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1 ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا وال ا‬

‫اﻟﺪوال اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﻳﺘﻤﻴﺔ واﻷﺳﻴﺔ‬

(‫ ﺻﻔ ﺔ‬18 ~ ‫ )ﲤﺮﻳﻨﺎن‬1 ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴ‬
: ‫ا ر ن ا ول‬

‫ء ا ول‬ ‫ا‬

 1 − e −2 x
f ( x ) = ;x > 0
 x : " # ℝ+ ‫ا ا ا‬f
 f ( 0) = 2

ℝ+ + , f : ‫ أن‬# ) ، lim f ( x ) % &‫( أ‬1
x →+∞
−2t
2t − 2t ≤ 1 − e
2
≤ 2t : ‫ أن‬/ 0 ‫ ) ا‬، 1 − 2t ≤ e ≤ 1 : t ∈ ℝ + - ‫ أن‬# .‫( أ‬2
−2t

4
2x 2 − x 3 ≤ e −2 x + 2x − 1 ≤ 2x 2 : x ∈ ℝ + - ‫ أن‬# .‫ب‬
3
f 'd ( 0 ) = −2 : ‫ و أن‬، ‫ا‬ 3+ " ‫ ق‬5 67 # f ‫ أن‬# .‫ج‬
ϕ (x )
ϕ ( x ) = e −2 x ( 2x + 1) − 1 : 8 & ( ∀x ∈ ℝ +∗ ) f ' ( x ) = : ‫ أن‬# .‫( أ‬3
x2
f ‫ @ ول ?> ات ا ا‬AB ) ، ℝ + ϕ ‫ رة ا ا‬6‫ أدرس إ‬.‫ب‬
( )
r r
O , i , j D0 , ‫ و‬, , , " (C f ) 0C0 ‫ا‬ ‫( أر‬4

"E F ‫ء ا‬ ‫ا‬

F ( x ) = ∫ f (t )dt : "
2x
# ℝ+ ‫ ا ا ا‬F
x

(∀x ∈ ℝ )+
F ' ( x ) = 2f ( 2x ) − f ( x ) : ‫ و أن‬ℝ + ‫ ق‬5 67 # F ‫أن‬ # .‫( أ‬1
ℝ+ F ‫ ?> ات‬C0, / 0 ‫ ) ا‬، ( ∀x ∈ ℝ +∗ ) F ' ( x ) = f ( x ) × e −2 x : ‫ أن‬G5C? .‫ب‬

(∀t ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 1

0 ≤ − f (t ) ≤ e −2t : ‫ أن‬# .‫( أ‬2
t
( ∀x ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 0 ≤ ln ( 2 ) − F ( x ) ≤ (e − e −4 x ) : ‫ أن‬/ 0 ‫ ا‬.‫ب‬
1 −2 x
2
F ‫ @ ول ?> ات‬AB ) ، lim F ( x ) % &‫ أ‬.‫ج‬
x →+∞

D0 , , , , " (C F ) 0C0 ‫ا‬ ‫( أر‬3

S n = f ( n ) + f ( n + 1) + ...... + f ( 2n ) : n ∈ ℕ - AHE (4
∗

k +1+ n
( ∀k ∈{0;1;.......; n − 1}) f (k +1+ n ) ≤ ∫
k +n
f ( x ) dx ≤ f ( k + n ) : ‫ أن‬G5C? .‫أ‬

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1 ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا وال ا‬

F ( n ) + f ( 2n ) ≤ S n ≤ F ( n ) + f ( n ) : n ∈ ℕ ∗ - ‫ أن‬/ 0 ‫ ا‬.‫ب‬
I IE ‫ دا‬C, #‫ ر‬5 , ( S n )n∈ℕ∗ ‫أن ا‬ # .‫ج‬

: ‫ا رنا‬

x −1
( ∀x > 1) ; h ( x ) = ‫ و‬h (1) = 1 : " # [1, +∞[ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬h ‫ ا ا ا د‬J E
x ln x
: ‫ء ا ول‬ ‫ا‬

1" ‫ا‬ + , h ‫ أن ا ا‬# .‫( أ‬1

]1, +∞[ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ K + 0? h ‫ أن ا ا‬/ 0 ‫∀ ( ) ا‬x > 1) ;ln x < x − 1 : ‫ أن‬# .‫ب‬
h ‫ @ ول ?> ات ا ا‬AB ) lim h ( x ) % &‫ أ‬.‫( أ‬2
x →+∞

