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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Thoothukudi

DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE

Anna University Regulation: 2021

AD3391- Database Design and Management

II Year/ III Semester

Question Bank

UNIT-III

Prepared By,

Mrs. S. KIRUTHIKA, AP/AIDS

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UNIT-III
PART - A

1.Why 4NF in Normal Form is more desirable than BCNF?

Ans: Because 4NF minimize the redundancy as well as make storage

management.Redundancy is reduced as we normalize it further and this avoids
consistency problems.

2. Define functional Dependency?

Ans: Functional dependency is a relationship that exists when one attribute

uniquelydetermines another attribute. It R is a relation with attributes X and Y, a
functionaldependency between the attributes is represented as X->Y, which
specifies Y is functionallydependent on X. Functional Dependecny (FD) is a set of
constraints between two attributes ina relation.

3. State the anamolies of 1NF?

Ans: 1NF databases have some problems: Most notable:repetition of datato

change a department name all tuples of the relation need to be updated since
thedepartment name can exist in multiple rows.

4. Explain entity relationship model?

Ans: ER model defines the mapping between the entities in the database ER
model is agraphical representation of real world objects with their attributes and
relationship. It makesthe system easily understandable. This model is considered
as a top down approach fordesigning a requirement.

5What is meant by lossless-join decomposition?We claim the above

decomposition is lossless. How can we decide whether decomposition islossless?
1. Let R be a relation schema.

2. Let F be a set of functional dependencies on R.

3.Let R1and R2 form a decomposition of R. 4. The decomposition is a lossless-

joindecomposition of R if at least one of the following functional dependencies are
in

a. R1∩R2→ R1

b. R1∩R2→ R2

6) Define Boyce codd normal form? Why BCNF Stricter then 3NF?

A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies

if,for all functional dependencies in F. BCNF is stricter than 3NF because each
and every BCNFis relation to 3NF but every 3NF is not relation to BCNF. 4.
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BCNF non-transitionally dependson individual candidate key but there is no such

requirement in 3NF.Hence BCNF is stricterthan 3NF.

7) What is meant by functional dependencies? What are the uses of functional

dependencies?

Consider a relation schema R and α C R and β C R. The functional dependency

holds on relational schema R if in any legal relation r(R), for all pairs of tuples t1
and t2 in rsuch that t1 [α] =t2 [α], and also t1 [β] =t2 [β]. To test relations to
see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. Tospecify
constraints on the set of legal relations.

8)Explain trivial dependency?

Ans :Functional dependency of the form α ->β is trivial if

β Cα Trivial functional dependencies are satisfied by all the relations.

9)What is meant by normalization of data and Denormalization?

Ans : It is a process of analyzing the given relation schemas based on their

Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties
Minimizing redundancy Minimizing insertion, deletion and updating anomalies.
Denormalization: It is the process of attempting to optimize the performance of

a database by adding redundant data or by grouping data.

10.Give the properties of decomposition

Lossless-join decomposition Dependency preservation Repetition of information

11.What is 2NF?

Ans : A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute

A in R isfully functionally dependent on primary key.00

12.Define Domain / key normal form?

It is a normal form used in database normalization which requires that the

database contains no constraints other than domain constraints and key
constraints.

13) What are the desirable properties of decomposition? Lossless join and
dependency preserving are the two desirable properties of decomposition. Lossless
join decomposition property: Let R be the relational schema with instance

r is decomposed into R1,R2,….,Rn

with instance r1,r2,…..,rn.

If r1⋈r2⋈…….⋈
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rn = r , then it is called Lossless Join Decomposition. i.e. if natural joins of all the
decompositions gives the original relation, then it is said to be Lossless Join

Decomposition The second property of decomposition is Depen dency

PreservingDecompositionIf the original table is decomposed into multiple
fragments, then somehow, we suppose to getall original FDs from these
fragments. In other words, every dependency in original table must be preserved
or say, every dependency must be satisfied by at least one decomposed table.

14) What is an entity relationship model?

The entity relationship model is a collection of basic objects called entities and
relationshipamong those objects. An entity is a thing or object in the real world
that is distinguishable from other objects.

15) What are attributes? Give examples.

Ans : An entity is represented by a set of attributes. Attributes are descriptive

properties possessed by each member of an entity set. Example

: possible attributes of customer entityare customer name, customer id, customer

street, customer city.

16) What is relationship? What is meant by the degree of relationship set?

Ans : A relationship is an association among several entities. Example: A

depositorrelationship associates a customer with each account that he/she has. The
degree ofrelationship type is the number of participating entity types

17)Define the terms Entity set and Relationship set? Ans: Entity set: The set of all
entities of the same type is termed as an entity set. Relationshipset: The set of all

relationships of the same type is termed as a relationship set.

18)Define single valued and multivalued attributes.

Ans : Single valued attributes: attributes with a single value for a particular entity
are calledsingle valued attributes. Multivalued attributes: Attributes with a set of
value for a particularentity are called multivalued attributes.

19)What are stored and derived attributes?

Ans :Stored attributes: The attributes stored in a data base are called stored
attributes. Derivedattributes: The attributes that are derived from the stored
attributes are called derivedattributes.

20) Define the terms i) Entity type ii) Entity set

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Entity type: An entity type defines a collection of entities that have the same
attributes.

Entity set: The set of all entities of the same type is termed as an entity set.

21)Define weak and strong entity sets?

Ans :Weak entity set: entity set that do not have key attribute of their own are
called weakentity sets. Strong entity set: Entity set that has a primary key is
termed a strong entity set.

PART – B

1.Construct an E-R diagram for a car insurance company whose customers own
one ormore cars each. Each car has associated with it zero to any number of
recorded accidents.Each insurance policy covers one or more cars, and has one or
more premium paymentsassociated with it. Each payment is for a particular period
of time and has an associated duedate, and the date when the payment was
received?

2Discuss the correspondence between the ER model construct and the relational
modelconstructs. Show how each ER model construct can be mapped to the
relational model.Discuss the option for mapping EER model construct?

3.Explain in detail about Functional Dependencies? Briefly discuss about the

Functional Dependency Concepts?

4.A car rental company maintains a database for all vehicles in its current fleet.
For allvehicles, it includes the vehicle identification number, license number,
manufacturer, model,date of purchase and color. Special data are included for
certain types of vehicles. Trucks:cargo capacity Sports car: horsepower, renter age
requirement Vans: number of passengersOff-road vehicle: ground
clearance,drivetrain(four or two-wheeler drive) Construct an ERmodel for the car
rental company database.

5. State the need for normalization of a Database and Explain the various
Normal Forms(1st , 2 nd,3rd, BCNF, 4th, 5th and

Domain-key) with suitable examples?(Or)Exemplify multi value dependency and

fourth normal form (4NF) and join dependency and fifth 5 3 normal form(5NF)
?((OR)What is Normalization?Explain in detail about all Normal Forms

6. Draw E-R diagram for the “Restaurant menu ordering system” that will
facilitate the food items ordering and services with in a restaurant. The entire
restaurant scenario is detailed asfollows. The customer is able to view the food
items menu, call the waiter, place orders and obtain the final bill through the
computer kept in their table. The waiters through their wireless tablet PC are able
to initializw a table for customer, control the table functions toassist customers,
orders, send orders to food preparation staff(chef) and finalize the
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customers bill. The food preparation staffs(chefs), with their touch-display

interfaces to the system, areable to view orders sent to the kitchen by waiters.
During preparation, they are able to let the waiter know the status of each item and
can send notifications when items are completed. The system should have full
accountability and logging facilities and should support supervisor actions to
account for exceptional circumstances such as meal being refunded or walked out
on?

AD3391- Database Design

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 Click on Subject/Paper under Semester to enter.
Professional English Discrete Mathematics Environmental Sciences
Professional English - - II - HS3252 - MA3354 and Sustainability -
I - HS3152 GE3451
Digital Principles and
Statistics and Probability and
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- CS3351
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3rd Semester
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Database Design and Operating Systems -

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 All Computer Engg Subjects - [ B.E., M.E., ] (Click on Subjects to enter)
Programming in C Computer Networks Operating Systems
Programming and Data Programming and Data Problem Solving and Python
Structures I Structure II Programming
Database Management Systems Computer Architecture Analog and Digital
Communication
Design and Analysis of Microprocessors and Object Oriented Analysis
Algorithms Microcontrollers and Design
Software Engineering Discrete Mathematics Internet Programming
Theory of Computation Computer Graphics Distributed Systems
Mobile Computing Compiler Design Digital Signal Processing
Artificial Intelligence Software Testing Grid and Cloud Computing
Data Ware Housing and Data Cryptography and Resource Management
Mining Network Security Techniques
Service Oriented Architecture Embedded and Real Time Multi - Core Architectures
Systems and Programming
Probability and Queueing Theory Physics for Information Transforms and Partial
Science Differential Equations
Technical English Engineering Physics Engineering Chemistry
Engineering Graphics Total Quality Professional Ethics in
Management Engineering
Basic Electrical and Electronics Problem Solving and Environmental Science and
and Measurement Engineering Python Programming Engineering