bandwidth.
Disadvantages:
a) It is more expensive as compared to a twisted pair cable.
b) Any fault in the cable causes the failure of the entire networks.
2. Write a detailed note on wireless transmission media.
Ans: Wireless transmission media allows us to send voice, data, movies, photos and other types
of content using air as medium. It includes:
a. Cellular Communication
b. Satellite Communication
c. Global Positioning System
d. Bluetooth
a. Cellular Communication:
It is a radio network distributed over a vast area through hexagonal cells. These cells
together provide coverage of mobile phones over larger geographical areas.
b. Satellite Communication:
These networks provide worldwide coverage. Satellite Communication systems offer
different services like telecommunication, positioning and navigation (by GPS),
broadcasting, Internet, etc.
c. Global Positioning System:
GPS is a subcategory of satellite communication. It is primarily used in applications for
positioning, navigation, monitoring and surveying with the help of dedicated GPS receivers
and satellites.
d. Bluetooth:
It is another important low range wireless communication system. It provides data, voice,
and audio transmission with a transmission range of 10 meters.
3. What is unguided media? Write its three transmission categories in detail.
Ans: An unguided transmission media transmits electromagnetic waves or signals without
using any physical medium. It is also known as wireless transmission. There are three main
categories:
a. Radio waves transmission:
The electromagnetic waves that travel through open space in all directions are known as
Radio Waves. These low-frequency electromagnetic waves range from ‘3kHz to 1 GHz’.
Examples: FM radio, cordless phones and television.
b. Microwaves transmission:
These are electromagnetic waves that have frequencies between ‘1 and 300GHz’.
Microwaves only travel in a straight line. Examples: radio navigation systems, sensor system
and satellite communications.
c. Infrared waves transmission:
A wireless method used for communication over short distances is infrared transmission.
The infrared spectrum has frequencies between 300GHz and 400 THz. Examples: TV
remote control usage, data transfer between two mobile phones etc.
 Allied School
Peoples Colony Campus
Class 8th Subject :( Computer)
Unit no 02: Data communication and computer network
Test Worksheet # 02
A. Multiple choice questions. Tick the correct options.
1. Coaxial cable consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least _______ layers.
a) one b) two c) three d) four
2. A ___________ is the data to be sent.
a) Message b) sender c) receiver d) all of these
3. Bluetooth data transmission range if _______ meters.
a) 6 b) 8 c) 10 d) 12
4. Li-Fi uses ______for data transmission.
a) CD b) DVD’s c) LD d) LEDs
5. WAN is slower than ____________ in term of speed.
a) PAN b) LAN c) MAN d) none of them

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The infrared spectrum has frequencies between ______ and _______.
2. ________only travel in a straight line.
3. In twisted pair cable _______wires are used.
4. A ________________ is a microprocessor based hardware system.
5. ______ is a subcategory of satellite communication.
6. Radio waves have low__________.
7. PSTN is communication device used for_______.
C. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
1. Hertz is a unit of frequency.
2. Radio waves have high frequency.
3. In 1996 GPs was first made available in automobiles.
4. GPS is a subcategory of computer network.
5. A message is a data to be sent.
 Unit no 02: Data communication and computer network
Worksheet
Teacher copy
A. Multiple choice questions. Tick the correct options.
1. Coaxial cable consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least _______ layers.
a) one b) two c) three d) four
2. A ___________ is the data to be sent.
a) Message b) sender c) receiver d) all of these
3. Bluetooth data transmission range if _______ meters.
a) 6 b) 8 c) 10 d) 12
4. Li-Fi uses ______for data transmission.
a) CD b) DVD’s c) LD d) LEDs
5. WAN is slower than ____________ in term of speed.
a) PAN b) LAN c) MAN d) none of them

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The infrared spectrum has frequencies between 300GHz and 400THz .
2. Microwaves only travel in a straight line.
3. In twisted pair cable copper wires are used.
4. An Embedded system is a microprocessor based hardware system.
5. GPS is a subcategory of satellite communication.
6. Number of waves passing through an area per unit time is called Frequency.
7. PSTN is communication device used for WAN.
C. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
1. Hertz is a unit of frequency. T
2. Radio waves have high frequency. F
3. In 1996 GPs was first made available in automobiles. T
4. GPS is a subcategory of computer network. F
5. A message is a data to be sent. T
 Allied School
Peoples Colony Campus

Class 8th Subject :( Computer)

