Explain the role of the employer and employee in regard to Occupational Health and Safety

(OH&S) regulations, Worksite Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS), fire

regulations, Workers Compensation Board regulations, and related advisory bodies and
agencies.

Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

The Employer - An employer is a business, a corporation, a government agency, or an
individual who hires one or more people to work for them.

→ Ensures workers knows how to work safely.

→ Ensures staff are properly trained and are aware of their responsibilities and duties.
→ Examine the risk or hazards in the workplace and implement policies to control or
eliminate any hazards or possible hazards that have been identified.
→ Health and safety policies must be in place to ensure a safe working environment,
as well as practices and guidelines to ensure that these policies are implemented.
→ Employees who operate with equipment that requires specific data must be trained,
and a copy of that data must be available for inspection at work.

The Employee - Employees, like employers, are obligated to adhere to the Occupational
Health and Safety Act, ensuring collaboration and safety standards to protect their
health and well-being.

→ Employees must collaborate with their bosses and adhere to the health and
safety standards in place to safeguard them.
→ Ensure his and others' health and safety at the workplace
→ Any harmful health and safety circumstances or practices in the workplace
must be reported to his employer.
→ All injuries must be reported right away.
→ To utilize the PPE given for the job properly and inspect it for any damage.
→ Before using PPE, machinery, equipment, and tools, inspect them and notify the supervisor
or person in charge of any malfunctioning or damaged equipment.
→ Attend all mandatory safety meetings.
→ Follow any safety or emergency protocols that have been established for
your workplace or task site.
→ Refusal to work if he feels unsafe or believes he or his coworkers are in
danger.
 Worksite Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS)

→ Protects and ensures the workplace safety of employees and employers. It warns
employers and workers about the dangers and hazards of chemicals and hazardous substances
in the workplace or on the job.

→ This is accomplished using symbols on storage containers for chemicals and hazardous
substances, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and personnel training.
 Employees must get WHMIS training on the following topics from the employer:

What is the objective of WHMIS (generic information) in the workplace?

How to read MSDSs, workplace labels, supplier labels, and the importance.
How to store and handle chemicals in the workplace correctly.
How should dangerous chemicals in the workplace be disposed of?
How to clean up spills and leaks properly.
How to understand different color codes and other types of workplace identification that
aren't labeled.
How to utilize the WHMIS knowledge gained during training in the workplace.

The following are the responsibilities of the employees:

Attending all WHMIS (Welfare, Health, and Industrial Safety) training sessions • Use the
knowledge you've obtained to safeguard and ensure your own and others' safety.
Use the knowledge you've gathered to create workplace labels as needed.
Follow safe work procedures and understand why they are necessary.

Fire Regulations
Employers are responsible for:
Identify any potential workplace hazards that may or may not contribute to a fire or
explosion.
Post warning signs to alert workers or visitors where flammable or combustible substances
are present. The area can also be made off-limits to anyone who does not have permission
from management.
To avoid any fires, provide personnel with instruction on how to properly handle flammable
and combustible material
Combustible liquids should be stored in authorized storage containers manufactured after
July 1, 2009. These containers must be approved by governing safety organization.
Employers should have a plan in place to cope with emergency situations and evacuations.
This plan must be reviewed on a regular basis and, if necessary, modified. (A change in
working circumstances or on the job site.)

Workers Compensation Board (WCB)

Employers are required by law to pay for workers’ compensation insurance, hence the WCB
is funded by employers. WCB compensates employees for lost wages, medical costs, and
other expenses incurred because of a work-related injury, illness, or disease.

When an injury occurs, both the employer and the employees have the following
responsibilities and obligations:
Notify your employer about the type (details) of your injury.
Notify your health-care provider of the location of your injuries (work)
All paperwork should be submitted to the appropriate authorities.

The following are the employer's responsibilities and obligations:

Expenses for transportation to a medical facility are covered.
Reimburse the employee for the day of the accident.
Notify WCB within 72 hours of accident.
Report injury causing lost time, death, or disability.
Report medical treatment, disabling condition caused by job activity.

