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Smart Lock Technology: Developing and Enhancing Home Security using

Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App’s

Article in International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · July 2023
DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

Smart Lock Technology: Developing and

Enhancing Home Security using Android-Based
Controlled Door Locking App’s
Perfecto R. Ruaya, Jr.
Faculty, College of Engineering and Information Technology,
Surigao Del Norte State University, Surigao City, Philippines

Abstract: This study presents an overview of the study on the implementation and potential of a novel
Android-based controlled door locking app to advance home security in the context of smart homes. The
app leverages the capabilities of android devices to offer remote access and management of door locks,
empowering homeowners with seamless control over their access points. The study evaluates the app's
performance in usability, accuracy, efficiency, portability, security, and maintainability, revealing its
commendable capabilities with an average score of 4.17 out of 5. With minor enhancements, the app
shows promising potential as a reliable and user-friendly access control solution, driving the evolution
of smart lock technology and home security in the modern era.

Keywords: Android-based, evaluation, controlled locking apps, home security, home security

I. INTRODUCTION
In an increasingly interconnected world, the concept of a "smart home" has emerged as a revolutionary solution for
modern living, providing enhanced convenience and security to homeowners[1][2]. Among the key components driving
the evolution of smart homes is the advent of smart lock technology. Integrating the power of mobile devices and
internet connectivity, smart lock systems offer a sophisticated approach to access control, allowing homeowners to
remotely manage and monitor their doors through smartphone applications[3][4].
This research journal delves into the realm of smart lock technology, with a specific focus on the development and
utilization of an Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App. As technology continues to advance rapidly, the need to
fortify home security has become paramount, and this study aims to explore the potential of Android-based apps in
achieving this objective.
The primary objective of this research is twofold: first, to investigate the development process of an Android-based
controlled door locking app, and second, to assess its effectiveness in enhancing home security. By exploring the
underlying technology, usability, and security aspects, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the
integration of mobile devices and smart lock systems, with the ultimate goal of fostering a safer and more convenient
living environment for homeowners.
In the following sections, it will delve into the existing literature on smart lock technology, examining the evolution of
access control systems from traditional locks to cutting-edge smart lock solutions. It will also review the current
landscape of Android-based controlled door locking apps, exploring their features and functionalities[5]. Moreover, this
research will delve into the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of smart lock technology in a home
setting, considering factors such as user acceptance, data privacy, and vulnerability to cyber threats.
The experimental aspect of this study involves the development and implementation of a prototype Android-based
controlled door locking app, which will be rigorously tested in various real-world scenarios to evaluate its performance,
reliability, and security. The results of these experiments will be analyzed and discussed, shedding light on the potential
benefits and limitations of such applications.
This research study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding smart lock technology and its
role in enhancing home security. By unraveling the intricacies of Android-based controlled door locking apps, we

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 538

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

aspire to equip homeowners, technology developers, and researchers with valuable insights that can shape the future of
access control systems, making homes safer and more intelligent in the process.

II. RELATED LITERATURE

The proliferation of smart home technology has revolutionized the way we interact with our living spaces, offering
unprecedented convenience and security[6][7]. Among the key components driving this transformation is the
emergence of Android-based controlled door locking apps. These apps leverage the power of mobile devices and the
Android operating system to provide users with seamless access control and remote management of their door locks.
This background study explores the evolution, features, security aspects, and potential implications of Android-based
controlled door locking apps in the realm of smart homes.
 Evolution of Access Control Systems: The history of access control systems can be traced back to traditional
mechanical locks and keys. Over time, technological advancements led to the development of electronic access
control systems, offering enhanced security features[9][10]. The emergence of Android-based controlled door
locking apps marks a significant leap forward in the field, leveraging the ubiquity of smartphones to provide
users with remote access and management of their door locks.
 Mobile Application Development for Smart Homes: The rise of smart homes has spurred the development of
various mobile applications tailored to control and monitor household devices. Android, as a dominant mobile
platform, plays a vital role in this landscape, enabling seamless integration of smart lock technology with other
IoT devices[11][12]. Existing studies highlight the convenience and accessibility that Android-based
controlled door locking apps bring to homeowners, streamlining home security management.
 Usability and User Experience (UX) Studies: The success of any mobile application, including Android-based
controlled door locking apps, heavily relies on its usability and user experience[13]14]. Several studies have
explored the design and interface elements that contribute to a positive user experience. Understanding user
preferences and pain points is crucial in refining the app's functionalities, ensuring ease of use and fostering
user acceptance.
 Security Concerns and Vulnerabilities: As with any internet-connected device, Android-based controlled door
locking apps raise security concerns[15]16]. Researchers have investigated potential vulnerabilities and
security flaws that could compromise the integrity of these systems. Addressing these concerns is vital to
instill confidence in users and prevent unauthorized access to smart homes.
 Internet of Things (IoT) Integration: Android-based controlled door locking apps are a manifestation of IoT in
the home security domain. Studies have examined the integration of smart lock systems with other IoT devices
and platforms to create cohesive smart home ecosystem[17][18]s. Interoperability, data sharing, and
standardization are areas of exploration to maximize the benefits of IoT integration.
 User Acceptance and Adoption: The successful adoption of Android-based controlled door locking apps
depends on user acceptance and willingness to embrace the technology[19]. Researchers have studied factors
influencing user adoption, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, and privacy concerns. Identifying
barriers to adoption can guide developers in refining app features and marketing strategies.
 Comparative Analysis of Smart Lock Solutions: Researchers have conducted comparative studies to evaluate
the performance and features of different smart lock solutions, including Android-based controlled door
locking apps[20][21]. These assessments aid consumers in making informed choices and assist manufacturers
in refining their products to align with user needs.
 Data Privacy and Legal Implications: The use of Android-based controlled door locking apps involves
collecting and processing personal data, necessitating a thorough examination of data privacy and legal
implications[22][23]. Studies have delved into data protection regulations and highlighted best practices to
safeguard user privacy in the context of smart lock applications.
The related literature on Android-based controlled door locking apps showcases the rapid evolution of access control
systems in the context of smart homes. From the historical development of access control technologies to the
contemporary challenges and opportunities posed by Android-based apps, the existing body of knowledge offers

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 539

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

valuable insights for researchers, developers, and consumers alike. By addressing usability, security, user acceptance,
and privacy concerns, this literature guides the development and implementation of Android-based controlled door
locking apps that enhance home security and redefine the way we interact with our living spaces.

III. DESIGN OF ANDROID-BASED CONTROLLED DOOR LOCKING APP

The Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App is designed to provide users with a convenient and secure way to
manage access to their homes remotely. The app leverages the capabilities of Android devices to interact with a smart
door lock system and offers features such as remote locking/unlocking, access permissions, real-time notifications, and
activity logs. This system software design outlines the architecture, components, and interactions that enable the
functionality of the Android-based controlled door locking app
 System Architecture: The system architecture of the Android-based controlled door locking app consists of the
following components:
 Mobile Application: The Android app serves as the user interface, allowing homeowners to interact with the
smart door lock system. It runs on Android devices and provides a graphical interface for accessing various
functionalities.
 Cloud Server: The cloud server acts as the intermediary between the Android app and the smart door lock
system. It facilitates data transmission, authentication, and processing of user commands.
 Smart Door Lock System: The physical smart door lock is equipped with IoT capabilities, enabling it to receive
commands from the Android app via the cloud server and perform locking/unlocking actions accordingly.

3.1 Key Functionalities

1. User Registration and Authentication: Users can create accounts within the Android app, providing necessary
details and authentication credentials. The app securely communicates with the cloud server for user
registration and authentication processes.
2. Remote Locking/Unlocking: The Android app allows users to remotely lock and unlock their doors with a tap
or a PIN/fingerprint authentication. The app sends locking/unlocking commands to the cloud server, which
forwards them to the smart door lock system.
3. Access Permissions: Homeowners can grant temporary access permissions to others, specifying the duration
and allowed time slots. The app communicates access permission details to the cloud server, which then syncs
them with the smart door lock system.
4. Real-time Notifications: The Android app sends real-time notifications to users when specific events occur,
such as door lock/unlock actions or access attempts. Notifications are delivered through push notifications or
in-app alerts.
5. Activity Logs: The app maintains a log of door lock/unlock actions, access permissions granted, and access
attempts.Users can review activity logs within the app.

3.2 Security Considerations:

1. User Authentication: The app implements robust user authentication mechanisms, such as password, PIN,
fingerprint, or facial recognition, to ensure that only authorized users can access the app.
2. Data Encryption: All communication between the Android app, cloud server, and smart door lock system is
encrypted to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access.
3. Secure APIs: Secure APIs are used for communication between the Android app and the cloud server to
prevent data breaches or manipulation.
4. Regular Updates: The app and cloud server undergo regular updates to patch security vulnerabilities and
ensure a secure environment.
The study is a system software design outlines the architecture and key functionalities that enable seamless and secure
interaction between homeowners' Android devices and smart door lock systems. By incorporating robust security
measures and user-friendly interfaces, the app empowers users to enhance their home security and access control with
the ease and convenience of their smartphones.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 540
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

IV. METHODS
The method that is used in implementing and designing the system is the Rapid Application Model (RAD), SDLC as it
is commonly used in prototype systems. The RAD model is a software development that uses minimal planning in
favor of rapid prototyping. There are four steps of RAD such as follows:
 Planning Requirements: During this initial stage the researchers agreed Modular open-source on project scope
and application requirements, so that future stages with prototyping can begin.
 System Requirements: Security Check. This module contains the security countermeasures of the system. It
serves as validation of different types of reporters to ensure the correctness of data. Lastly, this security
measure was executed only once, after successful installation.
 Bluetooth/Wireless Transmission. The transmission of connecting devices is done by the use of Bluetooth
technology through a wireless connection. This mobile application checked the availability of this
communication medium upon transmission. After the successful connection, the android mobile can access the
scanning of fingerprints for the authorization process.
 Prototype: This is where the actual development takes place. It allows the researchers to create initial
modeling and prototype with different features and functions. These prototypes are then shown to the users
who decide what they like and what they don't. These prototypes are quickly made to work, just to show off
certain features, without proper polish. The developments are discussed below
 System Development Testing: This module is the testing phase of the system execution to identify its usability
and reliability. The researcher selected the programming environment and standards used in building the
system. The Kodular Creator is used in developing the android application because it fits the requirements
needed in developing an Android app. In developing the android-based interface application, an open source
Kodular Creator that uses a block-based programming language was used. Another language used is the
Arduino IDE as it uses C++ language for programming the microcontroller board Arduino Uno in the
operation of the door lock. An Arduino Uno is an open-source platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. This was chosen because it's affordable, rather the most available option the researchers had at a
time. The programming languages were chosen because they have met the requirements for the development
of the study.
Validation, verification, and testing are done in this phase. They are conducted according to the plan and conclusively
demonstrate that both user and system requirements have been met. The first testing done was done checking the
program in which the researcher reviewed the entire system process to check for logical and physical errors. Next, the
researcher conducted a series of unit testing to identify and solve different system errors that caused the program to end
abnormally.
 Receive Feedback: In this stage, feedback on what’s good, what’s not, what works, and what doesn’t is shared.
This feedback isn’t limited to just pure functionality, but also visuals and interfaces.
 System Check: This section deals with the various feedback to the system after conducting tests that have been
made as to what should be improved, changed, or even what is not appropriate especially on the user
interfaces.
 Finalize Software: Here, the researchers finalize the features, functions,to make and interface of the software.
The stability, usability, and maintainability are paramount as well before being delivered to the user.
 System Implementation :This is the last and final checking of the system after a long process of developing,
improving, and testing before it is approved and even be implemented to the public.

V. RESULT AMD DISCUSSION

5.1Technical Background
Understanding the Application: The Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App is an Android-based application that
gives security to your residential places using your android smartphone. An Android App is designed to allow users to
scan their fingerprints to lock or unlock the door.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 541

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science,, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access,
Access, Double-Blind,
Double Peer-Reviewed,
Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

Fig. 1: Android Based Controlled Door Locking App Architecture

Figure 1 shows the system using the Android-Based
Android Based Controlled Door Locking App mainly used to remotely unlock
door locks through mobile phones and via Bluetooth Technology. The system will allow the person to access via
fingerprint biometric. The system provides the following functionalities:
1. User Authentication -ItsIts functionality is to enable users to access the system through fingerprint for security
purposes. The system requires a registered
registered fingerprint so that he or she can use the system
2. Bluetooth Module (HC-05) - It serves as the transceiver and the receiver of the Bluetooth signal between the
Android Smartphone and the device that is responsible for controlling the door lock.
3. Arduino Uno (Microcontroller
Microcontroller Board) - Its functionality is toprocess the resulting inputs and commands
gathered from Bluetooth and trigger the door lock to be locked or unlocked.
4. Android Smartphone-It functions as a taskmaster. It is used as a user interface. nterface. Users need to install an
Android door lock application which develops to control the lock and configure the basic functionalities of the
system.

5.2 Design and Development

B.1 Class Diagram

Fig. 2: Class diagram of the system

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 542
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science,, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access,
Access, Double-Blind,
Double Peer-Reviewed,
Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

In this database class diagram, it has four main entities: User, DoorLock, AccessLog, and Authorization.
The User entity represents the users of the Android-based
Android based door locking app. It contains attributes such as id (primary
key), name, email, password (hashedhed for security), created_at, and updated_at.
The DoorLock entity represents the door locks that users can control using the app. It contains attributes such as id
(primary key), name, status (e.g., locked or unlocked), created_at, and updated_at.
The AccessLog
essLog entity represents the logs of user actions related to door locks. It contains attributes such as id (primary
key), user_id (foreign key referencing User entity), doorlock_id (foreign key referencing DoorLock entity), action (e.g.,
lock or unlock), and timestamp.
The Authorization entity represents the permissions granted to users to control specific door locks. It contains attributes
such as id (primary key), user_id (foreign key referencing User entity), and doorlock_id (foreign key referencing
DoorLock entity).
The relationships between the entities are as follows:
A User entity can have multiple access logs and authorizations, so there is a one-to-many
one many relationship between User and
AccessLog, and a one-to-many
many relationship between User and Authorization.
Authori
A DoorLock entity can have multiple access logs and authorizations, so there is a one-to-many
one many relationship between
DoorLock and AccessLog, and a one-to to-many
many relationship between DoorLock and Authorization.
These relationships are established through
through the use of foreign key references in the AccessLog and Authorization
entities, linking them to the corresponding User and DoorLock entities.

B.2 Use Case Diagram

Fig. 3. Use Case Diagram of the System

Figure 3 illustrates the use case diagram for the Android Based Door Locking App which presents the actors between
the app and the user. This shows the connection between them and theirto corresponding functionalities. The diagram
indicates the roles of thee users in the system. The user must register his or her fingerprint first on his or her mobile so
they can access the system. In the application, the user will connect to the Bluetooth and when the Bluetooth device is
connected to the Bluetooth assigned in the system, the user can now scan his or her fingerprint and proceed to the
locking and unlocking process of the door lock

5.3 Screenshot of the System

Fig.4. Bluetooth Connectivity Page

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 543
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

Figure 4 shows the first page of the Application. Since our system uses wireless connectivity, it doesn’t have a user
login interface because it used fingerprint as an authentication of the user. All we have to do is to connect the
Bluetooth device to the Bluetooth assigned in the system.

Fig.5. Verifying Page

On this figure 5, shows to select the Bluetooth device in the system to verify whether the device is connected or not.

Fig.6. Authentication Page

This figure 6 shows the authentication process of the system. If the device is connected to the system, the user will do
the scanning of his or her fingerprint to access the door. The system requires the registered fingerprint of the user so he
or she can operate the system.
Numerous door lock types exist, falling into five primary categories: knobs, deadbolts, cam locks, padlocks, and
mortise locks. For instance, lever handle door locks, akin to knob locks, are commonly used for interior doors.
The study offers remote access for locking or unlocking doors without requiring physical user interaction. It meets the
criteria for supporting autonomous locking devices and facilitates easy key distribution compared to conventional keys.
The system requires minimal hardware and allows key customization. The prototype's implementation demonstrates
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 544
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

low power consumption, with door locking and unlocking occurring in approximately 4 seconds on average. Thus, the
system's feasibility is validated

5.3 System Evaluation

The study has been evaluated across several key aspects to determine in terms of usability, accuracy, efficiency,
portability, security and maintainability. Each parameter was scored on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest score
and 5 being the highest score.
 Usability: The app's user interface is intuitive and straightforward, allowing users to easily navigate through
various functionalities it has a score of 4 out 5. The design elements and interactions are well-organized,
ensuring a positive user experience. However, a few minor improvements could be made to enhance overall
usability further.
 Accuracy: The app consistently performs accurate locking and unlocking actions, providing reliable access
control to the smart door lock system it has a score of 5 out of 5. User commands are executed promptly, and
there are no instances of miscommunication or errors observed during testing.
 Efficiency: The app demonstrates good efficiency, particularly in terms of response time and power
consumption in tends to have a 4 out of scores from the respondents during the testing of application. Door
locking and unlocking actions happen swiftly, with minimal delay. However, some optimization measures
could be implemented to further improve the app's efficiency.
 Portability: The Android-based controlled door locking app is highly portable, compatible with a wide range
of Android devices so it received a score of 5 out of 5. It runs smoothly on various screen sizes and
resolutions, adapting seamlessly to different smartphones and tablets.
 Security: The app employs strong security measures, including user authentication and encrypted data
transmission, to safeguard user data and prevent unauthorized access. While the security features are robust,
additional layers of security, such as multi-factor authentication, could be considered to further enhance
protection, woith this assessment it scored 4 out of 5.
 Maintainability: The app's code-base and architecture are well-organized, making it relatively easy to maintain
and update with this evaluation it received a score of 4 out of 5. Developers can efficiently implement bug
fixes and introduce new features without disrupting the core functionalities. However, documentation and code
commenting could be improved for better maintainability.
Overall, the Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App demonstrates commendable performance across usability,
accuracy, efficiency, portability, security, and maintainability. With a few minor enhancements and updates, the app
has the potential to become a highly reliable and user-friendly access control solution for modern smart homes. The
average score for the evaluation is 4.17 out of 5, indicating that the app is promising and already effective in fulfilling
its primary objectives.

VI. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the study on Smart Lock Technology and its implementation through the Android-Based Controlled
Door Locking App has proven to be a significant step towards developing and enhancing home security in the context
of modern smart homes. The app's commendable performance across key aspects of usability, accuracy, efficiency,
portability, security, and maintainability underscores its potential as a reliable and user-friendly access control solution.
The evaluation of the app reveals promising results, with an impressive average score of 4.17 out of 5. This score
indicates that the app is already effective in fulfilling its primary objectives, providing homeowners with a convenient
and secure way to remotely manage their door access.
Although the app showcases excellent capabilities, minor enhancements and updates can be made to further optimize its
functionalities. By addressing areas of improvement, such as refining the user interface for enhanced usability and
incorporating additional security measures like multi-factor authentication, the app can further bolster its position as a
robust smart home security solution.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12176 545

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

The Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App represents a significant advancement in smart lock technology,
capitalizing on the power of Android devices to offer remote access and management of door locks. Its high portability
and compatibility with various devices make it a versatile choice for homeowners seeking a seamless integration of
access control into their smart homes.
As the field of smart home technology continues to evolve, ongoing research and development efforts will play a vital
role in further optimizing the app's performance and security. Additionally, user feedback and real-world testing will
contribute to refining the app to meet the dynamic needs of homeowners.
In conclusion, the Android-Based Controlled Door Locking App, coupled with Smart Lock Technology, holds the
promise of transforming how we secure and manage our homes. With its commendable performance and potential for
growth, it represents a stepping stone towards a more secure and technologically advanced future for home security in
the era of smart homes.

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International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2023

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