( ∀x ≥ 1) ;0 < h ( x ) ≤ 1 : ‫ أن‬/ 0 ‫ ا‬.‫ب‬

:"E F ‫ء ا‬ ‫ا‬

x2 1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) = ∫ dt ‫ و‬g (1) = ln 2 : " # [1, +∞[ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬g ‫ ا ا ا د‬J E
x t ln t
(O , i , j )
r r
D0 , , , ," g ‫ا‬ -F ‫ ا‬0C0 ‫( ا‬C ) ‫و‬
1 x2
( ∀x > 1) ; ∫
t ln t
x
dt = ln 2 ‫ ق أن‬.‫( أ‬1
x 2 t −1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫x t ln t dt : ‫ ق أن‬.‫ب‬
x t −1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫ x t ln t dt : ‫ ن أن‬.‫ج‬
( ∀x ( )
> 1) ; x − x h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ x − x h ( ) ( x ) : ‫ن أن‬ .‫( أ‬2
1 ‫" ق ! ا ن‬# $ g ‫أن ا دا‬ ‫ ا‬.‫ب‬
g (x )
lim = 0 : ‫ و أن‬lim g ( x ) = +∞ : ‫ ن أن‬.‫ج‬
x →+∞ x x →+∞

: ‫ا (زء ا ث‬

]−∞,ln 2] ‫وا (ل‬ [1, +∞[ ‫ل نا (ل‬ k : x a g (x ) − x +1 ‫ ن أن ا دا‬-1 .I

1 + g (α ) = α : ‫ث‬ ]1, +∞[ ‫ نا (ل‬α ‫و د‬ ‫أ ) و(د !دد‬ ‫ ا‬-2
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n +1 = 1 + g (u n ) ‫ و‬1 ≤ u 0 < α : ‫( ا *ر‬u n )n ≥0 ‫ا *دد‬ ‫* را‬ .II
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) 1 ≤ u n < α : ‫ن أن‬ .‫( أ‬1
. *‫ط‬$ ‫( زا د‬u n )n ≥0 ‫ن أن ا‬ .‫ب‬

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lim u n = α : ‫ر و أن‬
n →+∞
(u n )n ≥0 ‫أن ا‬ ‫ ا‬.‫ج‬
1
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n +1 − α ≤ u n − α : ‫ ن أن‬.‫( أ‬2
2
n
1
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n − α ≤   u 0 − α : ‫ ن أن‬.‫ب‬
2
lim u n = α : ‫أن‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ ا‬.‫ج‬
n →+∞

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‫ ا ر ن ا ول‬- .
‫ا (زء ا ول‬

(1
1 − e −2 x
lim f ( x ) = lim =0
x →+∞ x →+∞ x
  t = −2x 
  
 xlim 1 − e −2 x = lim 1 − e t = 1  x → +∞ 
→+∞ t →−∞
  t → −∞  :‫ن‬
  
 lim x = +∞
 x →+∞

+
: ℝ f ‫ن أن‬
ℝ +∗ f ‫ن أو أن‬
ℝ +∗ f 1 : x ֏ 1 − e −2 x •
ℝ +∗ f 2 :x ֏ x •
∀x ∈ ℝ +∗ f 2 (x ) ≠ 0 •
f1
ℝ +∗ f = : ‫إذن‬
f2
‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ f ‫ل‬ ‫درس ا‬
−2 x −2 x
1−e −1 e
lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ = lim+ 2 ×
=2
x →0 x →0 x x →0 −2 x
 h = −2 x 
e −2 x − 1 e h −1
lim = lim− = 1  x → 0+  : ‫ن‬
x →0+ −2 x h →0 h  h → 0− 
 

‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ f ‫ن‬ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ‫أن‬

x →0 +

ℝ+ f : !"
-‫( أ‬2
+
: t ∈ ℝ ‫ن‬#
−2t
U :t ֏ e − 1 + 2t ‫ ر ا دا‬$
U ' (t ) = −2e −2t + 2 = 2 ( −e −2t + 1) : ‫د‬

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∀t ∈ ℝ + U ( 0 ) ≤ U (t ) ‫ إذن‬ℝ + ‫ زا د‬U ‫د ا دا‬