Hazard Assessment and Control

2. Explain industry practices for hazard assessment and control procedures.

Employer's Responsibilities
Before you start working, your company must inspect your work site and identify any current
or prospective dangers. This must also be done when a new job site is established, as well as
if site circumstances, activities, or processes change.
Employers are required by the OHS code to involve the employees in hazard identification
and assessment. The employees must also be involved in the control process and elimination
process.
The employer is responsible for ensuring that employees have the proper personal protective
equipment (PPE) for the job.
Fo
r
ex
am
ple
:
→
Sa
fet
y
bo
ots
→ Safety glasses
→ Hearing protection
→ Safety glasses, and so on, or a combination of all three when appropriate.

Employees Responsibility in Hazard Assessment

Employees must also be aware of their responsibilities, health and safety regulations
and policies. Simple precautions can be taken by employees to assist prevent
accidents and mishaps.
Identify hazards in the workplace
Evaluate the risk of the hazards identified
Create control measures for the hazard/risk
All of the above must be done by the employee to ensure working safely.

→ Job Hazard Assessment- A job hazard analysis/assessment is a technique that focuses

on job tasks to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between
the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment.
 Effective Hazard Control and Prevention

Involve workers in understanding hazards and control options.

Use a "hierarchy of controls" for control options.

Implement a hazard control plan for control selection and implementation.

Develop plans for worker protection during emergencies and nonroutine activities.

Evaluate existing controls and review new technologies for potential improvements.
 The five main tools for assessing and controlling work site hazards are:

Hazard assessment reports.

Checklists.
Health and safety plans.
Emergency response plans.
First aid records and incident reports.

Emergency Response Plans

3. Describe the responsibilities of workers and employers to apply emergency procedures.
 The following are some of the employer's responsibilities:

An emergency response plan must be in place for the organization.

The employer must enlist the employee's help in developing the strategy and assessing
workplace risks and hazards.
All staff selected to respond to any crises must be trained by the business.
PPE must be provided by the company to the selected employees.
 First Aid
Employees are required under the OHS code to disclose any illness or injury at work to their
employer as soon as feasible.
All illnesses and injuries in the workplace must be recorded by the employer, which must be
kept in a secure location and only viewed by authorized staff.
Only adequately trained staff can provide first aid services.
Staff must have completed and show proof of first-aid training from an accredited institution.
First-aid services, supplies, and equipment must be provided on job sites.
Materials and equipment must be stored securely and accessible during all working hours.

4. Describe positive tradesperson attitudes with respect to housekeeping, personal protective

equipment and emergency procedures.

The Impact of Positive Attitude

Workplace Safety Importance

Safety and safe working practices are learnt behaviors.
Attitude is the key factor in workplace safety.
Open, healthy safety attitude reduces risk of work-related injuries or illnesses.
Everyone on the job site should follow safe work practices.
Positive attitude creates a safe environment.
A positive attitude towards avoiding accidents benefits everyone.
Accountability for safety of all workers.
Detecting potential risks, dangerous work practices, and poor judgment.
Notifying employers of unsafe conditions.
Proactive safety measures, use of safety equipment, and avoidance of hazardous situations.

Housekeeping

Workplace Housekeeping Overview

Cleaning the workspace or job site is a crucial part of housekeeping.

Employers are required to ensure a safe and clean workplace according to OHS code.

Proper precautions are necessary to maintain a clean environment.

Maintaining a tidy workspace is essential during and after job completion.

5. Describe the roles and responsibilities of employers and employees with respect to the
selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

PPE Requirements
Employer Responsibilities

The employer is responsible for identifying hazards and providing the necessary PPE. They
must also ensure that all personnel always utilize and wear PPE appropriately.

Employee Responsibilities

Use and wear personal protective equipment (PPE) as needed.

Because adequate PPE does not remove risk/hazards in the job, be aware of its limitations.
You are in charge of inspecting the PPE you use. OHS Regulation requires you to notify your
employer if you discover any item or piece of equipment in a condition that deems it unfit for
use.
In no way alter or modify the PPE provided.

→ PPE is divided into two types:

Basic - Hard helmets, safety gear, and proper clothes are examples of basic PPE that should
be always worn.
Specialized - PPE for certain jobs or risks is referred to as specialized. Safety eyewear,
hearing protection, respiratory protective equipment, skin protection, and specific clothes are
examples of protective equipment.

Eye Protection in Work Environments

Importance of safety glasses, goggles, face shields.

Provides limited protection against eye injuries.

Protects against impact, splash, and radiation hazards.