Unit no 03: Microsoft Excel

Exercise

A. Multiple choice questions. Tick the correct answer.

1. The intersection of row and column in a worksheet is called a _____.
a. cell b. table c. spreadsheet d. none of these
2. A _____ typically contains one or more worksheets.
a. spreadsheet b. workbook c. workspace d. office
3. Data may be represented in different formats like _____ and charts to understand
data visually.
a. cells b. graphs c. formulas d. calculations
4. Functions are formulas with a ________.
a. heading b. sign c. name d. none of these
5. All of Excel’s functions are located on the ribbon’s ______tab
a. data b. home c. formula d. function
6. In a cell ____sign and calculations are always used at the beginning of a formula.
a. + b. # c. / d. =
7. Excel comes with built-in ______, which are predefined formulas.
a. formulas b. functions c. format d.cells
8. Which of the following allows you to make logical comparisons between a value?
a. For function b. IF function c. Else function d. none
9. The IF function is used to test if a certain condition in a worksheet is _____or false.
a. one b. yes c. zero d. true
10. ______ are also commonly known as graphs.
a. cells b. charts c. functions d. formulas
B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false in the boxes.
1. MS Excel is spreadsheet software. True
2. You cannot change the background colour of a cell. False
3. Any formula in excel should be preceded by an equal sign. True
4. An average function of Excel requires reference to the address of cells. True
5. You cannot merge two cells of an Excel sheet. False
6. Status Bar is used to display colours. False
7. The ribbon does not contain the icons for commands. False

c. Answers the following short questions.

1. What is the difference between a workbook and worksheet?
worksheet workbook
A worksheet is a grid of rows and columns. A collection of related worksheet, saved in
a single file is called a workbook.
It is a large table with 1,048,576 and A workbook typically contains one or
16,384 columns. more worksheets.
2. How can you resize a column in MS Excel?
Ans: You can resize a column by following steps.
1. Choose a column or a selection of columns.
2. Choose format > column width from the Home menu.
3. Enter the column width, and then click OK.
3. Give examples of any three built-in functions.
Ans: Examples of built-in functions are;
a. SUM function
b. AVERAGE function
c. MIN function
d. MAX function
 4. What are some ways formatting used in MS Excel?
Ans: Formatting is used to:
a) change the font style of text
b) change the size of text
c) change the text colour
5. Perform a calculation using SUM and AVERAGE functions/
Ans: SUM:
1. Select a cell next to the numbers that we wish to add.
2. Click on AutoSum and then press the Enter key.
For example: the Sum for adding four numbers from cell B2 to B6 will be as:
= SUM (B2:B6)
AVERAGE:
1. Select a cell next to the numbers that we wish to add.
2. Click on Auto Average and then press the Enter key.
For example: the AVERAGE of the selected range will be as:
AVERAGE (A1:A10)
6. Write steps to create a chart in MS Excel to show the sales of a store per month.
Ans: To draw a chart in MS Excel on given data, follow the given steps.
i. Click anywhere in the data for which you want to create a chart or select the cells of month
and sales.
ii. Select insert > charts > and the chart type you want.
iii. On the menu that opens, select the option you want.
iv. To edit the chart select the chart tab and then select format.
 D. Answer the following long question.
1. Define all Ribbon Tabs.
Ans: The following are some of the ribbons tabs of excel.
i. Home Tab:
It is used to apply formats to worksheet cells which include editing, clipboard, font,
alignment, number and cells.
ii. Insert Tab:
Insert tab is used to insert different objects. These objects might include images, hyperlinks,
symbols, headers, footers, etc.

iii. Draw Tab:

This tab lets you draw with the help of a mouse, digital pen, etc. depending on what you are
using.
iv. Page Layout:
It helps in changing the appearance of the worksheet. It includes gridlines, margins, theme
settings etc.
v. Formulas Tab:
Formulas tab contains practical features for adding different calculations to the worksheet.
vi. Data Tab:
It contains options for filtering, sorting, and modifying data are mostly found on the data
tab.
vii. Review Tab:
It helps in reviewing the information like checking the spellings, translation, adding
comments, etc.
viii. View Tab:
It includes commands that help in switching between the view of workbooks, freezing
panes, adding macros, etc.
 2. Explain the main components of the MS Excel interface.
Ans: Components of MS Excel are following.
i. Quick Access Toolbar:
Frequently used commands of Excel are available here. You can add or delete different tools in
quick access toolbar.
ii. Ribbon:
The ribbon contains the icons for commands. These commands are grouped in different tabs
based on their functionality.
iii. Formula bar:
Right above the spreadsheet is the formula bar. When you enter a formula or function in the cell,
it appears here in the formula bar.
iv. Status bar:
It is used to display information. Different functions like sum, count, average, etc. may be
displayed in the status bar.
v. Spreadsheet work area:
It is the place where the main work is done on the data in Excel.
 Allied School

