VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS

KOLAPAKKAM, CHENNAI – 600 128

A Project Report On

“ ”

Submitted By

Roll No:
Name: U. BALA GANESAN
Class: XII

Under the Guidance Of

Ms. RAJALAKASHMI

Department of Computer Science

 VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

2024 - 2025
CERTIFICATE

The project report is entitled.

“ RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM ”

This is to certify that this is the Bonafide record of project work done by Master / Miss.

U. BALA GANESAN of Grade XII during the academic year 2024-2025.

Submitted for SSCE-2025 Computer Science Practical Examination held on

at Velammal Bodhi Campus, Kolapakkam, Kanchipuram District.
Date:

TEACHER IN-CHARGE

PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled “RAILWAY

RESERVATION SYSTEM”, submitted to the Department of

Computer Science, The Velammal Bodhi Campus, is a record

of an original work done by me and my team. All the coding is

the result of my team's personal efforts.

BALA GANESAN

XII COMPUTER SCIENCE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we thank our beloved parents for providing us with the
opportunity to study in Velammal Bodhi Campus, Kolapakkam.

We thank our beloved Director Sri. M. V. M SASIKUMAR for being

our motivational force for the completion of this project.

We thank our Principal Smt. R. LAVANYA for her exceptional

support.

We thank our Vice Principals Ms. LAKSHMIPRABHA and

and our Computer Science Faculty Ms. Rajalakshmi for encouraging
and guiding us to complete this project.

Finally, I thank all my friends who helped me in the completion of this

project.
CONTENTS

➢ INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

➢ PROJECT ON RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

➢ INTRODUCTION
Thft

➢ OBJECTIVES

➢ SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

➢ FRONTEND DETAILS

➢ SCREENSHOTS OF EXECUTION

➢ BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
Python is an interpreter, object-oriented, high-level programming language
with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with
dynamic typing and dynamic binding; make it very attractive for Rapid Application
Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability
and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance.
Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program
modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library
are available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms and
can be freely distributed.

History of Python
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early
nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science
in the Netherlands. Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC,
Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, Smalltalk, Unix shell and other scripting languages.
Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under
the GNU General Public License (GPL). Python is now maintained by a core
development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum still holds a vital
role in directing its progress.
Python Features
● Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly
defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
● Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
● Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
● A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and
cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.
● Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which
allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
● Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has
the same interface on all platforms.
● Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter.
These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be
more efficient.
● Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
● GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created
and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as
Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
● Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs
than shell scripting.
Apart from the above-mentioned features, Python has a big list of
good features, few are listed below: –

● It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.

● It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to bytecode for
building large applications.
 ● It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
● It supports automatic garbage collection.
● It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java

DATA FILE HANDLING IN PYTHON:

A file is a sequence of bytes on the disk/permanent storage where a group of
related data is stored. File is created for permanent storage of data. In programming,
Sometimes, it is not enough to only display the data on the console. Those data are
to be retrieved later, and then the concept of file handling comes.
It is impossible to recover the programmatically generated data again and
again. However, if we need to do so, we may store it onto the file system which is
not volatile and can be accessed all the time. Here, comes the need of file handling
in Python. File handling in Python enables us to create, update, read, and delete the
files stored on the file system through our python program.
The following operations can be performed on a file. In Python, File
Handling consists of following three steps:
✔ Open the file.
✔ Process file i.e. perform read or write operation.
✔ Close the file.
TYPES OF FILES:
There are two types of files:
Text Files: A file whose contents can be viewed using a text editor is called a text
file. A text file is simply a sequence of ASCII or Unicode characters. Python
programs, contents written in text editors are some of the example of text files.
 Binary Files: A binary file stores the data in the same way as stored in the
memory. The .exe files, mp3 file, image files, word documents are some of the
examples of binary files. We can’t read a binary file using a text editor.
CSV Files: A Comma Separated Values (CSV) file is a plain text file that contains
a list of data. These files are often used for exchanging data between different
applications. For example, databases and contact managers often support CSV files.
These files may sometimes be called Character Separated Values or Comma
Delimited files. They mostly use the comma character to separate (or delimit) data,
but sometimes use other characters, like semicolons.