Designed to prevent eye injuries when other controls are ineffective.

 Safety Footwear

This is standard personal protective equipment and is required in most organizations. Most
safety boots meet CSA standard Z195-M92.
Safety-toed boots provide reasonable foot protection and are necessary when working in
automotive shops.
They protect against compression, puncture and impact injury hazards.

6. Select, use and maintain specialized PPE for climbing, lifting and load moving equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment for Climbing

Specifies standards for PPE in height work.
Provides information for employee and employer.
Ensures safety from injury.
Workers operating in environments with potential falls of three or more meters must have a
fall protection plan.
Fall protection devices are required for high-risk situations like operating machinery or above
moving water.

Personal Protective Equipment for Lifting

Employer must provide equipment for lifting, lowering, carrying, pushing, pulling, or
dragging goods.
Employer must teach safe operation of equipment before provision

The training must include:

how to select the appropriate equipment for the situation;

the limitations of the equipment;
a pre-use inspection;
step by step instructions on how to use the equipment;
specific skills required by the manufacturer to operate the equipment;
basic care and maintenance of the equipment;
the method for loading or unloading the equipment if that is part of the job; and hazards that
result from the operation of the equipment.
 Load Moving Equipment
Involves lifting, transporting, or transferring equipment and goods.
Can result in musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) if incorrectly performed.
Can affect bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and other soft tissues.

Employer's Work Plan Development

Gathers information for limiting manual material handling.
Reduces injuries from large loads.
Reduces injury time.
Prevents product and material damage.
Employer must conduct hazard assessment for manual materials handling activities.
Identifies hazards associated with lifting and carrying loads.
Factors considered in the hazard assessment: load weight, size, shape, number of loads
moved, and load moving technique.

7. Describe manual lifting procedures using correct body mechanics.

General Procedures for Lifting

Assess load and organize motions.

Inform others about lifting process.
Move near the load.
Use legs for lifting.
Position feet shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly ahead.
Point foot slightly ahead in lifting direction.
Squat down with bending knees and straight back.
Avoid knee contact with ground.
Maintain firm grasp on load.
Reach down without bending back.
Maintain straight back with shoulders, buttocks, and back.
Raise up, relying on legs.
Keep load near midsection and waist level.
Direct forward foot after lifting to reduce twisting.
Hold object to avoid muscle strain.
Avoid bending back parallel to floor or ground, stretching arms, and straightening back.
This method doesn't involve leg muscles and puts extra stress on lower back.
Bend knees and maintain straight back.
Ensure burden is close to body before using legs.

8. Describe rigging hardware and the safety factor associated with each item.

Rigging Hardware
Hardware components for cargo attachment to hoisting or lifting devices.
Calculation of load's weight, center of gravity, start/end locations.
Selection of lifting equipment and appropriate load attachment procedure.

Slings
Slings are physical components for cargo attachment.
They come in various forms, configurations, and materials.
Specific features of each material determine sling suitability for different lifts.

Common Sling Types:

Synthetic Fibre Web Slings
Wire Rope Slings
Chain slings

→ Wire Rope Slings Safety Factor

 A margin of safety, often known as a safety factor, is used to protect against wire rope
breaking during a lift. This adds an extra layer of protection, reducing danger and
preventing rope failure.

→ Chain Slings Safety Factor

A comparison of a chain's minimal ultimate load and working load limit is known as
the chain safety factor.

→ Synthetic Fiber Web Slings (No Safety Factor) •

Made of man-made fibers like nylon or polyester.
Spins into threads, braided into a belt or rope.
Cut to length, shaped into a sling in various designs.
Name and configuration determined by end fittings, eye production method, and sling
attachment method.

9. Describe hoisting and load moving procedures.

→ Hoisting - to lift something heavy, sometimes using ropes or a machine

Load Lifting Safety and OHS Code

Loads vary in shape, size, weight, and materials.

Safe and effective lifts require knowledge of load attachment and weight transport.
OHS Code outlines safety criteria for mobile cranes, boom trucks, and tower cranes with
2000 kilos capacity.

Company responsible for ensuring competence of operators operating lifting devices.

10. Describe the roles, responsibilities features and practices related to the workplace
hazardous materials information system (WHMIS) program.