∀t ∈ ℝ + 0 ≤ e −2t − 1 + 2t ‫إذن‬
∀t ∈ ℝ + 1 − 2t ≤ e −2t & ‫و‬

e −2t ≤ e 0 ‫ إذن‬−2t ≤ 0 ‫ إذن‬t ≥ 0 : ‫و د‬

∀t ∈ ℝ + e −2t ≤ 1 & ‫و‬
0 ≤ x ≤ t ‫ و‬t ∈ ℝ + ‫ن‬#
1 − 2 x ≤ e −2 x ≤ 1 : ‫( ق د‬ ‫*(ب‬

∫ (1 − 2x )dx ≤ ∫ e
t t t
−2 x
dx ≤ ∫ 1dx : ‫إذن‬
0 0 0

 −1
t

 x − x 2  ≤  e −2 x  ≤ [ x ]0
t t
: ‫إذن‬
0
2 0
−1 1
t − t 2 ≤ e −2t + ≤ t : ‫إذن‬
2 2
+ −2t
t ∈ ℝ ‫ل‬# 2t − 2t ≤ 1 − e ≤ 2t : & ‫و‬
2

0 ≤ t ≤ x ‫ و‬x ∈ ℝ + ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬

−2t
2t − 2t ≤ 1 − e
2
≤ 2t : ‫ د‬-‫(أ‬2 ‫ ا (ؤال‬, ‫*(ب‬

∫ ( 2t − 2t )dt ≤ ∫ (1 − e )dt ≤ ∫
x x x
2 −2t
2tdt : ‫إذن‬
0 0 0
x x
 2 2t 3   1 −2t  2 x
t − 3  ≤ t + 2 e  ≤ t  0 : ‫إذن‬
 0  0
2x 3 1 1
x2− ≤ x + e −2 x − ≤ x 2 : ‫إذن‬
3 2 2
4
2x 2 − x 3 ≤ e −2 x + 2x − 1 ≤ 2x 2 : x ∈ ℝ + ‫ل‬# : & ‫و‬
3

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-‫ج‬
‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ f ‫ ق‬. /‫ا‬ 0 ‫درس‬
−2 x
1−e
f ( x ) − f (0) −2
lim+ = lim+ x
x →0 x −0 x →0 x
−2 x
1− e − 2x
= lim+
x →0 x2
e −2 x + 2x − 1
= lim+ −
x →0 x2
= −2
4
2x 2 − x 3 ≤ e −2 x + 2x − 1 ≤ 2x 2 : x ∈ ℝ +∗ ‫ل‬# ‫ د‬:‫ن‬
3
4 e −2 x + 2x − 1
2− x ≤ ≤ 2 : x ∈ ℝ +∗ ‫ل‬# : ‫إذن‬
3 x2
e −2 x + 2 x − 1 4
lim+ = 2 : ‫ *(ب رھ ا درك‬: ‫ن‬ lim+ 2 − x = 2 ‫أن‬ ‫و‬
x →0 x2 x →0 3
f d ' ( 0 ) = −2 : ‫ا ن و د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ق‬. /3 0 f ‫إذن‬

-‫( أ‬3
+ +
( ℝ ∗ ‫ ق‬. /3 ‫ن‬ 0 ‫" رج دا ن‬# ) ℝ ∗ ‫ ق‬. /3 0 f ‫د ا دا‬
: x ∈ ℝ +∗ ‫ن‬#
 1 − e −2 x 
f '( x ) = '
 x 

=
(1 − e ) '× x − (1 − e ) × ( x ) '
−2 x −2 x

x2
2e −2 x × x − 1 + e −2 x
=
x2
e −2 x ( 2x + 1) − 1
=
x2
ϕ (x )
=
x2

ϕ ( x ) = e −2 x ( 2x + 1) − 1 : ‫* ث‬

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+
: ℝ ϕ ‫ رة‬/‫ درس إ‬-‫ب‬
+
: x ∈ℝ ‫ن‬#
ϕ '( x ) = (e −2 x
( 2x + 1) − 1) '
= (e −2 x ) ' ( 2x + 1) + (e −2 x ) ( 2x + 1) '+ 0
= −2e −2 x ( 2x + 1) + 2e −2 x
= 2e −2 x ( −2x − 1 + 1) = −2xe −2 x
ϕ '( x ) ≤ 0 x ∈ ℝ + ‫ل‬# : ‫د‬

