PHILOSOPHY Professionals are recognized as such in part because

“profession” normally includes a set of ethical

The study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the
requirements part of its meaning...
nature, and meaning of life.
Professionalism among all actors at all levels of
Science which inquiries into the ultimate reasons,
criminal justice system depends upon their ability to
causes, and principles of all things in the light of
administer policy effectively in a morally and
human reason alone.
ethically responsible manner.
From Greek word; Philosophia (coined by
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
phytagoras of samos), philo (love) - Sophia (wisdom)
1. Indispensable knowledge
ETHICS
2. Without moral perception, man is only an animal.
The science of the morality of human acts. The
study of the human motivation and ultimately of 3. Without morality, man as rational being is a
human rational behavior. failure.

From the Greek words; Ethos -> characteristic way TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
of acting, Ethikos -> customary (done in particular
1) GENERAL ETHICS
situation) derived from ethike (doctrine of morality)
2) SPECIAL ETHICS
From the Latin word; Ethicus

➢It is a major branch of philosophy which focuses

on the study of value or quality.

➢It outlines the theory of right or wrong, morality

translates these theories into action. Therefore,
morality is nothing else but it is doing of ethics.

➢It is a branch of moral science that treats of the

correct performance of public service and human
acts of a public officer.

MORALITY -> is the quality of human acts by which

they are constituted as good, bad, or indifferent.

BASES OF MORALITY

1.SOCIAL NORMS

2.LAWS OF SOCIETY

3.RELIGION

4.CONSCIENCE

WHY WE STUDY ETHICS? A. GENERAL ETHICS

It is the study of the general principles of morality. B. INTENTION

HUMAN ACTS ACTS OF MAN Is the tendency of the will towards

Actions performed by Actions which happen something attainable without necessarily
man, in man naturally. committing oneself to attain it.
knowingly and freely.
Deliberate or Instinctive and are not C. CONSENT
intentional actions or within the control of Is the acceptance of the will of those
voluntary. the will. needed to carry out the intention.
Actions are the result Biological and
of physiological D. ELECTION
conscious knowledge movements in man
and are such as Is the selection of those effective enough
subject to the control metabolism, out the intentions.
of the will. respiration, fear, anger,
E. USE
love, and jealousy.
Is the command of the will to make use of
those means elected to carry out the
HUMAN ACTS
intentions.
These are acts that are done knowingly, deliberately
F. FRUITION
and freely.
Is the enjoyment of the will derived of the
1) KNOWINGLY - When the person fully
attainment of the thing desired earlier.
understands what he is doing and has the
ability to appreciate the consequences of 2. COMMANDED ACTS – are those done either by
his actions. man’s mental or bodily powers under the command
of the will. Are those done in relation to the dictates
2) DELIBERATELY - When the person did his
of reason. They begin in the will but are perfected
actions intentionally
by other faculties under the control of the will.
3) FREELY - When the person performed his
COMMANDED ACTS
actions voluntarily
A. INTERNAL ACTS

Acts done by the mind through the

KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS
command of the will.
1. ELICITED ACTS – are those performed by will and
B. EXTERNAL ACTS
are not bodily externalized. Are those human acts
that are complete or adequate cause, they begin Acts done by the body through the
and perfected in the human will itself. command of the will.
ELICITED ACTS C. MIXED ACTS
A. WISH Acts done by the mind and the body.
The first tendency of the will towards
something whether this be realized or not.
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS ACCORDING TO THE
First step of human act. NORMS OF MORALITY
1) MORAL ACTIONS – are those actions which are in B. NEGATIVE EMOTIONS – hatred,
conformity with the norm of morality (good, right) horror, sadness, despair, fear, and
anger.
2) IMMORAL ACTIONS – are those actions which
are not in conformity with the norms of morality 3. FEAR
(bad, wrong)
Disturbance of the mind of the person
3) AMORAL ACTIONS – are those actions which confronted by danger or harm. It is an
stands neutral in relation to the norms of morality instinct of self-preservation.
(neither good nor bad)
4. VIOLENCE

Refers to any physical force exerted on a

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS person by another free agent for the
purpose of compelling said person to act
Changes the moral worth of human acts.
against his will. Bodily torture,
5 TYPES OF MODIFIERS maltreatment, isolation, and mutilation are
example of violence against person.
1. IGNORANCE
5. HABITS
Absence of knowledge one ought to
possess. Is a lasting readiness and facility, born of
frequently repeated acts, for acting in a
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNORANCE certain manner.
A. VINCIBLE IGNORANCE The word HABIT-FORMING refers to certain
B. INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE experience shows how easy it is to acquire a
habit. It also implies that a habit is not easy
C. AFFECTED IGNORANCE to overcome or alter.
NOTE: IGNORANCE OF THE LAW EXCUSES
NO ONE
VOLUNTARINESS
Implies that no one should act as in the
state of ignorance and that no one who has From the Latin word “voluntas” referring to
done wrong may not claim ignorance as the will. It is essential to an act and without
defense. it, act is a mere act of man.

2. PASSION TYPES OF VOLUNTARINESS:

Either tendencies towards desirable objects, A. DIRECT – primarily intended by

or tendencies away from undesirable or the doer, either as an end itself or
harmful things. as means to achieve something

CLASSIFICATION OF PASSION B. INDIRECT – accompanies an act

or situation which is a mere result
A. POSITIVE EMOTIONS – love, of a directly willed act.
desire, delight, hope, and bravery
RIGHTS BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS

➢anything that is owed or due 1. RIGHT TO LIFE

➢something to which a person has a just 2. RIGHT TO LIBERTY

and lawful claim, and anything that a person
3. RIGHT TO PROPERTY
can lawfully demand

KINDS OF RIGHTS
BILL OF RIGHTS
A. NATURAL RIGHTS – based on
natural law that is human nature. This is a list of individual liberties, freedom and
rights which are guaranteed and protected under
B. HUMAN RIGHTS – based on
Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It is
human positive laws.
the protection of individuals against abuses of the
C. CIVIL RIGHTS – are those that are State. This likewise pertains to protection of the
dependent upon the laws of the rights of an accused.
state.

D. ECCLESIASTICAL RIGHTS – are

DUTY
dependents upon the laws of the
church or religious sectors ➢It is anything we are obliged to do or to omit
E. ALIENABLE RIGHTS – civil or ➢It is a moral obligation to incumbent upon a
religious rights that can be person of doing, omitting, or avoid something
renounce, remove, or surrendered
Duty is a moral obligation it depends upon freewill.
F. RIGHT OF PROPERTY – power to As such it resides on the person. Duty is defined by
own, barter, sell, lend, change, or law, any willful neglect of duty by the person makes
give away one’s personal possession him accountable for such act.
G. JURIDICAL RIGHTS – based on KINDS OF DUTIES
laws in relation to the
administration of justice 1. NATURAL DUTIES – are those imposed by
natural law
H. NON-JURIDICAL RIGHTS – moral
rights 2. POSITIVE DUTIES – are those imposed by
human positive laws

3. AFFIRMATIVE DUTIES – are those which

HUMAN RIGHTS require the performance of the certain act.
➢rights pertaining to the rights of man 4. NEGATIVE DUTIES – are those which
require the omission of a certain act.
➢rights inherent to man by virtue of being a
human being

➢are the supreme, inherent and inalienable

rights to life, dignity and to self-
development.
VALUES 7. Ningas cogon

➢anything that a person considers important in life, VIRTUE

such as material things, ideas and experiences
➢It is a habit that inclines the person to act in a way
➢a value is anything which satisfies a human need. that harmonizes with his nature.
(Value is identical to that which is good)
➢It is the habit of doing good.
➢Comes from the Latin word “valere” which means
➢Its opposite is vice (the habit of doing bad)
to be strong or to be worth.
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
KINDS OF VALUES
1. PRUDENCE
1.BIOLOGICAL VALUES – are necessary to
the physical survival of a human or ➢It is the ability to govern and discipline
organism. oneself by means of reason and sound
judgment.
2.SOCIAL VALUES – are necessary to the
sensual need and fulfillment. ➢It is a virtue that attracts the intellect to
choose the most effective means for
3.RATIONAL VALUES – are necessary to the
accomplishing what is morally good and
functions and fulfillment of intellect and
avoiding what is evil.
will.
2. TEMPERANCE
FILIPINO VALUES
➢It is one’s ability to moderate or avoid
STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTER:
something.
1. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao;
➢It is a virtue that regulates the carnal
2. Family Orientation; appetite for sensual pleasures.

3. Joy and Humor; ➢It also means self-control.

4. Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity; 3. FORTITUDE

5. Hard work and Industry; ➢It means firmness of mind.

6. Faith and Religiosity; and ➢It is the courage to endure without

yielding.
7. Hospitability
➢It is a virtue that incites courage.
WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER:
a) PATIENCE – It is calmness and
1. Extreme Personalism;
composure in enduring situations.
2. Extreme Family Centeredness;
b) PERSEVERANCE – It is the ability
3. Lack of Discipline; to go on despite the obstacles.

4. Passivity and Lack of Initiative; c) ENDURANCE – It is the ability to

last.
5. Colonial Mentality;

6. Kanya-kanya syndrome; and

4. JUSTICE

It is the virtue that inclines the will to give

to each one of his rights.

THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

1) COMMUTATIVE - It is a virtue
that regulates those actions that
involve the rights that exist
between one and another. (fairness
because of agreement)

2) DISTRIBUTIVE - It regulates those

actions that involve the rights than
an individual may claim from
society. (fair allocation of resources)

3) LEGAL - It is a virtue that

regulates those actions which
society may justly require of the
individual for the common good,
thus laws are created to protect the
citizens.
 SECTION 41. Officers Authorized to Administer
Oath. —
SPECIAL ETHICS
(1) The following officers have general authority to
It is the study of the application of the general administer oath: Notaries public, members of the
principles of morality. It includes in this division is judiciary, clerks of courts, the Secretary of the either
the category of professional ethics. House of the Congress of the Philippines, of
departments, bureau directors, registers of deeds,
provincial governors and lieutenant-governors, city
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS mayors, municipal mayors and any other officer in
➢It a set of moral code to which every profession the service of the government of the Philippines
must subscribe whose appointment is vested in the President.

➢It guides the professional where the law is silent (2) Oaths may also be administered by any officer
or inadequate whose duties, as defined by law or regulation,
require presentation to him of any statement under
oath.
POLICE ETHICS

➢ Practical science that treats the principle of

human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292

CHAPTER 10

OFFICIAL OATHS

SECTION 40. Oaths of Office for Public Officers and

Employees. — All public officers and employees of
the government including every member of the
armed forces shall, before entering upon the
discharge of his duties, take an oath or affirmation
to uphold and defend the Constitution; that he will
bear true faith and allegiance to it; obey the laws,
legal orders and decrees promulgated by the duly
constituted authorities; will well and faithfully
discharge to the best of his ability the duties of the
office or position upon which he is about to enter;
and that he voluntarily assumes the obligation
imposed by his oath of office, without mental
reservation or purpose of evasion. Copies of the
oath shall be deposited with the Civil Service
Commission and the National Archives.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6713 utmost devotion and dedication to duty.
They shall endeavor to discourage wrong
AN ACT ESTABLISHING A CODE OF CONDUCT AND
perceptions of their roles as dispensers or
ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND
peddlers of undue patronage.
EMPLOYEES, TO UPHOLD THE TIME-HONORED
PRINCIPLE OF PUBLIC OFFICE BEING A PUBLIC (C) JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY. - Public
TRUST, GRANTING INCENTIVES AND REWARDS FOR officials and employees shall remain true to
EXEMPLARY SERVICE, ENUMERATING PROHIBITED the people at all times. They must act with
ACTS AND TRANSACTIONS AND PROVIDING justness and sincerity and shall not
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF AND FOR discriminate against anyone, especially the
OTHER PURPOSES poor and the underprivileged. They shall at
all times respect the rights of others, and
SECTION 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the
shall refrain from doing acts contrary to law,
"CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
good morals, good customs, public policy,
FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES."
public order, public safety and public
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policies. - It is the policy interest. They shall not dispense or extend
of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in undue favors on account of their office to
public service. Public officials and employees shall at their relatives whether by consanguinity or
all times be accountable to the people and shall affinity except with respect to appointments
discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, of such relatives to positions considered
integrity, competence, and loyalty, act with strictly confidential or as members of their
patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and personal staff whose terms are coterminous
uphold public interest over personal interest. with theirs.