SQL (Structured Query Language) :

It is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.SQL
commands are used to create, transform and retrieve information from Relational
Database Management Systems. They are also used to create interface between user
and database.In Relational database Model all the information is stored on Tables,
these tables are divided into rows and columns. A collection on related tables is
called DATABASE. A named table in a database is called RELATION in Relational
Data Model. Row in a table is called TUPLES, and column of a Table are called
ATTRIBUTE. No. of rows in a table is called DEGREE of the table and no. of
columns in a table is called CARDINALITY.
Primary Key: An attribute or a group of attributes which can distinguish row
uniquely in a table is Called Primary key/Key Field/Key attribute.
Candidate key: The attributes which can act as a primary key areknown as
candidate key.
Alternate key: An attribute which can act as a primary key in place of primary
key as called alternate key.
Foreign Key: An attribute in its present table whose values are derived from
some other table, is called foreign key in the present table.
Create Table: This DDL command is used to create a new table into any
existing database. The syntax of this command is as follows:
Syntax:
Create table <tblname> ( column name datatype size constraints ,
column_name datatype size constraints , column_name
datatype size constraints , );
Example:
Sql> Create table student (admno number (4) , roll number(2), Name
char(30), fname char(30), DOB date, Address varchar(80) );
To see the structure of the above defined table is as follows
Sql> desc student;
ALTER TABLE: This DDL command is used to add / modify a column in
any existing table of a database.
The syntax of this command is as follows:
Syntax:
Alter table <tablename> ADD/MODIFY/DROP (column_name datatype
size constraints , column_name datatype size constraints ,
column_name datatype size constraints , );
Example:
Task: To add a new column “Phone “ having datatype char and size 12 in a
table student
Sql > alter table student ADD (phone char (12)) ;

Task: To change the datatype of admno into char and increase the size as 5

Sql > alter table student MODIFY ( admno char(5));

 Task: Delete a column DOB from the table studentSql

> alter table student drop DOB;

Drop Table: This DDL command is used to remove a table from any existing
database.
Syntax:
Drop table < table name>
Example:
Sql> drop table student;

INSERT COMMAND: This DML command is used to add a new row

(record/ tuple ) in any existing database table .
Syntax:
insert into < table name > values (value1, value2, value 3, value N);
Example:
Task: Add a new row in a table student (which we have created earlier)
Sql > Insert into student values ( ‘1234A’,12, ‘joshin gulati’,’’abcd’,
‘9-apr-2008’, ‘b-152 surya agar’).
SELECT COMMAND: This DML command is used to retrieve information from
any table (s) to display/ list/ report on the screen, but this command cannot any how
update / modify any table.
The syntax of this command is as follows,
Syntax: Select [ * / column list ] from < table name> [ where < condition > ]
[ order by < col name...> [asc/desc] ] [ group by < col name>]
Examples:
Task: To display all the records of table EMPSql
> select * from EMP;
Task: To display only the employee no and employee name
Sql > select empno, ename from EMP;
Where clause: It is used to restrict the no no of rows from being displayed on the
screen.
Task: display all the employees whose salary is greater than 1500
Sql > select * from emp where sal > 1500;

Update: This DML command is used to change/modify the record(s) of any table.
The syntax is as follows
Syntax:
Update < tablename> Set column Name = value [ where < condition>]

Example:
1. Update emp
Set sal = sal + sal * 0.05; (Give an increment of 5 % to each employee )
2. update emp
set sal = sal+ sal * 0.05
where job =’PRESIDENT’; (Give an increment of 5% to president only)
DELETE: This DML command is used to delete a row/ tuple(s) from a table.
The Syntax is as follows,
Syntax:
DELETE from <tablename > [ where < condition >]
Example
1. Delete from emp ; ( delete all the records leaving its structure intact)
2. Delete from emp where sal >=3000 ;
 Create View: This Command is used to create a new View in any existing database.
The syntax is as follows:
Syntax:
Create view < viewname> As Select command
Example:
create view abc as select empno,job,sal from emp;
Drop View : This command is used to drop any existing view from the database.
The syntax is as follows,
Syntax:
Drop View < viewname>
Example:
Drop view abc;