0 ϕ ‫ و‬x ≥0 ‫د‬
ϕ ( x ) ≤ 0 & ‫ و‬ϕ ( x ) ≤ ϕ ( 0 ) : ‫إذن‬
ϕ (x )
f '( x ) = <0 x ∈ ℝ +∗ ‫ل‬# : : ‫و‬
x2
: f ‫ رات ا دا‬8 ‫دول‬,

(4

(Cf)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x

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‫ا (زء ا‬

F ( x ) = ∫ f (t )dt
2x
‫ن‬# F ‫ر‬$ ‫ ا دا ا‬ℝ + :
x

: ‫ د‬-‫( أ‬1
[0,+∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ f
[0,+∞[ ‫ ق‬. /3 ‫ن‬ 0 U 2 : x ֏ 2x ‫ و‬U 1 : x ֏ x
U 2 ([ 0, +∞[ ) ⊆ [ 0, +∞[ ‫ و‬U 1 ([ 0, +∞[ ) ⊆ [ 0, +∞[
[0, +∞[ ‫ ق‬. /3 0 F ‫إذن‬
+
: x ∈ℝ ‫ن‬#

F '( x ) = (∫
x
2x
f (t ) dt ' )
= ( 2x ) ' f ( 2x ) − ( x ) ' f ( x )
= 2f ( 2 x ) − f ( x )
F ' ( x ) = 2f ( 2x ) − f ( x ) x ∈ ℝ + ‫ل‬# ‫إذن‬

+
: x ∈ ℝ ∗ ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬
F '( x ) = 2f ( 2 x ) − f ( x )
1 − e −4 x 1 − e −2 x
= 2× −
2x x
−4 x −2 x
1 − e −1 + e
=
x
1 − e −2 x
= e −2 x ×
x
= e × f (x )
−2 x

( ∀x ∈ ℝ ) +
∗ F ' ( x ) = f ( x ) × e −2 x : ‫إذن‬

( ∀x ∈ ℝ ) +
∗ F '( x ) > 0 ‫ن‬ e −2 x > 0 ‫ و‬f ( x ) > 0 ‫أن‬
ℝ+ $‫ط‬0 ‫ زا د‬F ‫ا دا‬ ‫و‬

( ∀t ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 1
0 ≤ − f (t ) ≤ e −2t ‫ ن أن‬-‫( أ‬2
t
: t ∈ [1, +∞[ ‫ن‬#

1 1 1 − e −2t e −2t
− f (t ) = − = ≥0
t t t t
t ≥1 ‫د‬

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1
≤ 1 : ‫إذن‬
t
1 e −2t
− f (t ) ≤ e −2t : & ‫و‬ ≤ e −2t : ‫إذن‬
t t

( ∀t ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 0 ≤ t − f (t ) ≤ e −2t :

1
‫و‬

: x ∈ [1, +∞[ ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬

1
0 ≤ − f (t ) ≤ e −2t : ‫د‬
t
2x  1 
0 ≤ ∫  − f (t )  dt ≤ ∫ e −2t dt : ‫إذن‬
2x

x
t  x

−1
0 ≤ [ ln t ]x − F ( x ) ≤ e −2t  : ‫إذن‬
2x 2x

2 x

( ∀x ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 0 ≤ ln ( 2 ) − F ( x ) ≤ 12 (e −2x − e −4x ) : & ‫و‬

( ∀x ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 0 ≤ ln ( 2 ) − F ( x ) ≤ ( e − e −4 x )
1 −2 x
2
‫ د‬-‫ج‬