Peoples Colony Campus

Class 8th (Computer)

Chapter no 06: Programming

Exercise

A. Tick the correct answer.

1. Which of the following items are in each scratch project?

a. sprite b. stage c. script d. all of these

2. A loop and a ______ are combined in the “repeat until” block.

a. formula b. sprite c. variable d. condition

3. Which of the following is used to make a new block from scratch?

a. sensing b. control c. my blocks d. variables

4. In programming, a Boolean expression is an expression that is either true or ____.

a. blank b. yes c. false d. true

5. The blocks serve as ______ that can be joined together.

a. commands b. stories c. reminders d. scores

6. In programming, a function is a block of code that you may ______ repeatedly rather
than having to write it out several times.

a. reuse b. print c. destroys d. all of these

7. A _______ in the context of scratch is some block that performs some task.

a. function b. loop c. variable d. statements

8. _______ is used to convert the text into speech from scratch.

a. loops b. conditionals c. text to speech d. editor

9. _______ block is used for moving sprites around the stage.

a. control b. stage c. motion d. loop

 10. It indicates that you combine two structure programming constructs in a way that one
construct is inside the other.

a. loop b. nesting c. statements d. commands

B. Name the category that performs the following action:

1. Used for moving sprites around the stage.

Motion block
2. Used for animating sprites, giving them speech bubbles, and changing their size and
appearance.
Looks block
3. Used for playing recordings or musical notes.
Sound block
4. Used to describe what happens when and for making bits of your program repeat.
Control block
5. Used to test whether your sprite is touching another sprite or another color, or to get
information about other sprites.
Sensing block
6. Used for Math’s random numbers, and doing things to text.
Operators block

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Explain the differences between programming and program.
Program Programming
A set of instructions is called a program. The art of writing instructions to tell a
computer what to do is called
programming.
Programs are written in programming Programming may be done in textual
language. computer language or any visual language.
2. Why is Scratch considered to be a good programming language for animation,
games and storytelling?
Ans: Scratch is a programming language that is perfect for making games, animations,
stories and other visually rich programs. It is easier to use than other programming
languages. By just dragging and dropping we can write a program.
3. Explain the usage of the events and control category.
Ans: Events category:
Events category is used to make the sprite perform according to the event done. Control
category:
 Control category is used to describe what happens when, and for making bits of program
repeat. This block is used to manage scripts in specific conditions.
4. What are variables?
Ans: Variables are names given to computer memory locations in order to store data in a
program, like x and y are popular variables in algebra.
5. What are Boolean expressions? How can you identify them?
Ans: A Boolean expression is an expression that is either true or false. In scratch any
block shaped like an elongated diamond is a Boolean expression. For example: (5>2) 5
greater than 2 as we can see it is true therefore the result will be true. The expression
yields true as value it is called Boolean expression.
6. Can we have more than one backdrop in our program? If yes, then how to create
them and change the backdrop?
Ans: Yes, we can have more than one backdrop in our program. To create and change the
backdrop follows the given steps.
a) Click on choose a backdrop to select any backdrop.
b) Select the required backdrop.
c) New backdrop will be implemented. In the same way we can create and change
another backdrop.
7. What are the three main blocks for cloning in scratch? Explain them in two lines.
Ans: Main cloning blocks are:
i. Create clone block: A clone cannot be created in the first place without the
blocks. It creates a duplicate of the sprite we specify.
ii. Stack block: This block helps to control over the clone’s behavior. Below this
block, we just need to add the coding to make it do something.
iii. End block: A clone must cease what it is doing by deleting itself. Deleted clone
cannot be restored.
8. Explain any five different categories of blocks.
Ans: Different categories of blocks are as follows.
i. Motion: This block is used for moving sprites around the stage.
ii. Looks: This block is used for animating sprites, giving them speech bubbles, and
changing their size and appearances.
iii. Sound: This block is used to regulate sound functions and playing recording or
musical notes.
iv. Events: This is used to make the sprite perform according to the event done.
v. Control: This block is used to manage scripts in specific conditions.
9. What are some of the limits of Scratch?
Ans: Following are some limitations of scratch.
i. It does not offer a progression to text-based programming languages.
ii. It does not offer an option for making 3D projects.
 10. What does this block of code do?
Ans:
i. This statement switches the control to costume 2 when clicked.
ii. It will set the size of the block to 100%.
iii. Turn the cat to 15 degrees.
iv. Move it to 10 steps.
v. If the cat reaches the edge it bounces.