SECTION 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and (D) POLITICAL NEUTRALITY. - Public officials
Employees. – and employees shall provide service to
everyone without unfair discrimination and
(A) Every public official and employee shall observe regardless of party affiliation or preference.
the following as standards of personal conduct in
the discharge and execution of official duties: (E) RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC. -
Public officials and employees shall extend
(A) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST. - prompt, courteous, and adequate service to
Public officials and employees shall always the public. Unless otherwise provided by
uphold the public interest over and above law or when required by the public interest,
personal interest. All government resources public officials and employees shall provide
and powers of their respective offices must information of their policies and procedures
be employed and used efficiently, in clear and understandable language,
effectively, honestly and economically, ensure openness of information, public
particularly to avoid wastage in public funds consultations and hearings whenever
and revenues. appropriate, encourage suggestions,
(B) PROFESSIONALISM. - Public officials and simplify and systematize policy, rules and
employees shall perform and discharge procedures, avoid red tape and develop an
their duties with the highest degree of understanding and appreciation of the
excellence, professionalism, intelligence and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the
skill. They shall enter public service with country, especially in the depressed rural
and urban areas.
 (F) NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM. -  I WILL KEEP MY PRIVATE LIFE UNSULLIED as
Public officials and employees shall at all an example to all and will behave in a
times be loyal to the Republic and to the manner that does not bring discredit to me
Filipino people, promote the use of locally or to my agency. I will maintain courageous
produced goods, resources and technology calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule;
and encourage appreciation and pride of develop self-restraint; and be constantly
country and people. They shall endeavor to mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in
maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty thought and deed both in my personal and
against foreign intrusion. official life, I will be exemplary in obeying
the law and the regulations of my
(G) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY. -
department.
Public officials and employees shall commit
 WHATEVER I SEE OR HEAR OF A
themselves to the democratic way of life
CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OR THAT IS
and values, maintain the principle of public
CONFIDED TO ME IN MY OFFICIAL
accountability, and manifest by deeds the
CAPACITY WILL BE KEPT EVER SECRET
supremacy of civilian authority over the
UNLESS REVELATION IS NECESSARY IN THE
military. They shall at all times uphold the
PERFORMANCE OF MY DUTY. I will never
Constitution and put loyalty to country
act officiously or permit personal feelings,
above loyalty to persons or party.
prejudices, political beliefs, aspirations,
(H) SIMPLE LIVING. - Public officials and animosities or friendships to influence my
employees and their families shall lead decisions. With no compromise for crime
modest lives appropriate to their positions and with relentless prosecution of criminals,
and income. They shall not indulge in I will enforce the law courteously and
extravagant or ostentatious display of appropriately without fear or favor, malice
wealth in any form. or ill will, never employing unnecessary
force or violence and never accepting
CODE OF ETHICS gratuities.
Are institutional guidelines used to further reinforce  I RECOGNIZE THE BADGE OF MY OFFICE AS
the ethical conduct by the practitioners. They are A SYMBOL OF PUBLIC FAITH, and I accept it
not constructed as detailed means of resolving as a public trust to be held so long as I am
every ethical problem but as general principle that true to the ethics of police service. I will
illuminate moral choice. never engage in acts of corruption or
bribery, nor will I condone such acts by
LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS other police officers. I will cooperate with all
 As a law enforcement officer, MY legally authorized agencies and their
FUNDAMENTAL DUTY IS TO SERVE THE representatives in the pursuit of justice. I
COMMUNITY; to safeguard lives and know that I alone am responsible for my
property; to protect the innocent against own standard of professional performance
deception, the weak against oppression or and will take every reasonable opportunity
intimidation and the peaceful against to enhance and improve my level of
violence or disorder; and to respect the knowledge and competence.
constitutional rights of all to liberty,  I WILL CONSTANTLY STRIVE TO ACHIEVE
equality, and justice. THESE OBJECTIVES AND IDEALS,
DEDICATING MYSELF BEFORE GOD TO MY
 CHOSEN PROFESSION… LAW Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards (PNP
ENFORCEMENT. COPCES) by the PNP.

POLICE ETHICS It was approved on 12 March 1992.

A practical science that treats the principle of LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE OF CONDUCT:
human morality and duty as applied to law
1. RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices
enforcement.
Act;
WHO ARE POLICE?
2. RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
➢ The public officials for Public Officials and Employees;

➢ With extraordinary power to arrest 3. RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act as amended by RA

7659;
➢ Performs the direct police services of patrol,
criminal investigation, and traffic control 4. RA 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007 (An act
to improve efficiency in the delivery of government
service to the public by reducing bureaucratic red
LEGAL BASIS FOR POLICE ETHICS tape, preventing graft and corruption, and providing
penalties therefore);
SECTION 37 of RA 6975
5. PLEB RULES AND REGULATIONS
Performance Evaluation System. — There shall be
established a performance evaluation system which
shall be administered in accordance with the rules,
RELEVANT DEFINITION OF TERMS:
regulations and standards, and a code of conduct
promulgated by the Commission for members of the 1. NONFEASANCE (NEGLECT OF DUTY) - the failure
PNP. Such performance evaluation system be to perform an act or duty that is part of one’s
administered in such a way as to foster the obligation without sufficient excuse;
improvement of individual efficiency and behavioral
2. MALFEASANCE (MISCONDUCT) - the commission
discipline as well as the promotion of organizational
of an act that one is prohibited to do;
effectiveness and respect for the constitutional and
human rights of citizens, democratic principles and 3. MISFEASANCE (IRREGULARITIES IN THE
ideals and the supremacy of civilian authority over PERFORMANCE OF DUTY) - the improper or
the military. The rating system as contemplated incorrect performance of an act that should be done
herein shall be based on standards prescribed by or performed;
the Commission and shall consider results of annual
physical, psychological and neuropsychiatric 4. INCOMPETENCY - lack of adequate ability and
examinations conducted on the PNP officer or fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
member concerned. duties; could be due to physical or intellectual
limitations or lack of skill;

5. OPPRESSION - Imports an act of cruelty, severity,

NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4 unlawful execution, domination or excessive use of
authority;
A resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving
the draft of the Philippine National Police Code of
6. DISHONESTY - is the concealment or distortion of 4. USE OF PROPER MEANS TO OBTAIN
truth in a matter of fact relevant to one's office or PROPER ENDS
connected
❑The policeman shall be mindful of his
with the performance of his duties responsibility to have strict selection of
methods in discharging the duty of his
7. DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT -
office.
abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the
government of the Philippines; advocating to ❑Violation of law or public safety and
overthrow the present administration; property on the part of the officer are
intrinsically wrong.
8. VIOLATION OF LAW - This presupposes conviction
in court of any crime or offense penalized under ❑If the law is to be honored, it must be
Revised Penal Code or any special law or honored first by the people who enforce it.
ordinances; and
5. COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS
9. POLICE DISCRETION - the act or the liberty to
❑The policeman shall cooperate fully with
decide according to the principles of justice and the
other public officials in the performance of
police officer’s ideas of what is right and proper
the authorized duties, regardless of party
under the circumstances.
affiliation or personal prejudices.

6. PROPER CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR

11 CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
❑The policeman shall be mindful of his
1. PRIMORDIAL POLICE RESPONSIBILITY special identification by the public as an
upholder of law. Police laxity of conduct or
The primary objective or responsibility of
manner in private life, expressing either
the police the “PREVENTION OF CRIME”.
disrespect for the law or seeking to gain
2. LIMITATION OF POLICE AUTHORITY special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in
the policeman and the police service. The
❑The police officer as an upholder of the community and the service require that the
law must know its limitation upon him in policeman leads the life of decent and
enforcing the law, thus; honorable person, following the career of
❑He must be aware of the limitations the policeman gives no special pre-
which the people, through law, placed him. requisite.

3. KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW AND OTHER 7. CONDUCT TOWARDS TO THE

RESPONSIBILITY COMMUNITY

❑The policeman shall assiduously apply ❑The policeman shall be mindful of his
himself to the principles of the laws, which responsibility to the community
he is sworn to applied. ❑He shall deal with individuals in the
❑He will make certain of his responsibilities community in the manner calculated to
in the particular field of enforcement, instill respect for its law.
seeking aid to his superiors in matters
technically or in principles are not clear to
him.
❑He shall conduct his official life in a ❑He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or
manner that it will inspire confidence and gratitude, large or small, which can be
trust. public mind, be interpreted as capable of
influencing his judgement in the discharge
❑He will be neither overbearing nor
of his duties.
subservient, as no individual citizen has no
obligation to stand in awe of him or fight to 10. IMPARTIAL PRESENTATION OF
command him. EVIDENCE

❑He will do neither from personal ❑The policeman shall be mindful of his
preference or prejudice but rather a duly responsibility to collect, analyze, and
appointed officer of the law discharging his present evidences fairly or impartially.
sworn obligation.

8. CONDUCT IN ARRESTING LAW VIOLATOR

11. ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLICE
❑Policeman shall use his power to arrest in PROFESSION
accordance with the law and with due
❑Policeman shall regard the best possible
regard to the rights of the citizen
of his duties as a public trust and recognize
concerned.
his responsibilities as public servant.
❑He shall, at all times, have a clear
❑He shall strive to make the best possible
appreciation of his responsibilities and
application of science to the selection of the
limitation regarding the detention of the
crime and in the field of human relation.
accused.
❑He shall appreciate the importance of his
❑He shall conduct himself in such a manner
office, and hold police work to be an
as will minimize the possibility of having to
honorable profession rendering valuable
use force.
service to his community.
❑He shall cultivate a dedication to the
people and the equitable upholding of the
law whether in the handling of the accused PNP BASIC ISSUES
or law-abiding citizen.
1. PNP IMAGE → the PNP shall live in
9. FIRMNESS IN REFUSING GIFTS OR accordance with the PNP Core Values and
FAVORS shall possess the following virtues:
❑Policeman representing the government A. HONOR - with high respect
bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in
his conduct, the honor and integrity of all B. INTEGRITY - the quality of being
government institution. honest and having strong moral
principles
❑He shall guard against placing himself in a
position in which the public can reasonably C. VALOR - great courage in the face
assume that special consideration is being of danger, especially in battle
given. D. JUSTICE - the quality of being fair
and reasonable
 E. HONESTY - free of deceit and ➢The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for
untruthfulness its members which the public will find credible and
respectable.
F. HUMILITY - a modest or low view
of one's own importance; ➢The public expects the police officer to live a
humbleness simple and dignified life. They must be free from
greed, corruption, and exploitation.
G. CHARITY - kindness and
tolerance in judging others 7. POLITICAL PATRONAGE

H. LOYALTY TO SERVICE ➢PNP member shall inhibit themselves from

soliciting political patronage on matters pertaining
to assignment, awarding, training and promotion.