What is WHMIS?
The Workplace Hazardous Products Information System (WHMIS) is a program that ensures
you have all the information you need to work safely with hazardous materials that are
utilized, stored, or manufactured at your place of business. This knowledge will assist you in
working in a potentially hazardous workplace safely.

Who is Regulated?
Suppliers and users governed by WHMIS.
Federal level: Hazardous Products Act and Controlled Products Regulation.
Employers governed by provincial or country-specific laws.

WHMIS Responsibilities

Ensure awareness of hazardous materials.

Ensure precautions are taken.

Ensure suppliers, employers, and employees understand dangers.

Suppliers’ Responsibilities
Manufacturers, distributors, and importers of restricted items are examples of
suppliers.

As a condition of sale, the provider is required to:

classify controlled products,
label controlled products and
provide a Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

→ Supplier Label
A label with a hatched border, containing the following information must be attached
to the product container:
supplier identifier
hazardous symbol(s)
statement that an MSDS is available,
risk phrase(s)
precautionary statement(s)
product identifier
first aid measure(s)

Employer’s Responsibilities

→ MSDS Compliance at Work

Company must provide MSDS for controlled products.

Employer must communicate jobsite chemical dangers to all employees.
MSDSs provide more detailed information than labels.
MSDSs must always be accessible.

The employer must ensure that:

An appropriate supplier or workplace label is on every container of a controlled product.
MSDS sheets are easily available.
Workers are taught how to recognize a hazard and how to use the safe handling information
offered.

Employee’s Responsibilities

participate in WHMIS training,

use information obtained to protect yourself and others,
prepare and apply workplace labels where and when required and
report where labels have become detached, damaged or unreadable
 WHMIS System Classification of Chemicals

→ Groups similar chemicals using classes.

→ Standard symbols denote classifications.
→ Six classifications, some with sub-categories.

When working with Class A materials:

handle with care, do not drop

keep the cylinder away from potential heat sources,
store containers in the designated area
check for leaks
Separately store incompatible items.
Ensure that cylinders are kept upright during usage, storage, and transit.

11. Describe the three key elements of WHMIS.

The three key objectives of WHMIS are:

worker education,
product labelling and
material safety data sheets (MSDS).

Worker Education

It is your employer's responsibility to provide job-specific training. Labeling, MSDS, and

other identifiers training.

→ The following information must be provided:

The label content and meaning
MSDS content and meaning
identifying purposes
identification's relevance
Identification locations and methods
 Product Labelling
Three methods of hazardous product identification are required by WHMIS.

→ They are as follows:

supplie
r
labels,
•
workpl
ace
labels
and •
other
means.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Suppliers must provide a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each controlled product.
MSDS aims to explain potential dangers.

MSDS contains more information than a label can represent.

MSDS must be easily accessible to all personnel.

Blank spaces and N/A signs are prohibited.

MSDS must be current, no older than three years.

12. Describe handling, storing and transporting procedures when dealing with hazardous
material.

Handling Hazardous Materials

The Occupational Health and Safety Act

Mandates protection against airborne or skin contact with hazardous materials.

Precautions include engineering devices like ventilation systems and personal protective
equipment.
 Handling, Storing and Transporting Flammable Liquids
Ensure flammable liquids are transferred securely by
eliminating ignition sources like tobacco smoking,
sparks, welding, and static electricity, which can be
prevented by grounding so that the electrical charge is
discharged without causing a spark.

Handling, Storing and Transporting Compressed Gas

Compressed gas containers must adhere to manufacturer's specifications and the Occupational
Health and Safety Code, ensuring proper use, storage, and transportation of pipes, fittings, and
connections.
Gas cylinders for welding or accumulator charge should be upright, attached to a wall or
storage container, and have a valve cover placed when not connected to the system regulator.
Secure containers and adequate ventilation are crucial for retaining fluids or gases in vehicles,
preventing dislodgment in accidents and preventing the transportation of compressed gases or
flammable liquids.

13. Describe safe venting procedures when working with hazardous materials.

Safety Requirements for Ventilation Systems

Occupational Health and Safety Code: Ventilation Systems Standards →

Applies to workplaces with mechanical ventilation. → Limits worker
exposure to harmful substances.