D. Answer the following long questions.

1. Explain loops with examples.
Loop:
A loop in programming can execute statements several times depending on a
condition. In Scratch, any block whose label begins with ‘forever’ or ‘repeat’ is a loop
construct.
Type of loops:
There are three types of loops in Scratch:
1. Forever 2. Repeat 3. Repeat Until
1. Forever:
With forever construct, we may tell a sprite to say ‘hello!’. If the project is running or the
stop button is not pushed, the instructions contained in the forever block continue to be
executed forever.
2. Repeat:
It allows us to play a loop, a specific number of times. This loop would be used to repeat
an activity. For example: If we want to print “PAKISTAN” 10 times, we used repeat
loop.
3. Repeat until:
This block allows us to play a loop until some condition is true. A loop and a condition
are combined in this loop. For example, when we are filling a bucket of water, keep
filling the bucket until it fills completely with water.
2. Write a note on any four elements in programming.
Ans: Elements in programming are:
1. Variables:
A variable is a place for some value in memory. In Scratch variables are
represented with blocks shaped like elongated circles.
There are three types of variables in scratch.
Local variable: In scratch, a local variable can be used by just one sprite.
Global variable: A global variable can be used by all sprites.
 Boolean variable: A variable that take only value of true or false is called Boolean
variable.
2. Statements:
In programming, a statement is simply a directive that allows the computer to
do something. It can be a command or an instruction.
3. Boolean expressions:
In programming, a Boolean expression is an expression that is either true
or false. For example; any block shaped like an elongated diamond
4. Conditional statement:
Statements with a condition are called conditional statement. Depending
on whether a condition is true or false, a conditional statement instructs a program to
act. For example; ‘if’, ‘when’ or ‘until’
 Allied School

Peoples Colony Campus

Class: 8th Subject: Computer

Chapter no 07: Digital Citizenship

Exercise

A. Tick the correct answer.

1. The internet is also called the network of:

a. networks b. computers c. mobiles d. tablets
2. Studying from home through the internet is called:
a. i-learning b. e-learning c. c-learning d. all of these
3. A digital footprint is also known as:
a. digital diary b. digital dossier c. database d. none of these
4. Why do hackers break into the other’s computer system?
a. to steal important data b. to destroy the system
c. both a and b d. none of these
5. Crimes that are committed through the internet are called:
a. fiber crimes b. internet crimes c. cyber-crimes d. none of these
6. Spamming refers to:
a. sending an email from an unidentified sources
b. sending wrong information
c. sending bulk of information
d. none of these
7. We can adopt the following measures to avoid spam:
a. preview your message before opening them b. don’t click on spam email
c. both a and b d. none of these
8. We can adopt the following measures to avoid email hacking:
a. keep changing your passwords
b. keep updating your operating system
c. don’t plug into devices you are not sure about
d. all of these
9. The technique used by cybercriminals to attain information from individuals is called:
a. cyber bullying b. cyber troll c. social engineering d. all of these
10. Which of the following are not transaction fraud:
a. identity theft b. cyber troll c. banking fraud d. job fraud
 B. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
i. A digital footprint is an impression of a user that he leaves while using
the internet. True
ii. Always upload inappropriate content online. False
iii. Keeps your privacy setting always off. False
iv. We should not use the content written by others without their permission. True
v. Don’t share your business ideas with others. True
vi. Don’t install updated antivirus on your computer system. False
vii. Avoid friend requests from strangers. True
viii. Digital footprint are used to describe the traces that a person leaves when
he uses the internet. True

