Thema Avond

Oracle RDBMS 12c New Features

Bernhard de Cock Buning

 Agenda

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

2
 Introduction

• Wie heeft 12c launch van Oracle bekeken?

• Wie denkt.. Kan ik deze release niet overslaan?
• Wie heeft de 12c documentatie bekeken?
• Wie heeft 12c geïnstalleerd?
• Wie heeft een omgeving gemigreerd naar 12c?
• Wie heeft 12c in productie?
• Wie wil volgend jaar beginnen met 12c?

3
 Introduction

• National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST)

definition of cloud computing:

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction

4
 Introduction

• Oracle RDBMS 12c designed for the cloud

• Continue to increase service levels: Multitenant, Data Guard far
Sync, Global Database Services
• Provide continuities availability: Flex Cluster, Global Data
Service, Application Continuity, Flex ASM
• Manage many database as one: Multitenant
• (Rapid) Provisioning and Cloning: Cloud Control, Duplicate
Database features, DBClone
• Manage Data Growth: Partitioning, ASM, Heat Map, Big Data
• Defense-In-Depth for maximum Security: Separation of duties,
Comprehensive Auditing, Privilege Analysis

5
 Chapter 2

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

7
 Introduction

• Database consolidation when you have many databases

• Reducing the number of separate databases
• But keeping database applications isolated and
unchanged
• Will lower the overhead in relation to hardware and
number of databases on a host
• Will lower the costs for administration and operation

• Simplify patching and upgrading

• Challenges in manageability and resource management
8
 Introduction

• Fast provisioning of a new or existing database

• Fast redeployments by unplug and plug of a database
• Patch or upgrade by unplug and plug into a container
database of a higher version
• Quickly patch or upgrade many databases in one run

• License: <> Enterprise Edition, one Container Database

with one Pluggable database allowed

9
 Concept

Shared Global Shared Global Shared Global

Area Area Area

Data Data Data

Library Buffer Library Buffer Library Buffer
dictionary Log buffer dictionary Log buffer dictionary Log buffer
Cache Cache Cache Cache Cache Cache
cache cache cache

Clients

Background processes Background processes Background processes

DBWR DBWR DBWR
LGWR LGWR LGWR
ARC ARC ARC
SMON SMON SMON
etc etc etc

Datafiles Datafiles Datafiles

Controlfiles Controlfiles Controlfiles

Tempfiles Tempfiles Tempfiles

Undo Undo Undo

etc etc etc 10

 Concept - CDB

Root Container
Shared Global Area
CDB$ROOT
Data
Library Buffer
dictionary Log buffer
Cache Cache
cache

Container Container
Clients
PDB$SEED PDB$PROD
Background processes
System System
DBWR
LGWR
ARC Sysaux
sysaux SMON
etc Data
Tempfiles Tempfiles (optional)

Spfile System

Alert.log sysaux

Controlfiles Users

Redo log files Tempfiles

Archived log files Undo 11

 Concept - CDB

• Concept of Container Database (CDB) architecture

• Concept of Pluggable Database (PDB) architecture
• Before Oracle 12c we now talk about non-CDB
architecture
• System Database Administrators connect to the CDB as a
whole
• System Database Administrators connect to a PDB or the
PDB admin user connects to manage the PDB

12
 Concept - CDB

• Inside the Container Database there is only one Root

Container
• Inside the Container Database there can be more other
types of containers
• Those containers are called Pluggable Databases (PDB)
• Up to 252 PDB containers can be added in a container
database
• For users and application like the < Oracle 12c databases

13
 Concept - CDB

• Container Database has a Container Database Instance

• The container/instance itself has container ID 0 (zero)
• Inside the Container Database there is the Root Container
• Oracle provided container, will always exists
• Name is CDB$ROOT, container ID 1
• CDB$ROOT, is like repository
• Service-name is equal to the CDB name
• Physically contains the following files:
controlfiles, redo log files, system, sysaux, users, tempfiles, undo

14
 Concept - PDB

• Inside the container, like the default root container, a

seed pluggable database exists
• This seed pluggable database is called PDB$SEED
• Container ID for PDB$SEED is 2
• PDB$SEED exists only for cloning, create a new PDB in just
a few seconds
• PDB$SEED contains a system tablespace, sysaux
tablespace and tempfile.