Interface Python with MySQL:

● Databases play a vital role in the efficient working of an organization.
● They are essentially collection of tables and relate to each other
● through columns.
● These database systems support SQL, which is used to create, access and manipulate
data.
● The python programming language has powerful features for database programming.
● Python supports various database servers like MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, mSQL,
MicrosoftSQL server 2000 etc.
● For database programming the python DB-API is a widely used module that provides a
database application programming interface. It is a standard for database interface.
PYTHON - MYSQL CONNECTIVITY:
● Usually, the data input by the user along with the generated output is displayed
but not stored because all execution takes place in RAM which is a temporary
memory and as soon as we close the form, its contents get erased.
● Thus, when the application is executed the second time,it requires a new set of
inputs from the user.
● This can be overcome by sending the output generated and saving the input fetched
from the user in a database created at the back end of the application.
● The input is fetched from the user using python interface. This is known as
FRONTEND interface of the application.
● An application usually stores a lot of data in the form of a database which is not directly
accessible by the user.
● This database is used by the application to give suitable response to the user, this
database is called BACK-END databases.

Some important points are as follows:

● To connect to a database from within a programming application, you need a
framework that facilitates communication between two different genres of software
(programming application and DBMS).
● To connect front Python to MYSQL, you need a library called MySQL
connector.
● You must import mysql.connector in the Python program/script before writing code
of connectivity.
 Steps to create a database connectivity Python application are:
Step 1. Start Python: start Python’s editor where you can create your python scripts,
i.e; IDLE.
Step 2. Import the package required for database programming.
Here you need to import mysql.connector package in your python scripts.
Step 3. Open a connection: Here we need to establish a connection to MYSQL
database using connect(). This requires 4 parameters, the syntax for this is as
follows:
<Connection_object> = mysql.connector.connect(host= <host_name>, user=
<username>, passwd =<password> , [database = <databasename>])
Example:
import mysql.connector as m
mydb = m.connect(host =”Iocalhost” , user = ”root", passwd = ”admin", database =”test”)
Step 4. Create a cursor instance.
Here we must create an instance of cursor by using cursor(), the syntax for the followingis
as follows:
<cursorobject> =<connectionobject>.cursor()
i. e; in the above connection we can create cursor() by writing:

mycursor = mydb.cursor()
Step 5: Execute a query. Here we use the execute() with following syntax.
< cursorobject>.execute(‹sql query strings)
i.e; mycursor.execute("select * from data”)
Step 6: Extract data from result set. Here you can fetch the data from the result set by
using fetch( ) functions.
[fetchall(), fetchmany(<n>), fetchone()]
Step 7. Clean up the environment.
● A database Connection object controls the connection to the database.
It represents a unique session with a database connected from within a
script/program.
● A Database Cursor is a special control structure that facilitates the row-by-row
processing of records in the results set, i.e., the set of records retrieved as per
query.
● The results set refers to a logical set of records that are fetched from the
databaseby executing an SQL query and made available to the application
program.
● You can use connect() method for establishing database connection. cursor() to create
a cursor and execute() to execute an SQL query.
● For INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE queries, you must run commit() with the
connection object (Here that is mydb).
OBJECTIVES

➢ My project on “RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM”

give idea about the management in hospital. The package
gives all the information about the details Doctors,
patient, and other worker details medical facilities.
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor Pentium III and above

RAM 256 GB (Minimum)

Hard Disk 20 GB (Minimum)

Printer To print the required documents of the Project

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating System Windows 7 or higher

Front-End Python IDLE 3.6 or higher or Spyder

Back-End MySQL Server 5.5 or higher /

Data Files in Python – Binary files, CSV files

Documentation Microsoft Word 2010 or higher

OUTPUT
TABLE STRUCTURE
OUTPUT TABLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY