St. Andrews Scots Sr. Sec.

School
9th Avenue, I.P. Extension, Patparganj, Delhi – 110092
Session: 2024 – 2025
(Answer Key)

Class: VII Subject: Science Chapter: Reproduction in Plants

CHECKPOINT 1
1. Grafting 2. Layering 3. Tissue culture 4. Underground stem

CHECKPOINT 2

1. Stamen 2. Pollination 3. Fertilisation 4. Plumule

5. Wind

PRACTICE TIME

A. 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c)

B. 1. same 2. Layering 3. Animals 4. Zygote 5. Water

C. 1. Asexual reproduction
2. Budding, Fission, Fragmentation and Spore formation or sporulation.
3. Ovary.
4. Dahlia – roots, Bryophyllum – leaves, stem – onion and mint.
5. Maize
6. By Budding
7. Stamen and pistil.

D. 1. By vegetative propagation, plants lose their reproductive power after

a few generations which makes them prone to many infections.

2. To be dispersed by the wind.

 3. Growing plants from roots, stems or leaves by using different
Techniques is called artificial propagation in plants. For example,
grafting, stem cutting, etc.

4. Tissue culture technique is a technique in which cells are grown

in a medium that contains nutrients and hormones. This technique
is used for growing many plants such as Asparagus,
Chrysanthemum, Orchids, etc.

5. Seed dispersal avoids overcrowding and prevents competition

among plants for space, sunlight, water and minerals. It provides
better chances to survive.

6. Reproduction is essential because it ensures the continuity of life

Generation after generation.

E. 1. Advantages of Vegetative Propagation

 Vegetative propagation is rapid, easy and cheap method of plant
propagation. Such plants take less time to grow. They bear
flowers and fruits early.
 The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant.
 The parent plant produces a large number of plants in a short
time.
 Plants like banana, seedless grapes, roses, pineapples and
Dahlias which do not produce seeds can only be grown
vegetatively.

2. In grafting, a bud or cutting with buds of one plant, called the

scion, is kept over the cut stem of a rooted plant, called the stock.
The scion and the stock are then firmly tied together.
After some time, the tissues of the stock and scion join together
to form one plant. The stock supplies the essential nutrients to the
scion.
Advantages of Grafting:
 Plants, flowers and fruits of desired quality can be obtained.
 New varieties can be developed.
  Plants which cannot be grown by cutting or from seeds can be
developed quickly by grafting.

3. Functions of different parts of flower :

1. Sepals: They protect flower during bud stage.
2. Petals: They protect the reproductive parts of flower and in
some plants, they produce scent and attract insects.
3. Stamens: They are male reproductive parts of flower and
produce pollen grains.
4. Pistil: It is the female reproductive part of flower that
contains one or more ovules. An ovule contains an ovum.
 4. Insect-pollinated flowers have following features:
1. Anthers are large and loosely attached.
2. Stigma hangs out of the flowers to trap the pollen grains.
3. Have nectaries that produce nectar.
4. Have sweet smell and bright colours.
5. Have sticky stigma and sticky pollen grains.

5. Sexual reproduction in plants involves the following steps:

1. Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from anthers to the
stigma.
2. Fertilisation: Union of male gamete with the female
gamete to form zygote.
3. Formation of seed: Development of zygote into seed.
4. Formation of fruit: Maturation of ovary into fruit.
5. Germination of seed: Formation of ovary into fruit.

6. Pollination is essential because it makes the union of male and

female gametes possible.
Various agents of pollination are:
1. Wind – Maize
2. Water – Vallisneria
3. Insect – Sunflower

7. Flower is the reproductive part of a plant which develops fruits

and seeds, Seeds are enclosed in fruits. Seeds and fruits are
dispersed to various places by different agents such as air, water,
insects, birds, etc. A seed has an embryo inside it. On reaching
the moist soil, a seed grows into a new plant. Thus, a flower
helps to produce new plants.

8. (a) Various methods of dispersal of seeds and fruit are:

1. Dispersal by wind.
2. Dispersal by water.
3. Dispersal by animals.
4. Explosive mechanism.
 (b) The seeds which are dispersed by air are small, light and
hairy so that they are blown to far away places. Seeds of some
plants like maple and drumstick have wings, and that of madar
and cotton have hair for floating in the air.

9. (a) 1. Sexual reproduction needs two (male and female)

individuals while asexual reproduction needs only one
individual.
2. Sexual reproduction involves fusion of male and female
gametes while reproduction does not involve any gametes.

(b) When plants grow from modified vegetative parts, it is

called natural vegetative propagation. For example, roots
modified as root tubers in Dahlia, stem modifies as stem
tuber, rhizome and bulb in potato, ginger and onion
respectively. Leaves of some plants such as Bryophyllum
grow adventitious buds in the notches which develop into
new plants. On the other hand, when the plants are grown
from vegetative parts by using some developed techniques,
it is called artificial vegetative propagation such as stem
cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture.
 (c) In self-pollination, the pollen grains are transferred to the
stigma of the same flower or of different flower of the same
plant while in cross-pollination pollen grains are transferred
to the stigma of another flower borne on a different plant of
the same kind.

10.(a) 1 - Ovule
2- Placenta
3- Ovary
4- Thalamus

(b) 1. Ovule forms the seed.

2. Placenta provides attachment as well as nutrition to ovules.
3. Ovary encloses ovules and develops into a fruit on
Maturing.
4. Thalamus supports all the parts of a flower.

11. (a) Artificial

(b) Stems; Potato
(c) Adventitious buds, Bryophyllum
(d) Layering; Jasmine
(e) Grafting; Mango
(f) Tissue culture; Asparagus
(g) Dahlia
(h) Rose
F. 1. Potato is a modified stem because it has buds in the depressions
Called eyes. These eyes represent the nodes. The buds in eyes
give rise to new plants. Sweet potato is a modified root because
it does not have nodes or adventitious buds on it.

2. The wind may carry pollen grains to unsuitable places, i.e.,

away from their target sites. Some pollen grains might be
damaged in the midway. Therefore, to ensure pollination,
wind-pollinated flowers produce large amount of pollen grains.

3. Seeds and fruits dispersed by water are large and spongy so that
they may float on water and may be carried to far off places by
water currents without being damaged.
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