15
 Concept - PDB

• Pluggable Databases share the SGA with others

• Each block in the buffer cache has a reference to a PDB id
• PDB has its own Data Dictionary, but shares common
objects of the root container
• PDB data dictionary size is around 200MB

16
Multitenant Database
 Training

• Training Oracle Database 12c: Multitenant Database

• Introductie - concept
• Software installatie
• Creatie 12c Database Containers
• Administratie van Database Containers - Pluggable
• Backup en Recovery Database Containers

• Datum: 25 November 2013

18
Questions

19
 Chapter 3

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

20
 Upgrade

• some Upgrade 12c New Features

• New Pre-Upgrade Information Tool
• Parallel Processing for Database Upgrade
• Enhanced Pre and Post Upgrade Summary Report
• Grid Infrastructure Upgrade Enhancements
• Oracle XML Database
• Pluggable Databases

21
 Direct Upgrade

• Direct Upgrade to Oracle RDBMS release 12c

Source Database Target Database

10.2.0.5 12.1.X
11.1.0.7 12.1.X
11.2.0.2 or higher 12.1.X

22
 Indirect Upgrade

• Indirect Upgrade to Oracle RDBMS release 12c

Source Database Intermediate Upgrade Target Database

11.2.0.1 11.2.0.2 or higher 12.1.X

11.1.0.6 11.10.7 or => 11.2.0.2 12.1.X

<=10.2.0.4 10.2.0.5 or higher 12.1.X

<=10.1.0.5 10.2.0.5 or higher 12.1.x

<=9.2.0.8 9.2.0.8 -> 11.2.0.2 or 12.1.x

higher
23
 Pre-Upgrade Tool

• Run the pre-upgrade tool in all cases

• Copy the preugrd.sql and utluppkg.sql from
12c ORACLE HOME environment
• Execute preupgrd.sql in the source database
• Also possible to use SQLPLUS from 12c environment and
connect to source database
• Examine the output

24
 Pre-Upgrade Tool

• Log location: $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtools/…/preupgrade

@?/rdbms/admin/preupgrd.sql

preupgrade.log

preupgrade_fixups.sql

postupgrade_fixups.sql
25
 Parallel Processing

• Parallel Processing for Database Upgrade

• Previous release only recompile was in parallel
• Integrated in Database Upgrade Assistant
• Database Upgrade Assistant default runs in parallel
• catupgrd.sql called by catctl.pl

SQL> startup upgrade

SQL> exit

$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catctl.pl -n 4 -l
$ORACLE_HOME/diagnostics catupgrd.sql

26
Upgrade
 Training

Training Oracle Database 12c: Migreren naar RDBMS 12c

• Introductie upgrade naar Oracle RDBMS 12c

• Upgrade New features 12c
• Voorbereiden upgrade naar Oracle RDBMS 12c
• Uitvoeren migratie naar Oracle RDBMS 12c
• Overzicht Oracle RDBMS 12c features

• Datum: 26 November 2013

28
Questions

29
 Chapter 4

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

30
 Grid Infrastructure

• some GRID Infrastructure features:

• Application Continuity
• Flex Cluster
• What-if options
• Generic Agent – Application Agents
• Server Categories
• Multi-Cluster GNS
• Multi-Subnet SCAN
• Management Database
• OCR backup stored in ASM

31
 Cluster Types

• Three types of Cluster introduced in Oracle 12c:

• Standard Clusters:
This is the type of cluster which customer have running as non-Oracle 12c
environment. Or have installed during a Oracle 12c cluster configuration and not
selected to use a Flex Clusters. Max number of nodes are 64

• Flex Clusters:
This is a new type of Cluster introduced in Oracle 12c, which can be larger than
the standard cluster. Max 200 nodes, where HUB nodes max will be 64 and Leaf
Nodes 136

• Application Clusters:
Build a cluster environment for you applications to run on
32
 Flex Clusters

• Flex Clusters:
• Scalable, dynamic, robust network of nodes
• Provide a platform for a variety of applications, one of the
applications can be an Oracle RAC database
• Provide a platform for other service deployments for (automatic)
High Availability
• Large number of nodes up to 200
• Introduce two type of nodes: Hub Nodes and Leaf Nodes

33
 Flex Cluster

Public Network

Hub node Hub node Hub node Leaf node Leaf node

Private Network

Shared Storage ASM

34
 Flex Cluster

Public Network

RAC RAC RAC

Instance Application Application
Instance Instance
Tightly Connected

Loosely Connected
Private Network

Shared Storage Flex ASM

35
 Flex Clusters

• Hub Nodes:
• Are tightly connected with other servers in the cluster
• Have direct access to shared storage
• Hub nodes are the same as nodes in a standard cluster
• Up to 64 nodes in a Flex Cluster
• Hub node can be an anchor for a Leaf Node
• Flex Cluster can exists of only Hub Nodes

36
 Flex Clusters

• Leaf Nodes:
• Introduced in Oracle 12c
• Leaf Node can exists only if one or more Hub nodes exists
• Servers that are loosely coupled with Hub nodes
• Don’t require direct access to shared storage
• Requests data through Hub Nodes
• Provide a platform for a variety of applications, but no Oracle
database instances
• Up to 4 nodes for one Hub anchor