C. Answer the following short questions.

1. What is the internet?
Ans: The internet is also called ‘the NET’ or ‘Network of Networks’, which means
international network. It is a collection of networks that are connected and form a global
network.
2. What is hacking?
Ans: Hacker uses malware or other tricks to obtain your email ID and password.
Cybercriminals can gain access to your critical information like social media accounts,
bank accounts, etc. This is called hacking.
3. Give any two examples of intellectual property rights.
1) Patent: It is the right that gives an inventor the complete right to make, use and sell
his or her work for a specific time period.
2) Trademark: It is a symbol, word or logo legally registered or established and used as
representing a company or product.
4. Write two types to stop cyber bullying.
a) Try avoiding friend requests from unknown people on social media.
b) Never share your personal details such as age, address, date of birth, etc. with
unknown persons.
5. How can email spoofing be done?
Ans: Email spoofing can be done when someone sends e-mails that appear genuine from
a trusted e-mail ID but in reality, they are not to be trusted.
6. What are the ways to prevent cyber bullying?
a) Never install unwanted software and applications like online games, etc.
b) Restrict access to your data on social media plate form.
7. Describe the types of online transaction fraud?
Ans: Identity theft: It is the crime of using the personal or financial information of
another person to commit fraud, such as making unauthorized transactions or purchases.
Job frauds: cybercriminals portray incorrect details as an employer.
Banking frauds: Bank fraud is the act of illegally obtaining money from banks or other
financial institutions through fraudulent methods.
8. What is the internet? Write any three disadvantages of it?
Ans: The internet is also called ‘Network of Networks’, which means international
network. It is a collection of networks that are connected and form a global network.
Disadvantages:
a) Wastage of time
b) Virus and spam attacks
9. What are digital footprints?
Ans: A digital footprint is a trail of data of a user that he leaves while using the internet.
It includes websites you visit, emails you send, and information you submit online.
10. How can we avoid hacking?
Ans: To avoid hacking we can take the following measures:
a) Keep changing your passwords.
b) Always download trusted applications.
D. Answer the following long questions.
1. What are Ethics? Write about the ethical use of the digital environment.
Ans: Ethics: Ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make
decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and
society and is also described as moral philosophy.
Digital Environment:
The digital environment is an increasingly popular tool in family and child research that
is argued to pose new ethical challenges.
Issues in digital environments:
a) Participant privacy
b) Confidentiality
c) Anonymity
Ethical use of digital environment:
The following is a list of some ethical principles you should follow when using the digital
environment:
a) Be respectful
b) Protect your reputation
c) Protect your privacy
d) Fairness
e) Doing good and preventing harm
2. Write a detailed note on intellectual property rights.
Ans: Intellectual property is a term that refers to the legal property rights of a person
over creations of his mind, both artistic and commercial. Intellectual property rights
ensure that the creator’s hard work is safe and protected from any unauthorized copying
or piracy.
Types of intellectual property rights(IPR):
There are three main types of intellectual property rights:
1. Copyright: It is a legal right given to the person for a fixed number of years to publish
and record the literary, artistic, musical or musical use of his or her work.
2. Patent: It is the right that gives an inventor the complete right to make, use and sell his
work for specific time period. Usually the validity period for a patent is 20 years.
 3. Trademark: it is symbol, word or logo legally registered or established. It is used for
representing a company or a product.
Measures to protect intellectual property rights:
We can take the following measures to protect intellectual property right:
1. Do not share your business ideas with others.
2. Have detailed drawings, descriptions, plans and records that can prove it is your
3. As soon as you have a business name and logo for your idea, you should register
those trademarks right away.
3. Explain online transaction frauds in detail.
Ans: The illegal withdrawal or transfer of money from one bank account to another by a
cybercriminal is called online transaction frauds. Online transaction frauds generally take
place when a cybercriminal steals a user’s login credentials, bank account details, credit
card details, etc.
Ways to cheat people online:
1. Cybercriminals may send emails from a fake account that can appear to be from a
bank or credit card service provider.
2. Cybercriminals may also fake their identity and call people pretending to be bank
employees to obtain a user’s banking details.
Types of online transaction frauds:
1. Identity theft: It is the crime of using the personal or financial information of another
person to commit fraud, such as making unauthorized transactions or purchases.
2. Job frauds: cybercriminals portray incorrect details as an employer.
3. Banking frauds: Bank fraud is the act of illegally obtaining money from banks or
other financial institutions through fraudulent methods.

4. What is meant by social media? Write about its advantages and disadvantages as
well?
Ans: Social media: The website or program known as social media where users can
share their content. Generally it refers to the means of interactions among people in
which they create, share, or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and
networks.
Advantages of social media:
a) You can use it for educational purposes.
b) You can use it for entertainment.
c) It is easy to communicate and share information.
Disadvantages of social media:
a) It may also be the cause of a great deal of inefficiency.
b) It may Causes Depression and Loneliness
c) Lack of privacy can lead to identity theft, stalking and other problems.
 Practical

1. How to create new workbook in MS Excel?

2. How to resize column width and row height in MS Excel?
3. How to generate charts in MS Excel?
4. Create a table in Excel with marks of 5 students in 2 subjects.
5. How to find SUM & AVG in MS Excel?
6. Generate auto series of “First ten even/ odd numbers” in MS Excel?
7. How to create a clone in scratch project?
8. How to rename the sprites in scratch?