Mechanical ventilation system controls worker exposure to:

an airborne contaminant
a biological contaminant
potentially hazardous dust, fumes, gas or other particulate of a kind
a mixture of gases, vapours, liquids, or solids that is combustible
an environment with less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume or more than 23 percent
oxygen by volume

Workplace Hazard Management Guidelines

Assess workplace risks and identify hazardous materials.

Provide employees with comprehensive training on hazardous materials.
Expand safety consultation and procedures beyond legal requirements.
Plan for potential hazards and prepare for emergencies.
Train employees on first-aid skills and how to respond to co-workers.
Use proper personal protection equipment (PPE) and regularly inspect it.
Ensure all hazardous materials are properly marked and stored appropriately.
Store chemicals in dry, cool, and ventilated areas.
Keep work areas clean and free from items causing trips, falls, or spills.
Use hazardous materials only for their intended purposes.
Never eat or drink while handling hazardous materials.
Read labels and have safety data sheets (SDS) available before using any materials.
Report any concerns about damaged containers or potential leaks.

14. Describe fire hazards, classes, procedures and equipment related to fire protection.

Elements of a Fire

The fire triangle shows that to start a fire, three ingredients are required:

fuel,
air
ignition

→ A fire generates its own heat once it is started and will continue to burn as long as fuel and
oxygen are available.
 Classes of Fire
Fire Classification in Workplace

Classification based on burning fuel type.

Five types of fires: fires, extinguishers, and safety.

Fire extinguishers vary in effectiveness and safety.

The PASS Method

Using a portable fire extinguisher correctly is simple if you remember the acronym PASS,
which stands for:
Pull the pin.
Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the bottom of the flames.
Squeeze the extinguisher handle while holding it upright.
Sweep move the extinguisher nozzle from right to left, spraying the fire with the
extinguishing agent.

Never put out a fire if the following conditions exist:

A fire could obstruct your exit.

There isn't enough equipment to put out the fire,
The fire has spread beyond its original location.
extinguisher's extinguishing agent has run out or • The fire extinguisher isn't working.

15. Name standard terms and units of measure for components and operations.
 Tools

Measurements

Common Measurement Terms

The following terms should also be recognizable to you:

Length, volume and capacity, mass and weight, force, work and torque, power, pressure,
velocity, energy, heat, temperature.
Metric Measurements

Imperial Measurements

Common Conversions
 Mechanical Advantage (MA)
The mechanical advantage (MA) of a machine or system is the ratio of the output force to the
input force. It can also be used to express the ratio of output movement (distance) to the
amount of data input to a device.

→ You can calculate MA in different ways. The formulas for determining MA are as
follows:

MA = Output force / Input force

MA = Input distance / Output distance
MA = Effort arm length / Reaction arm length
MA = Output area / Input area

Mechanical Advantage (MA) in Gears

MA = Input speed / Output speed
MA = Output torque / Input torque
A gear ratio of 2.75:1 means that the output gear revolves once for every 2.75 revolutions of
the input gear. You invert the ratio for torque because what you gain or lose in speed
generates an equivalent loss or gain in torque.

16. Convert numbers between decimals and fractions.

Practical Conversions

→ Convert 0.270 to a fraction. 0.270 ×64 =17.28

The number you are left with (17.28 in the example) is the numerator in your fraction.
Since the smallest fractional measurement in the automotive trade is generally 1 /64 (such as
for drill bit graduations),
use 64 as the multiplier and reduce the result to its simplest form

17. Describe the use of other retaining devices (e.g. snap rings, set screws).

Snap Rings
Snap Ring in Automotive Applications

Fits into shaft groove to hold bearings, gears.

Manufactured from spring steel for high shear strength and impact resistance.

External Snap Rings

External Snap Rings Overview

Designed with plain sharp points or shaped ends.

Accept pin-type snap ring pliers.

Often called circlips for smaller applications.

Internal Snap Rings

Internal Snap Rings in Housing

Retains cylindrical components.

Allows compression for removal and replacement.

Linkage Clips
Attach pivot points of different linkages for movement or rotation.
Small-scale snap rings fit into small grooves in shafts or rods.

Complex configurations snap around the rod itself.

Friction clips have sharp edges that bite into shaft surface without requiring groove.
Some designs use plastic inserts snapping into holes in members.
These are meant for single use only as retainer ridge is damaged upon removal.

Keys
Keys in Gear Mation

Hub or gear mated with shaft.