lim
x →+∞ 2
( e − e −4 x ) = 0 ‫و‬
1 −2 x

lim ( ln 2 − F ( x ) ) = 0 : ‫إذن *(ب رھ ا درك‬

x →+∞

lim F ( x ) = ln 2 : & ‫و‬

x →+∞

: F ‫ رات ا دا‬8 ‫دول‬,

(3

(CF)
0 1 2 3 4 5 x

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S n = f ( n ) + f ( n + 1) + ...... + f ( 2n ) : n ∈ ℕ ∗ ‫ن‬# (4
k + n ≤ x ≤ k + n +1 ‫ و‬0 ≤ k ≤ n −1 ‫و‬ k ∈ ℕ ‫ و‬n ∈ ℕ ∗ ‫ن‬# -‫أ‬
0 f ‫د‬
f ( k + n + 1) ≤ f ( x ) ≤ f ( k + n ) : ‫إذن‬
k + n +1 k + n +1 k + n +1
∫ f ( k + n + 1)dx ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ f ( k + n ) dx : ‫إذن‬
k +n k +n k +n
k + n +1 k + n +1 k + n +1
f ( k + n + 1) .∫ 1dx ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ f ( k + n ) .∫ 1dx : ‫إذن‬
k +n k +n k +n
k + n +1
f ( k + n + 1) .[ x ]k +n ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ f ( k + n ) .[ x ]k +n : ‫إذن‬
k + n +1 k + n +1

k +n
k +1+ n
(∀k ∈{0;1;.......; n − 1}) f (k +1+ n ) ≤ ∫
k +n
f ( x ) dx ≤ f ( k + n ) : & ‫و‬

: -‫(أ‬4 ‫ ا (ؤال‬, ‫ د *(ب‬: n ∈ ℕ ∗ ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬

k +1+ n
(∀k ∈{0;1;.......; n − 1}) f (k +1+ n ) ≤ ∫
k +n
f ( x ) dx ≤ f ( k + n )
k = n −1 k = n −1 k +1+ n k = n −1
∑ f ( k +1+ n ) ≤ ∑ ∫k +n f ( x ) dx ≤ ∑ f ( k + n ) : ‫إذن‬
k =0 k =0 k =0
k =2 n k +1
S n − f (n ) ≤ ∑ ∫k f ( x ) dx ≤ S n − f ( 2n ) : ‫إذن‬
k =n

S n − f ( n ) ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ S n − f ( 2n ) : ‫إذن‬
2n

S n − f ( n ) ≤ F ( n ) ≤ S n − f ( 2n ) : ‫إذن‬
S n ≤ F ( n ) + f ( n ) ‫ و‬F ( n ) + f ( 2n ) ≤ S n : ‫إذن‬
F ( n ) + f ( 2n ) ≤ S n ≤ F ( n ) + f ( n ) : n ∈ ℕ ∗ ‫ل‬# : & ‫و‬

F ( n ) + f ( 2n ) ≤ S n ≤ F ( n ) + f ( n ) : -‫( ب‬4 ‫ ا (ؤال‬, ‫ د *(ب‬-‫ج‬

lim F ( n ) + f ( 2n ) = ln 2 ‫ و‬lim F ( n ) + f ( n ) = ln 2 : ‫و د‬
n →+∞ n →+∞

lim S n = ln 2 ‫ ر و‬.
n →+∞
(S n )n∈ℕ ∗ : ‫إذن *(ب رھ ا درك‬

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‫ا رنا‬- .

: ‫ا (زء ا ول‬

:1 ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ h ‫ن أن ا دا‬ -‫( أ‬1

h (1) = 1 : ‫د‬
x −1 1 1
lim h ( x ) = lim = lim × =1 : ‫ود‬
x →1
x >1
x →1 x ln x
x >1
x →1 x
x >1
ln x
x −1
ln x
lim = 1 ‫ و‬lim x = 1 : ‫ن‬
x →1 x − 1 x →1
x >1 x >1

1 ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ h ‫ن ا دا‬ lim h ( x ) = h (1) : ‫أن‬

x →1
x >1

-‫ب‬
U : t ֏ ln (t ) − t + 1 : [1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬$ ‫ا‬ ‫ ر ا دا‬$
1 1−t
U ' (t ) = − 1 = : ‫د‬
t t

[1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ 0 U ‫ و‬t ≥1 : ‫د‬

( ∀t ∈ [1, +∞[ ) U (t ) ≤ U (1) : ‫إذن‬

( ∀t ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) U (t ) < U (1) : ‫إذن‬
(∀t ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) ln (t ) − t + 1 < 0 : ‫إذن‬
(∀t ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) ln (t ) < t − 1 : & ‫و‬
: x ∈ ]1, +∞[ ‫ن‬#

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 x −1 
h '( x ) = '
 x ln x 

=
( x − 1) ' x ln x − ( x − 1)( x ln x ) '
( x ln x )
2

x ln ( x ) − ( x − 1) ( ln ( x ) + 1)
=
( x ln x )
2

x ln x − x ln x − x + ln x + 1
=
( x ln x )
2

ln x − x + 1
=
( x ln x )
2

( ∀x ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) ( x ln ( x ) ) (∀x ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) ln ( x ) − x + 1 < 0 : ‫ذ‬

2
>0 ‫و‬

( ∀x ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) h '( x ) < 0 : ‫إذن‬

]1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ $‫ط‬0 0 h ‫و & ا دا‬

x −1 x −1 1
lim h ( x ) = lim = lim × =0 -‫( أ‬2
x →+∞ x →+∞ x ln x x →+∞ x ln x
1 x −1
lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim =1 : ‫ن‬
x →+∞ ln ( x ) x →+∞ x

: h ‫ رات ا دا‬8 ‫دول‬,

h ([1, +∞[ ) =  lim h ( x ) , h (1)  = ]0,1] : ‫ د‬-‫ب‬

 x →+∞ 
( ∀x ∈ [1, +∞[ ) 0 < h ( x ) ≤ 1 : ‫إذن‬

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 ‫مر‬ ‫ا‬
1 ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا وال ا‬

: ‫ا (زء ا‬

: x > 1 ‫ن‬# -‫( أ‬1

1
x2 1 x2
∫x dt = ∫ t dt
t ln t x ln t

x 2 ln' (t )
=∫ dt
x ln t
x2
=  ln ln t  x

( )
= ln ln ( x 2 ) − ln ( ln ( x ) )
= ln ( 2ln ( x ) ) − ln ( ln ( x ) )
 2ln x 
= ln  
 ln x 
= ln ( 2 )

: ‫ د‬: x > 1 ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬

x2 1 x2 1
g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫ dt − ∫ dt
x t ln t x t ln t

x2 1 1 
=∫  −  dt
x
 t ln t t ln t 
x2 t 1 
=∫  −  dt
x
 t ln t t ln t 
x2 t −1
=∫ dt
x t ln t

x2 t −1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫
x t ln t
dt : & ‫و‬

x2 t −1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫
x t ln t
dt : ‫ د‬-‫ج‬

u = t :;

t = x → u = x 
  : ‫د‬
 t = x →u = x 
2

du 1 1
dt = 2udu : ‫إذن‬ = = ‫و‬
dt 2 t 2u

13/18 Math.ma – 5/2017

 ‫مر‬ ‫ا‬
1 ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا وال ا‬

u −1
g ( x ) − ln 2
x
=∫ .2udu
x u ln (u 2 )
2

x u −1
=∫ .2udu
x u .2ln (u )
2

x u −1
=∫ du
x u ln (u )
x t −1
=∫ dt
x t ln (t )

t −1
( ∀x > 1) ; g ( x ) − ln 2 = ∫
x
dt = ∫ h (t ) dt : ‫ د‬-‫( أ‬2
x

x t ln t x

x ≤ t ≤ x ‫ و‬x > 1 ‫ن‬#

]1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ $‫ط‬0 0 ‫ ا دا‬: ‫د‬

( x ) : ‫إذن‬
h ( x ) ≤ h (t ) ≤ h

∫ h ( x )dt ≤ ∫ h (t )dt ≤ ∫ h ( x )dt : ‫إذن‬

x x x

x x x

h ( x ) ∫ dt ≤ ∫ h (t )dt ≤ h ( x ) ∫ dt : ‫إذن‬
x x x

x x x

( ∀x (
> 1) ; x − x ) h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ ( x − x ) h ( x ) : & ‫و‬

:1 ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ g ‫ ق‬. /‫ا‬ 0 ‫ درس‬-‫ب‬

g ( x ) − g (1) g ( x ) − ln 2
lim = lim
x →1
x >1
x −1 x →1
x >1
x −1

( ∀x ( )
> 1) ; x − x h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ x − x h ( ) ( x): ‫د‬

( x − x ) h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ ( x − x ) h
( ∀x > 1) ;
x −1 x −1 x −1
( x ) : ‫إذن‬
g ( x ) − ln 2
( ∀x > 1) ;
x
x +1
h (x ) ≤
x −1
≤
x
x +1
h ( x ) : ‫إذن‬

lim
x →1
x >1
x
x +1
h ( x ) = 12 ‫ و‬lim
x →1
x >1
x
x +1
1
h (x ) = : ‫ذ‬
2

g ( x ) − g (1) 1
lim = : ‫إذن *(ب رھ ا درك‬
x →1
x >1 x −1 2

14/18 Math.ma – 5/2017

 ‫مر‬ ‫ا‬
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1
g d' (1) = : ‫و د‬1 ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ق‬. /! 0 g ‫و & ا دا‬
2
-‫ج‬
( ∀x ( )
> 1) ; x − x h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 : ‫د‬

( ∀x ( )
> 1) ;ln 2 + x − x h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) : ‫إذن‬

( ∀x (
> 1) ;ln 2 + x − x ) xx ln−x1 ≤ g ( x ) : ‫إذن‬
1
 1  1− x
( ∀x > 1) ;ln 2 + 1 −  ln x ≤ g ( x ) : ‫إذن‬
 x  
 
 x 
1
 1  1− x
lim g ( x ) = +∞ & ‫ و‬lim ln 2 +  1 −  = +∞ : ‫ذ‬
x →+∞ x →+∞
 x   ln x 
 
 x 
( ∀x ( )
> 1) ; x − x h ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ x − x h ( ) ( x) : ‫د‬

( ∀x (
> 1) ; x − x ) xx ln− x1 ≤ g ( x ) − ln 2 ≤ ( x − x ) x −1
: ‫إذن‬
x ln ( x)
ln 2  1  x −1 1 g ( x ) ln 2  1  1  1
( ∀x > 1) ; + 1 − × ≤ ≤ + 1 − 1− : ‫إذن‬
x 

x  x ln x x x 

x 

x  ln x ( )
ln 2  1  1  1 ln 2  1  x −1 1
+ 1 − 1− = 0 ‫ و‬lim + 1 − × = 0: ‫د‬
( )
lim   
x →+∞ x
 x  x  ln x x →+∞ x
 x  x ln x

g (x )
lim = 0 : ‫إذن *(ب رھ ا درك‬
x →+∞ x

: ‫ا (زء ا ث‬

.I
k : x a g ( x ) − x + 1 ‫ ر ا دا‬$ (1
[1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ k

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 ‫مر‬ ‫ا‬
1 ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا وال ا‬

k '( x ) = g '(x ) − 1
 x2 1 
=∫ dt  '− 1
 x t ln t 

= ( x 2 ) '×
1 1
− ( x ) '× −1
x ln ( x )
2 2
x ln ( x )
1 1
= 2x × − −1
2x ln x x ln x
1 1
= − −1
ln x x ln x
x −1
= −1
x ln x
1 x −1
= × −1
2 x ln x ( )
= h ( x ) −1
1
2

0<h ( x ) ≤1 : ‫د‬
0 < h ( x ) ≤ : ‫إذن‬
1 1
2 2
1
2
h ( x ) − 1 ≤ −21 < 0 : ‫إذن‬
k '( x ) < 0 : & ‫و‬

[1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ $‫ط‬0 0 k ‫و‬

k ([1, +∞[ ) ‫[ *و‬1, +∞[ ‫ ل ن‬. k ‫ن‬ [1, +∞[ ‫ل‬, ‫ا‬ $‫ط‬0 0 ‫و‬ k ‫أن‬

k ([1, +∞[ ) =  lim k ( x ) , k (1)  = ]−∞,ln 2] : ‫* ث‬

 x →+∞ 
k ([1, +∞[ ) = ]−∞,ln 2] ‫[ *و‬1, +∞[ ‫ ل ن‬. k : ‫( د‬2
k (α ) = 0 : ‫ و* د * ث‬α ‫د‬,‫& و‬ 0 ∈ k ([1, +∞[ ) = ]−∞,ln 2] ‫أن‬ ‫و‬
g (α ) − α + 1 = 0 : ‫ و* د * ث‬α ‫د‬,‫إذن و‬
1 + g (α ) = α : ‫ و* د * ث‬α ‫د‬,‫و & و‬

( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n +1 = 1 + g (u n ) ‫ و‬1 ≤ u0 < α : ‫د‬ .II

( ∀n ≥ 0 ) 1 ≤ u n < α : ‫ أن‬:,‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ -‫( أ‬1
1 ≤ u 0 < α : ‫ د‬: n = 0 ‫ل‬,‫ن أ‬
n ∈ ℕ ‫ن‬#