37
 Flex Clusters

• Flex Cluster validation:

$ crsctl get cluster mode status

Cluster is running in "flex" mode

$ olsnodes –n –i -s -a
server52 1 176.16.0.136 Active Hub
server53 2 176.16.0.128 Active Hub
server54 100 <none> Active Leaf

$ crsctl get node role config -all

Node 'server52' configured role is 'hub'
Node 'server53' configured role is 'hub'
Node 'server54' configured role is 'leaf'

38
 Flex ASM

• Manage FLEX ASM

• srvctl config asm display a count value if Flex ASM is enable
• Make sure value all is displayed if pre 12c database are host
• ASMCMD commands to validate Flex asm: showclustermode

$ srvctl config asm

$ srvctl modify asm –count ALL

$ srvctl modify asm –count 2

ASMCMD> showclustermode
ASM cluster : Flex mode enabled

39
Flex Clusters
 GI – ASM - RAC

• Training Oracle Database 12c: GRID Infrastructure en

Automatic Storage management

• Planning eerste kwartaal 2014, Vijfhart blog – cursus agenda

• Training Oracle Database 12c: Real Application Cluster

Administration

• Planning eerste kwartaal 2014, Vijfhart blog – cursus agenda

41
Questions

42
 Chapter 5

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

43
 New Features 12c

• (some) Data Guard features:

• Global Data Services – out of the box for applications
• Easier failover functionality – validate database
• Far sync standby
• SYSDG administration privilege
• Active Data Guard, DML on temporary tables, sequences, rolling
upgrade
• Create DG solution for CDB
• Support Application Continuity
• Resume switchover after failure
• Trigger fast start failover from application layer

44
 Global Data Services

• Oracle Global Data Services:

• Global solution for Replicated Databases
• Oracle Active Data Guard
• Oracle GoldenGate
• Implements the Database Service Model across a set of
replicated databases
• A virtual Multi-Instance database to database clients
• Global Data Services span the instance of multiple databases,
where local service span the instance of a single database
• Global Data Services also called GSD Configuration

45
 Components

• Global Data Services Components:

• Global Data Services Pool
• Global Data Service Region
• Global Service Manager
• Global Database Services Catalog
• Oracle Notification Service Servers

46
 Global Data Service

Cliënt connections

Global Data Service

Global Service Manager – Global Service Catalog

Global Data Service Pool

Global Data Service Region
Replication - Active Data Guard

Local Data Center Remote Data Center

47
 Data Guard

• Training Oracle Database 12c: Data Guard

Administration

• Planning eerste kwartaal 2014, Vijfhart blog – cursus agenda.

48
Questions

49
 Chapter 6

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Multitenant Architecture
• Chapter 3: Upgrade Features
• Chapter 4: Flex Cluster
• Chapter 5: Global Data Service
• Chapter 6: Overview RDBMS Features

50
 General

• some General 12c New Features

• Oracle Multitenant Architecture
• CloneDB
• Multiple indexes on Same Set of Columns
• Online DDL operations
• Invisible Columns
• Data Pump full transport
• Enterprise Manager Database Express
• Temporary undo
• Resource Manager Runaway Queries

51
 Temporary Undo

• Temporary undo
• Reduce the amount of redo stored in the undo
tablespace
• Better undo retention for transactions
• Reduce the size of redo log
• Reduce the sending and archive of redo
• DML possible in Active Data Guard for temporary
tables
• Session or Database level

52
 Temporary Undo

SQL> create global temporary table temp_myemp

(empl_id number(5),dept_id number(5),salary
number(8,2),gender varchar2(1),dob date,address
varchar2(40));

SQL> alter session set temp_undo_enabled=true;

SQL> select name, value from v$mystat natural

join v$statname where name = 'redo size' or
name = 'redo entries';

NAME VALUE
----------------- ----------
redo entries 56
redo size 15408

53
 Multiple Same column
indexes

• Previous release: ORA-01408: such column

list already indexed
• Create more that one index on the same set of
columns
• Easy testing of changing indexes and the (positive)
impact on the performance
• “ Online” index changes
• Additional index must be created invisible

54
 Multiple Same column
indexes

• Multiple Same column indexes :

SQL> create index myemp_i_indx1 on

myemp(empl_id,dept_id);

SQL> create index myemp_i_indx2 on

myemp(dept_id);

SQL> create bitmap index myemp_i_indx3 on

myemp(empl_id,dept_id);
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01408: such column list already indexed

SQL> create bitmap index myemp_i_indx3 on

myemp(empl_id,dept_id) invisible;
55
 Recovery Manager

• some RMAN features:

• Recover Tables and Table partitions (PIT) from backup
• Restore – Recover files over network (from DG environment)
• Multi-section backup make use of block change tracking
• SQL improvement, no “SQL” required
• SYSBACKUP administration privilege
• Backup – Restore CBD and PDBS
• Unified Auditing and RMAN
• Move datafiles online (read/write continue)

56
 Recover over
Network

• Restore – Recover files over network

• Useful in scenarios to synchronize primary and standby database
• Connect to a physical standby database
• Tablespace, spfile, Data files or entire database
• Backup sets are used to restore
• Multisection backup can be used
• Incremental backups can be used
• Primary to standby database
• Standby to primary database

57
 Recover over
Network

• Restore – Recover files over network

• Use the FROM SERVICE clause
• As target connect to the database which requires recovery
• RECOVERY clause will create incremental backups on primary
location and transfer when done

RMAN> connect target / as sysbackup;

RMAN> restore datafile 5 from service mystandby
section size 200m;

RMAN> connect target / as sysbackup;

RMAN> recover database from service myprimary
section size 200m using compressed backupset;

58
 Security

• some Security features:

• Database Auditing
• Role and Privilege Analysis
• Data Redaction
• Security Control Enforcements
• Database Application Security Architecture
• Database Vault
• Password Complexity Check

59
 Password Complexity

• Three password verification functions provided:

• verify_function_11g
• ora12c_verify_function
• ora12c_strong_verify_function
• All function are part of utlpwdmg.sql
• Applies to non-SYS users and is Pluggable aware

SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT

password_verify_function <optie>;

SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_PROFILES WHERE PROFILE =

'DEFAULT';

60
 Password Complexity

• Verify_function_11g:
• Password contains between 8 and 30 characters
• Password is not equal the server name, or backward or appended
1-100
• Password is not equal the user name, or backward or appended
1-100
• Password is not too simple
• Password differs from the previous password by at least 3
characters
• Password includes at least 1 numeric and 1 alphabetic character
• Password does not contain “

61
 Password Complexity

• Ora12c_Verify_function:
• Default when utlpwdmg.sql is used
• Password contains between 8 and 256 characters
• Password is not equal the server name, or backward or appended
1-100
• Password is not equal the user name, or backward or appended
1-100
• Password is not too simple
• Password differs from the previous password by at least 3
characters
• Password includes at least 1 numeric and 1 alphabetic character
• Password does not contain “
62
 Password Complexity

• Ora12c_strong_verify_function:
• Recommended by Department of Defense
• Password contains between 9 and 256 characters
• Password differs from the previous password by at least 4
characters
• Password does not contain “
• Password contains two upper case, two lower case, two numeric
characters and two special characters
'~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _
-+ = { } [ ] \ / < > , .
;? ' : | (space)

63
 Performance Features

• some Performance features:

• Adaptive statistics – if # rows <> estimate, dynamic sampling
• Adaptive execution plans
• Real Time ADDM – every 3 seconds
• Data pump with nologging option
• PGA aggregate limit
• Bulk load will gather stats after the load automatically
• DBMS_STATS report function
• I/O tracking

64
 PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

• PGA usage can lead to swapping, unstable –

unresponsive systems
• Parameter to specify a hard limit on PGA
memory usage to overcome this issue
• PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT introduced in 12c
• Default value is 2GB or
• 200% of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET or
• 3MB * value process parameter
• Dynamically set at database - instance level
• Value listed in alert.log

65
 PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

• PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT exceeds its value?

• sessions or processes can be aborted - terminated
which consuming most un-tunable PGA
• Parallel Queries treats as a single unit
• First abort sessions, if not enough terminated
sessions
• Value regardless automatic memory
management configuration
• Define the value of 0 will disable this feature

66
 PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

• PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT :

SQL> show parameter pga_aggregate_limit

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ -----------
pga_aggregate_limit big integer 2G

Mon Sep 16 09:07:53 2013

Using default pga_aggregate_limit of 2048 MB

ORA-00028: your session has been killed ORA-

04036: PGA memory used by the instance exceeds
PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT PGA memory used by the
instance exceeds PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT of 2048 MB

67
General
 Training

• Training van 4 dagen Oracle New Features 12c

• Oracle RDBMS 12c een introductie

• Oracle RDBMS Multitenant Architectuur
• RMAN New Features
• Security New Features
• SQL Tuning Features
• DWH en ILM New Features
• Overige handige features voor de DBA

• Datum: 21 t/m 24 Januari 2014 – 18 t/m 21 Maart 2014

69
Questions

70
Thank You !