2. CAREER MANAGEMENT

→ the PNP shall formulate and implement policies

and human resources development system for all
PNP personnel, from recruitment to retirement 8. SETTING EXAMPLE

3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP ➢All PNP members shall set good example to their
subordinates and follow good examples from their
➢The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective
superiors.
of the managerial capabilities and competent
leadership of men and women who ran the 9. HUMAN RIGHTS
organization.
➢All PNP members shall respect and protect human
➢It is therefore a “must” that these attributes be dignity and man’s rights to life, liberty, and property.
the primary basis for consideration in the selection
of personnel for employment and deployment
purpose. PNP PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
4. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE 1. COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
➢There shall be judicious and equitable distribution ➢Uniformed PNP members shall commit
of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police themselves to the democratic way of life and values
service. and maintain the principle of public accountability.
5. DELICADEZA ➢They shall at all times uphold the constitution and
be loyal to our country, people and organization,
➢In consonance with the requirements of honor
above their loyalty to any person.
and integrity in the PNP, all members must have the
moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping 2. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
with the time-honored principle of delicadeza.
➢Police officers must always uphold public interest
6. POLICE LIFESTYLE over and above personal interest.
➢They shall use public resources and properties ➢Police officers shall perform their duties with
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of dedication, thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm,
public funds. determination and manifest concern for public
welfare
3. NON-PARTISANSHIP
11. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
➢Police officers shall provide services to everyone
without discrimination regardless of political ➢Police officers shall help in the development and
affiliation in accordance with existing laws and conservation of our natural resources for ecological
regulations. balance and posterity.

4. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH 12. DISCIPLINE

➢Police officers shall strive to be physically and ➢Police officers shall conduct themselves properly
mentally fit and in good health at all times. at all times in keeping with the rules and regulations
of the organization.
5. SECRECY DISCIPLINE
13. LOYALTY
➢Police officers shall guard the confidentiality of
official information against unauthorized access and ➢Police officers must be loyal to the Constitution
disclosure. and to the police service as manifested by their
loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as
6. SOCIAL AWARENESS
well.
➢Police officers, as well as their immediate family
14. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
members shall be encouraged to actively get
involved in religious, social and civic activities to ➢Police officers shall obey lawful orders and be
enhance the image of the PNP organization. courteous to superior officers and other appropriate
authorities.
7. NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
15. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
➢Police officers shall seek self-improvement
through career development without directly or ➢Immediate commanders shall be responsible for
indirectly soliciting favors or recommendation from the effective supervision, control and direction of
politicians, high-ranking government officials and their personnel.
the like.

8. PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC

PNP ETHICAL STANDARDS
PROPERTY
1. MORALITY
➢Police officers shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public authority issued to ➢Police officers must adhere to high standards of
them for the performance of their duties. morality and decency and shall set good example for
others.
9. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
2. JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
➢Police officers shall respect and protect human
rights in the performance of their duty. ➢Police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate
use of authority and discretion in the performance
10. DEVOTION TO DUTY
of their duty.
3. INTEGRITY SALUTE

➢Police officers shall not allow themselves to be ➢The usual greeting rendered by uniformed
victims of corruption and dishonest practices. personnel upon meeting and recognizing persons
entitled to it.
4. JUSTICE
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD
➢Police officers shall strive constantly to respect the
rights of others. ➢Police officers must stand at attention and salute
the national color and standards as it passes by
5. HUMILITY
them or when the national color is raised or
➢Police officers shall recognize the fact that they lowered during ceremonies.
are public servants and not the masters of the
ADDRESS/TITLE
people.
➢Junior in rank must address senior members who
➢They should perform their duties without
are entitled to a salute with the “Sir” or “Ma’am”
arrogance.
COURTESY CALLS
➢They should recognize their own inadequacies,
inabilities and limitations as individuals. 1. COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY
ASSIGNED/APPOINTED MEMBER – PNP members
➢They should perform their duties without
who are newly-assigned or appointed to a unit or
attracting attention or expecting the applause of
command must call on the chief of the unit or
others.
command and to other key personnel for
6. ORDERLINESS accounting, orientation and other purposes.

➢Police officers shall follow logical procedures in 2. CHRISTMAS CALL - PNP members pay a Christmas
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize call on their local executives in their respective area
wasted time and resources. of responsibility.

7. PERSEVERANCE 3. NEW YEAR’S CALL - PNP members pay a New

Year’s call on their commanders and/or key officials
➢Police officers must exert all efforts to achieve in their respective area of responsibility.
their goal or mission even in the face of difficulties
and obstacles. 4. PROMOTION CALL - Newly-promoted PNP
members call on their unit head.

5. EXIT CALL - PNP members pay an exit call on their

PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS superiors in the unit or command when relieved or
CUSTOMS reassigned out of said unit or command.

➢These are established usages or social practices

carried on by tradition that have obtained the force COURTESY OF THE POST
of law.
➢ The host unit extends hospitality to visiting
CUSTOMS OF POLICE COURTESY personnel who pay respect to the command or unit
➢A manifestation or expression of consideration RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE
and respect for others.
➢ PNP members must acknowledge that different ➢The birth or institutional establishment of a
ranks carry with them corresponding privileges. command or unit is commemorated in an
anniversary ceremony.

PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES

SOCIAL DECORUM
1. FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY - PNP members honor
the flag by raising it and singing the National A set of norms and standards practiced by members
Anthem before the start of the official day’s work. during social and other functions

2. FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY - PNP members salute UNIFORM/APPEARANCE

the lowering of the flag at the end of the official
Police officers must observe the following:
day’s work.
a) wearing of prescribed uniform;
3. HALF-MAST - The flag is raised at half-mast in
deference to deceased uniformed members of the b) wearing, as part of the uniform, awards
command. and decorations earned in accordance with
the prescribed rules and regulations; and
4. FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS - Departed
uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or c) adherence to haircut prescribed by rules
former PNP members are given vigil, necro logical and regulations
services and graveside honors.

MANNER OF WALKING
CEREMONY RENDERED TO RETIREES
Every PNP officers is expected to walk with pride
In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable and dignity
service to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be
tendered in their honor.

1. HONOR CEREMONIES - Arrival and departure OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting 1. VISITING THE SICK
dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of Chief
Superintendent and above and AFP officers of ➢Immediate commanders or other available
equivalent grade. officers of the unit visit PNP members who are sick
in the hospital, their residence or any place of
2. TURN-OVER CEREMONY - The relinquishment confinement in order that their needs are attended
and assumption of command or key position is to.
publicly announced by the outgoing and incoming
officers. 2. SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE TO HEIRS OF DECEASED
MEMBERS
3. WEDDING CEREMONY
➢A until all benefits due shall have been received.
➢During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is Survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
conducted with participants in uniform and swords members die to render maximum assistance to their
drawn. bereaved family
4. ANNIVERSARY 3. VISITING RELIGIOUS LEADERS
➢PNP officers visit religious leaders in their areas of 7. DUTY - Police officers are dedicated public
assignment to establish or maintain rapport and servants who perform their tasks with a deep sense
cooperation between the different religious leaders of responsibility and self sacrifice.
and the PNP.
8. LOYALTY - Police officers are traditionally loyal to
4. ATHLETICS the organization, country and fellowmen.

➢PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities 9. CAMARADERIE - The binding spirit that enhances
to ensure that their proper physical appearance and teamwork and cooperation in the police
bearing are maintained with the waist line organization.
measurement always smaller than the size of his
chest and in conformity with the standard set forth
by the organization. POLICE DEVIANCE
5. HAPPY HOURS Includes all the activities inconsistent to the norms
of the society, values, or ethics.
➢Usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for the
occasion, PNP members gather together at their SLIPPERY SLOPE
PNP Club for a light-hearted jesting or airing of
minor gripes. Is a part of corruption continuum, wherein honest
police turn bad due to repeatedly accepting free
meals, free fare, and other similar insignificant acts
of indiscretion which leads to serious misbehavior
POLICE TRADITIONS
and finally corruption.
1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS - PNP members are
TYPES OF POLICE DEVIANCE
traditionally religious and God-loving persons. They
attend religious services together with the members 1. POLICE CORRUPTION
of their family.
CLASSIFICATION OF CORRUPT POLICE OFFICERS;
2. VALOR - Police officers sacrifice their lives and
limbs for the people they have pledged to serve ❑Grass Eaters (vegetarian cops) – police
officers who engage on minor types of
3. PATRIOTISM - Police officers manifest their love corruption.
of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag
and a vow to defend the Constitution. ❑Meat Eaters (carnivorous cops) – are
police officers who actively seek out
4. DISCIPLINE - Police officers manifest discipline by corruption opportunities and engage in
instinctive obedience to lawful orders and through both minor and major patterns of
spontaneous actions towards attainment of corruption.
organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical
and legal norms. ❑Straight Shooter – are those honest
policemen who are ready to cover and
5. GENTLEMANLINESS - Police officers are upright in conceal corrupt practices of the police
character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance department.
and sincere in their concern for their fellowmen.
❑ Rouges – hoodlums in uniforms or
6. WORD OF HONOR - Police officers stand by and “scalawags”; possess all the deviant
commit to uphold their word. behavior of a corrupt cop.
2. POLICE GRATUITY • Fox Hunting - stopping college girls to get
“I’ll anything routine”.
Gratuity is a receipt of free meals, services, or
discounts. • Voyeurism - window peeping or
interrupting lover’s lane couple.
•Mooching - When there is an implied favor
(a wink and nod). • Victim Re-contacts - consoling victims who
have psychological needs.
•Chiseling - When the officer is quite blatant
about demanding free service. • Opposite Strip Searches - touching or
having sex with female inmates.
• Shopping - Theft on items from stores
while on patrol. • Sexual Shakedowns - letting prostitute go
if they perform sexual acts.
3. POLICE PERJURY
7. SLEEPING ON DUTY
Leaving out certain pertinent pieces of information
in order to fix a criminal prosecution. •Travelling Bedroom- refers to a police car
during night shift.
DROPSY EVIDENCE - Officer testifies
untruthfully in court that he/she saw the •Hole/Coop- area where the sleeping takes
offender drop some narcotics or place.
contraband.
•Gold Bricking- the avoidance of work
TESTILYING - Lying in court. performing only the amount minimally
necessary to satisfy superiors.
4. POLICE BRUTALITY
8. DRINKING AND ABUSING DRUGS DURING DUTY-
➢Used of excessive force, name calling, sarcasm,
endless opportunity to drink liquor and abuse drugs
ridicule, and disrespect to people. (President’s
while on duty.
Commission, 1967)
9. MISUSE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION-
➢Excessive violence to an extreme degree which
involves the jeopardization of ongoing investigators
does not support legitimate police function.
by leaking information to friends, relatives, the
5. POLICE PROFANITY public, press, or in some cases, directly to criminal
suspects or their members
Abusive language that are patently offensive.

TYPES OF PROFANITY

✓Religious connotations (hell, goddamn)

✓Indicating excretory functions (shit, piss)

✓Words connected with sexual functions

(fuck)

6. SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY RELATED

• Traffic Stops - to get a closer look at a

female or information about her.
 POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS

➢The continuing process by which endeavors are

made to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the
public for effective enforcement of the law and
accomplishment of the police purposes.

HUMAN RELATIONS

➢These consist of the fundamental rules both moral

and legal which govern the relationship of men in all
aspects of life.

THREE ASPECTS OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION

1. COMMUNITY SERVICE
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR) ✓This refers to activity that provides service to the
SECTION 2 OF REPUBLIC ACT NO 6975 READS: community

SECTION 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY. — It is hereby ✓It may be in the form of medical-dental mission,
declared to be the policy of the State to promote sports clinic, feeding program, seminar, etc.
peace and order, ensure public safety and further 2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
strengthen local government capability aimed
towards the effective delivery of the basic services ✓This refers to the involvement of the community
to the citizenry through the establishment of a in the various social projects, particularly in the area
highly efficient and competent police force that is of crime prevention.
national in scope and civilian in character. Towards
3. PUBLIC RELATIONS
this end, the State shall bolster a system of
coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, ✓This refers to activities directed at creating and
local executives and the integrated law enforcement maintaining favorable impressions to the public.
and public safety agencies created under this Act.
✓It likewise refers to the projection of the police
public image to the people to gain their support and
cooperation.
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
➢The sum total of the dealings between the police
and the people it serves and whose 1) COMMUNITY SUPPORT MUST BE
MAINTAINED.
goodwill and cooperation it crave for then greatest
possible efficiency in the service. This refers to 2) COMMUNITY RESENTMENT MUST BE
reciprocal attitudes of the police and the AVOIDED.
community.
3) COMMUNITY GOODWILL MUST BE
DEVELOPED.
 4) COMMUNITY MUST BE KEPT INFORMED. the facilitation of the attainment of police
objectives.

FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-

COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1) EXTERNALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH - It is
directed towards the general public or various
enclaves within the society.

2) YOUTH-ORIENTED APPROACH - It directed the

majority of police efforts towards the youth of the
community

3) SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH - The emphasis is

given to the alleviation of social problems as the
basic objective of the program.

4) INTERNALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH - Its essential

characteristic is the realization that the officer on
beat creates community relations because “Every
officer of the organization is a police-community
relations officer”.

TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1) PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM - It is designed

to bridge the communication gap between the
police and the public

A) PERSONAL MEDIA - They consist of face-

to-face communication such as meetings,
rallies, delivering speeches and house-to-
house visitation.

B) MASS MEDIA - They include printed

matter and audio-visual communications.

2) PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM - It is designed to

maintain harmony and mutual support between the
police and the community. It is designed to “sell”
the police to the public.

3) CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM- It is designed to

maintain and encourage community development.

4) PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM- It is designed to

condition both friendly and hostile public ensuring