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1 ≤ u n < α ‫رض أن‬ •

1 ≤ u n +1 < α ‫و ن أن‬ •
1 ≤ u n < α ‫ و *(ب ا= راض‬$‫ط‬0 ‫ زا د‬g ‫د‬
g (1) ≤ g (u n ) < g (α ) : ‫إذن‬
1 + g (1) ≤ 1 + g (u n ) < 1 + g (α ) : ‫إذن‬
1 ≤ 1 + ln 2 ≤ u n +1 < α : ‫إذن‬
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) 1≤ un < α : > (

n ∈ ℕ ‫ن‬# -‫ب‬
u n +1 − u n = 1 + g (u n ) − u n = k (u n )
$‫ط‬0 0 k ‫ و ا دا‬1 ≤ u n < α ‫ (ؤال ا ( ق‬, ‫د *(ب‬
k (α ) < k (u n ) ≤ k (1) ‫إذن‬
( k (α ) = 0 ‫) ن‬ 0 < k (u n ) : ‫إذن‬
ℕ ‫ ن‬n ‫ل‬# 0 < u n +1 − u n ‫إذن‬
$‫ط‬0 ‫( زا د‬u n ) n ≥0 ‫و &ا‬

-‫ج‬
‫ر‬. ? ‫ ورة‬# ‫( زا د و‬u n )n ≥0 ‫أن‬
( ϕ '( x ) = g '( x ) > 0 ) ϕ : x a 1 + g ( x ) ‫ ر ا دا‬$

 u 0 ∈ [1,α ]
 : ‫د‬
u n +1 = ϕ (u n ) n ∈ ℕ
[1,α ] ‫ ل‬, ‫ا‬ ϕ •
ϕ ([1,α ]) = ϕ (1) ,ϕ (α )  = [1 + ln 2,α ] ⊂ [1,α ] •
‫ ر‬. (u n )n ≥0 •
ϕ ( x ) = x ‫ د‬$ ‫( ھ *ل‬u n ) n ≥0 ? ‫إذن‬
ϕ (x ) = x ⇔ 1+ g (x ) = x
⇔ x =α
lim u n = α : & ‫و‬
n →+∞

n ∈ ℕ ‫ن‬# -‫( أ‬2

[u n ,α ] ‫ ل‬, ‫ا‬ ϕ
]u n ,α [ ‫ ل‬, ‫ا‬ ‫ ق‬. /3 0ϕ
: ‫] * ث‬u n ,α [ ‫ ن‬c n ‫د‬,‫و‬ ? ‫إذن *(ب رھ ا زا دات ا‬

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 ‫مر‬ ‫ا‬
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ϕ (u n ) − ϕ (α ) = ϕ ' (c n ) .(u n − α )
ϕ (u n ) − ϕ (α ) = g ' (c n ) .(u n − α ) : ‫إذن‬
ϕ (u n ) − ϕ (α ) = g ' (c n ) . u n − α : ‫إذن‬
1
u n +1 − α = g ' (c n ) . u n − α ≤ . u n − α : ‫إذن‬
2
1
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n +1 − α ≤ u n − α : & ‫و‬
2

-‫ب‬
0
1
u0 −α ≤   .u0 −α ‫ د‬: n = 0 ‫ل‬,‫ن أ‬
2
: n ∈ ℕ ‫ن‬#
n
1
u n − α ≤   u 0 − α ‫رض أن‬ •
 2
n +1
1
u n +1 − α ≤   u 0 − α ‫و ن أن‬ •
2
1
(a ) u n +1 − α ≤ u n − α : ‫ ا (ؤال ا ( ق‬, ‫د *(ب‬
2
n
1
u n − α ≤   u 0 − α ‫و *(ب ا= راض‬
2
n +1
1 1
(b ) un −α ≤   u 0 − α : ‫إذن‬
2 2
n +1
1
u n +1 − α ≤   u 0 − α : > ( (b ) ‫( و‬a ) ‫ن‬
2
n
1
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) un −α ≤   u0 −α : > (
 2

n
1
( ∀n ≥ 0 ) u n − α ≤   u 0 − α : ‫ ا (ؤال ا ( ق‬, ‫ د *(ب‬-‫ج‬
 2
n
1 1
( −1 < <1 : ‫) ن‬ lim   u 0 − α = 0 ‫و‬
2  
n →+∞ 2

. lim u n = α : & ‫ و‬lim u n − α = 0 ‫إذن‬

n →+∞ n →+∞

つづく

18/18 Math.ma – 5/2017