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RSC Starters for Ten - Introduction

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58 views7 pages

RSC Starters for Ten - Introduction

Uploaded by

aw15014102800
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Learn Chemistry

Starters for Ten


Introduction
Developed by Dr Kristy Turner, RSC School Teacher Fellow 2011-2012 at the University of Manchester,
and Dr Catherine Smith, RSC School Teacher Fellow 2011-2012 at the University of Leicester
This resource was produced as part of the National HE STEM Programme

www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry
Registered Charity Number 207890
A selection of resources to start Chemistry lessons
for 14-18 year olds

Kristy Turner and Catherine Smith


RSC School Teacher Fellows 2011-2012
Foreword

Kristy graduated from the University of Bradford in 2002 with an MChem degree before taking up a PhD at
the University of Glasgow. The promotion of her research supervisor meant a move to the University of
Manchester in 2004, and in 2006 Kristy moved into secondary teaching through the Graduate Teaching
Programme. She has taught at Westhoughton High School in Bolton, an 11-18 community comprehensive
school since then, ending up as Head of Chemistry. For her fellowship year Kristy returned to the University
of Manchester, and in September 2012 she will return to teaching taking up a new post at Bolton School
Boys’ Division.

Catherine graduated from the University of Sheffield in 1998 with an MChem degree before moving to the
University of Cambridge to undertake PhD studies in organic synthesis. Following postdoctoral work as a
Junior Research Fellow at Girton College, Cambridge, Catherine moved into secondary teaching through the
Graduate Teacher Programme. She has been teaching at John Cleveland College, a 14-19 school in
Hinckley, Leicestershire since 2006 and in 2009 was appointed an Advanced Skills Teacher working to
improve teaching and learning across Leicestershire. For her fellowship year Catherine has been based at
the University of Leicester and will return to John Cleveland College in September 2012.

Introduction

In producing this collection of resources we wanted to make it easy for teachers to plan 3 or 4 part lessons
as part of their teaching of difficult subjects for 14-18 year olds. Incorporating starters and plenaries is
something we’d all like to do in an ideal world but a lack of available resources and time pressures mean we
don’t always manage it. We hope these resources go somewhere to filling that gap.

Kristy Turner and Catherine Smith


2012
CONTENTS

1 Quantitative Chemistry
1.1 The mole
1.1.1 Moles and mass
1.1.2 Mass and concentration
1.1.3 Concentration and dilution
1.1.4 Moles summary
1.2 The ideal gas equation
1.3 Molar gas volume
1.4 Empirical and molecular formulae
1.5 Atom economy
1.6 Titration calculations

2 Atomic Structure
2.1 Development of theories about atomic structure
2.2 Isoelectronic species
2.3 Electrons and orbitals
2.4 Trends in ionisation energy

3 Bonding
3.1 The nature of chemical bonds
3.1.1 Covalent dot and cross
3.1.2 Ionic dot and cross
3.1.3 Types of chemicals bonds
3.1.4 Bonding summary
3.2 Covalent Bonding
3.2.1 Co-ordinate Bonding
3.2.2 Electronegativity and polarity
3.2.3 Intermolecular forces
3.2.4 Shapes of molecules
3.3 Properties and bonding

4 Trends in the Periodic Table


4.1 Period 3
4.1.1 Melting points
4.1.2 Ionisation energy
4.1.3 Atomic radius
4.2 Group 2
4.3 Group 7

5 Organic chemistry
5.1 General and mechanism
5.1.1 Functional groups
5.1.2 Nomenclature
5.1.3 Formulae
5.1.4 Isomerism
5.1.5 Mechanisms and curly arrows
5.1.6 Electrophiles and nucleophiles
5.2 Alkanes and alkenes
5.2.1 Fractional distillation and cracking
5.2.2 Air pollution
5.2.3 Greenhouse effect
5.2.4 Alkanes
5.2.5 Alkanes summary
5.2.6 Free-radical mechanisms
5.2.7 Ozone layer
5.2.8 Electrophilic additions 1
5.2.9 Electrophilic additions 2
5.2.10 Isomerism
5.2.11 Polymers from alkenes
5.3 Haloalkanes and alcohols
5.3.1 Substitution reactions
5.3.2 Haloalkanes – substitution vs elimination
5.3.3 Alcohols
5.3.4 Alcohols as intermediates
5.3.5 Oxidation of alcohols
5.3.6 Biofuels
5.4 Synthetic schemes
5.4.1 Synthetic scheme 1
5.4.2 Synthetic scheme 2
5.4.3 Synthetic scheme 3
6 Thermodynamics
6.1 Definitions
6.2 Calorimetry
6.3 Hess’s law
6.4 Using bond enthalpies

7 Kinetics
7.1 Collision theory
7.2 The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
7.2.1 Sketching Maxwell-Boltzmann
7.2.2 The importance of Maxwell-Boltzmann

8 Equilibria
8.1 What is an equilibrium?
8.2 Le Chateliers
8.3 Equilibria and industry

9 Redox
9.1 Oxidation and reduction
9.1.1 Oxidation numbers
9.1.2 Writing half equations
9.1.3 Half equations to overall equations
9.2 Extraction of metals
9.2.1 Electrolysis of aluminium
9.2.2 Extraction of other metals
9.3 The halogens
9.3.1 Displacement reactions
9.3.2 Ability to reduce sulphuric acid
9.3.3 Uses of chlorine and chlorate(I)
9.3.4 Halogens summary

10 Analysis
10.1 Mass spectrometry
10.1.1 The Mass spectrometer
10.1.2 Isotopic abundances
10.1.3 Molecular mass spectrometry
10.2 Infra-red

11 Experimental skills
11.1 Equipment
11.2 Treatment of errors
11.3 Titrations
11.4 Observation exercises
11.5 Inferences
11.6 Risk

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