Keyway groove accepts key.

Matching groove, key seat, accepts other key part.

Types of Keys
Square and flat keys used for driving force and alignment.

Cut to length from long key stock.

Woodruff Keys Overview

Used for light applications.

Purchased in finished form.

Identified by diameter and width.

Direct installation possible.

Splines
Splines in Components

External grooves and lands machined on shafts.

Match internal grooves and lands.

Create stronger, positive connection for high torque transfer.

Allow for axial shaft movement.
→ Splines may be fine or coarse, and cut straight or spiral. Splines also vary a great deal
in terms of tooth size and shape.

Cotter Pins
Used to secure fasteners.

Placed through hole to join nut to shaft.

Split ends allow bent ends.

Compatible with castle nuts, slotted hexagon nuts, or clevis pins.

Solid and Hollow Pins

Solid pins fit securely in drilled holes in components and shafts.

Tapered ends require removal from small end.

Reusable due to hole geometry.

Many require drilling.

Use drill bit matching pin's nominal size.

Made of spring steel for tight fit in holes.

Can be reused if not damaged upon removal.

Can be single-layered or rolled in multi-layered configuration.

Dowel Pins
Made of mild or hardened steel.

Ground to precise size.

Needs slight interference fit with reamed hole.

Used in pairs to align parts during assembly.

Position parts with screws or bolts.

Used in clutch housings, cylinder heads, transaxle shift covers, etc.

18. Describe tools and procedures used for plastic trim fasteners.

Plastic Trim Fasteners

Secure panels on interior and exterior of vehicles.

Exterior uses include grilles, fender liners, and engine covers.

Interior uses include door panels, dash panels, and headliners.

Careful removal of interior trim requires following manufacturer's procedures and proper
tools.

19. Describe the characteristics of and handling procedures for oxygen and acetylene.

Oxyacetylene Heating and Cutting

Oxygen is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

99.5% pure oxygen used in oxyacetylene equipment.

Potential danger due to high combustion speed.

Exposure to pure oxygen can cause explosions without flame or spark.

Oxygen Storage Overview

Stored in compressed pure gas form.
Stored in seamless steel plates at 2200psi and 700 oF.
Standard size is 244 cu. Ft.
Bottle top diameter resembles lead in a pencil.
Equipped with a bronze high-pressure valve.
Valve should be open to prevent leaks under high pressure.
The orifice at the top of the bottle is the diameter of the lead in a pencil (if the bottle top is
damaged, the bottle can become a projectile causing injury or property damage).
 Oxygen Cylinder Valve
Right-hand (RH) thread on valve.

Safety disc for venting excess pressure over 22 MPa (3200 psi).

When disc ruptures, cylinder exhausts through controlled outlet.

Oxygen Cylinder Valve Seals

Prevents oxygen flow from cylinder valve closure.

Prevents leakage around valve stem when valve is fully open.

Acetylene
Acetylene: A Flammable Gas

Colourless, odourless gas with a garlic-like odor due to impurities.

Smell detectable at 1% concentration in air.

Highly unstable, sensitive to compression, heating, or severe shock.

Explosive decomposition reaction possible at pressure above 193 kPa at 21oC (70oF)

Acetylene Explosion Overview

Wide flammability range: 2.5%-81%.

Easy to ignite and fast burn rate.

Static charge from torch tip can ignite if spark is created.

Fast burn rate increases pressure in confined spaces, causing violent explosions.

Acetylene Explosiveness

Critical pressure points lower with gas temperature increase.

Leaking acetylene equipment creates explosive environment.

Maximum safe working pressure: 105 kPa (15 psi).

All acetylene and air mixtures potentially explosive.

Acetylene Tank Valves

Two common types of acetylene cylinders use two different types of valves.

The most common style of cylinder appears similar to an oxygen cylinder with a hand-wheel
operated valve, and a removable threaded cap to protect the valve during storage and
transport.

Other Style of Cylinder

Recessed top provides valve protection.

No protective cap over valve.

Special wrench required for operation due to valve location below top.

Wrench attached to valve for quick emergency closure.

Acetylene Cylinders

Equipment may draw off acetone even in upright position.

Acetone causes larger flame with orange flecks.

To prevent acetone draw, connect multiple cylinders parallel to a manifold.