Literature Survey

[1] “Development of Flood Monitoring System using WSN and IoT based on Cloud :” B. Pallavi C,
Computer Science, 2017.
Using N-mote and N-gateway, sensor data such as temperature, humidity, rainfall rate and water level
can be sent to cloud and if threshold values of the environmental conditions increases, the warning
message can be received and sent to responsible authorities and people lives in a flood prone region.
The impact towards mankind Flooding is the most common natural disaster. Floods have been known
to do significant damage. There are many sophisticated system widely in practice by organizations and
responsible authorities in monitoring flood level in flood prone regions. Most of these devices are very
costly to be used and maintained. The proposed system using N-mote and N-gateway, sensor data such
as temperature, humidity, rainfall rate and water level can be sent to cloud and if threshold values of
the environmental conditions increases, the warning message can be sent to responsible authorities and
people lives in a flood prone region. Such a system enables both private and government organizations
to work on their emergency evacuation and mitigation plans for a safer move before the flood situation
get worse.

[2] “A Flood level indicator and risk warning system for remote location monitoring using Flood
Observatory System:” Siva Kumar Subramaniam, Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy, Sivarao Subramonian,
Abdul Hamid Hamidon , WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control 5 (3), 153- 163, 2010.
Flooding is a great treat towards mankind as it is also considered one of the most devastating natural
disasters in the world. Flooding is not any abnormal scenario worldwide, since flooding results in great
damages to agriculture land, residential area and even cities with high cost in lives and towards the
economy of the country. The government has to spend tons of money in flood mitigation plans in afford
to help the victims and also to reduce the number in the long run. Most of the flood mitigating plans
has high cost and only can be implemented base on priority.

Baring the cost and safety measures, this paper highlights the Flood Observatory System (FOS) as a
warning and alert system to efficiently monitor the critical flood prone areas in real time basis. FOS can
be deployed in flood prone areas in afford to create a well-used standard for remote flood observation
systems. The ability to receive real time information on flood level empowers both government and
private organizations to react to imminent danger in an effective manner. With the real time flood
information, allows public safety organizations and other emergency managers to effectively plan their
resource deployment within the limited time of alert. Warning as flood rises could be used to save life’s
and properties in many ways can help such organization and government to spend sufficient amount of
money in restoration process. The simple and practicality of a system should be useful in all means
towards mankind.
[3] “Real-time WSN based early flood detection and control monitoring system:”, Tibin Mathew
Thekkil , N. Prabakaran , Computer Science, 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,
Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 2017.
Simulation results show this real time Wireless sensor network based early flood detection and control
monitoring system designed with a function of real time monitoring, guaranteeing connectivity in low
cost. The downstream flooding from dams due to environmental disasters leads to failure of evacuation
of nearby staying peoples cause high mortality rates and casualties. It is essential to record the height
reached by the water and leak of water through the walls of dams in real time to avoid flooding and
thereby casualties. The traditional manual monitoring are discommodious and scattered nowadays. It
has also certain shortcomings that includes high cost and poor network connectivity.

This paper presents a real time Wireless sensor network based early flood detection and control
monitoring system designed with a function of real time monitoring, guaranteeing connectivity in low
cost. This system collects data as images from CMOS image sensors through wireless sensor nodes
which transmit these images to remote monitoring centre via Zigbee network and GSM network. The
remote centre will process the data by analyzing it and give necessary alert to clients. Simulation results
show this system is cost effective and reliable for early detection of flood.

[4] “An intelligent flood monitoring system for Bangladesh using wireless sensor network.:”,
S. N. Sakib, Tanjea Ane, Nafisa Matin, M. S. Kaiser, Computer Science,2016 5th International
Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV),2016.

The performance evaluation reveals that the proposed neuro-fuzzy controller-based flood monitoring
system accurately detect flood alert compared to the existing flood alert system.This paper presents a
neuro-fuzzy controller-based flood monitoring system using wireless sensor network. The distributed
sensor nodes use IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, also called low-rate wireless personal area network, to collect
the sensor information such as water level data from the river, rainfall, wind speed and air pressure data
from a selected site. In order to validate the proposed flood monitoring system, Chadpur, a flood prone
district of Bangladesh, has been considered as selected site.

The sensors information are sent to the distributed alert centre via Arduino microcontroller and the
XBee Transceivers. At the distributed alert centre, XBee Transceiver and a Raspberry Pi microcomputer
are used to generate flood alert based on sensor information and two-decade flood data and these data
are stored in a database. Sensor information are analysed by the intelligent neuro-fuzzy controller used
in Raspberry Pi microcomputer to announce the flood alerts. The wireless sensor network is connected
as mesh topology which can send signals over far distance. The performance evaluation reveals that the
proposed system accurately detects flood alert compared to the existing flood alert system.
[5] “Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using Wireless Sensor Network:”, Muhammad Fakhruddin
Samuji, Computer Science,2016.

The project will develop a system that uses a wireless sensor network which consists of a sensor,
transceiver to transmit data, and computational device to monitor and predict the flood. Flood
monitoring and alert system using wireless sensor network is a project to collect flood data in Perak
Tengah Region. The project will develop a system that uses a wireless sensor network which consists
of a sensor, transceiver to transmit data, and computational device to monitor and predict the flood.
Water level, Temperature, and Water velocity data are vital in order to predict the flood disaster. The
working principle for this mechanism begin with sensors collecting flood parameters at a specific
location, follows by the transmission of these parameters from nodes to the base station. The system
will automatically compare the measured parameter with the threshold value that we set for the
probability of flood disaster. If the measured values exceed the threshold values that are set, an alert
message will be triggered through the use of a Global System for Mobile (pallaGSM).

[6] “A New WSN Paradigm for Environmental Monitoring and Data Collection:”, Author:Eric Dines,
Hassanain Al-Majeed, Asanka Fernando, Mutaz Abdalla, Jaydeepsinh Gohil.

Data collection of environmental phenomena has traditionally been a very manual process. Even the
advent of electronic data logging instruments has not significantly reduced the workload for managing
instruments in the field. Recently however, low-cost microcontroller systems with wireless
connectivity, called wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed. With the proliferation of
low-cost sensing elements, WSNs should be transforming environmental monitoring, but certain
shortcomings in the current WSN paradigm have conspired against widespread field deployment. These
are: battery capacity limitations; specialized wireless protocols that exclude WSNs from direct
integration into existing data networks; and closed rather than open and extensible designs. In this work
we investigate the effectiveness of a new paradigm for remote data collection systems; employing
alternative power sources to significantly extend the service interval, Wi-Fi wireless communications
to simplify remote management, and open- sourced design to enable customization and extensibility.
We conduct a direct in situ comparison oh f Wi-Fi and similar ZigBee radios, evaluating signal range
and battery utilization under various sensor and radio configurations

[7] “A Review on Flood Monitoring And Prediction By Using WSN:”, Simran Chaus, Lalit
Wagh, Prathmesh Dubey, Durgesh Karpe, dr.K.C.Nalavade.

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, there are many sophisticated systems for
monitoring flood level in flood -prone regions, but the system which are already implemented are not
cost effective. The system we propose will be using Wireless Sensor Network which consists of sensors
like ultrasonic sensors and radio transmitters abfor communication between the sensors. The sensors
will sense the current level of water and sends the data to the coordinating node using ZIGBEE protocol
and the coordinating node sends the data to the cloud server over the internet, the cloud does the
computation and after computation the final results are checked with the threshold if the threshold value
is reached then the warning notifications are sent to the government authorities in the flood prone areas.
Our proposed System helps both government and private organizations to work on evacuation and
helping people to move to a safer place.
[8] “Flood Prediction and Alerting using IoT and Machine Learning:”, Manisha Devnani,Prof. Dr.
Udesang K Jaliya, Prof. Bhavesh Tanawala MTech in Software Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma
Mahavidyalaya, Anand, India.

The importance of knowing environmental conditions is undoubtedly these days.Knowledge of having

environmental conditions will help us to know better about our surroundings. Due to global warming
it has become harder to determine the type of weather around us. Thus frequent monitoring and
prediction of the weather is difficult. Thus we need proper information about the weather. Thus the
decision maker can take the appropriate decision of the weather. So the decision maker needs to develop
a system that can monitor and predict the weather in real time conditions. The Internet of Things(IoT)
is very helpful for predicting and monitoring this kind of situation. As it can work with real time data
as well as the past data that was recorded earlier. This IoT sends data through Wireless Sensor
Network(WSN) to the computational devices so that the result can be generated. Thus many have
moved from physical parameter flood prediction to real time computational monitoring. The proposed
system uses different atmospheric sensors such as humidity , temperature , pressure and rainfall. The
recorded data is stored and passed to the device and thus the result is obtained.

[9] “Flood Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Network”, Author:Abhijeet A Pasi;Uday
Bhave,2016.

Environmental monitoring using Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most challenging bustles
handled by the research community. Hence it is decisive to employ the contemporary sensing and
communication equipment to observe and identify flood incidences. Terrestrial wireless sensor
networks are subject to extensive research and development. Numerous applications take advantage of
low-cost, small-sized, easily configurable and scalable TWSN nodes to monitor, detect, and track
various environmental phenomena and events. The recent advancement in electronics and sensor
miniaturization and low power technologies enabled TWSNs to extend their reach to underwater
applications.

The role of the designed Flood Monitoring and Evasion System based on WSN is to continuously
monitor, detect and report the environment’s status to a control unit using relative water level, thrust
and intensity of water as flood indicators, whose values are gathered by sensors in the sensor field. The
flood monitoring and evasion system monitors and compute the status of floods and sends flood
notification message to the base station of such zones for necessary action. The system is composed of
three major modules which are the sensor module, observation module and the transponder module.
The developed system is stout and gives well-timed alert of flood occurrences and controls the f lood
gate to avoid flood in coastal area.