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English Notes(Digraphs)

PHONICS, Reading for begginers

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istarlinade
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11 views

English Notes(Digraphs)

PHONICS, Reading for begginers

Uploaded by

istarlinade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vowels

Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O, and U. They can make different


sounds:

1. Short Vowel Sounds:


o A (cat)
o E (bed)
o I (sit)
o O (pot)
o U (cup)
2. Long Vowel Sounds:
o A (cake)
o E (see)
o I (like)
o O (home)
o U (cute)

Consonant Digraphs

A digraph is when two letters combine to make one sound. Here are
some common consonant digraphs:

1. Ch (chat)
2. Sh (ship)
3. Th (this, think)
4. Wh (whale)
5. Ph (phone)

Examples of Consonant Digraphs

● Ch: chat, cheese, much


● Sh: ship, fish, wish
● Th: this, think, bath
● Wh: whale, why, what
● Ph: phone, graph, elephant
Word Chaining

Word chaining is when you change one letter to create a new word.
Here are some examples using vowels and consonant digraphs:

1. Cat → Cut (change A to U)


2. Ship → Shop (change I to O)
3. Path → Bath (change P to B)
4. Chat → Chad (change T to D)
5. Make → Mice (change K to C)

Practice

Try creating your word chains or finding more words with vowels and
consonant digraphs! For example:

● Hot → Not → Net → Bat.

Long Vowel Sounds

Long vowels occur when a vowel is pronounced the same way as its
name. Each long vowel can be spelled in different ways, so
understanding these variations is key.

1. Long A (A)

● Sound: Pronounced like the letter "A" (/eɪ/).


● Common Spellings:
o ai (rain)
o ay (play)
o a-e (cake)
● Example Words:
o Bake: The "a" is long, pronounced like "A."
o Crane: The "a" is long due to the silent "e."
Word Chaining Example:

● Sale → Sail (change E to I).

2. Long E (E)

● Sound: Pronounced like the letter "E" (/iː/).


● Common Spellings:
o ee (tree)
o ea (team)
o e-e (even)
● Example Words:
o Meet: The "e" is pronounced long.
o Seat: The "e" is long because of the vowel team "ea."

Word Chaining Example:

● Feet → Fete (change E to T).

3. Long I (I)

● Sound: Pronounced like the letter "I" (/aɪ/).


● Common Spellings:
o ie (lie)
o igh (high)
o i-e (bike)
● Example Words:
o Time: The "i" is long, influenced by the silent "e."
o Fly: The "y" at the end can also represent a long "I."

Word Chaining Example:

● Mile → Pile (change M to P).

4. Long O (O)

● Sound: Pronounced like the letter "O" (/oʊ/).


● Common Spellings:
o oa (boat)
o oe (toe)
o o-e (home)
● Example Words:
o Stone: The "o" is long due to the silent "e."
o Gloam: The "oa" combination gives a long "o" sound.

Word Chaining Example:

● Cone → Zone (change C to Z).

5. Long U (U)

● Sound: Pronounced like the letter "U" (/juː/).


● Common Spellings:
o ue (blue)
o u-e (cute)
o ew (new)
● Example Words:
o June: The "u" is long, influenced by the silent "e."
o Glue: The "u" is pronounced long due to the "ue."

Word Chaining Example:

● Cure → Sure (change C to S).

Consonant Digraphs

Consonant digraphs are important in phonics because they combine


two letters to create one sound. Here’s a deeper look at some
common digraphs:

1. Ch

● Sound: /ch/, as in "chair."


● Examples:
o Chirp: The "ch" makes the /ch/ sound.
o Cheer: The "ch" also produces the /ch/ sound.
Word Chaining Example:

● Chill → Will (change C to W).

2. Sh

● Sound: /sh/, as in "shoe."


● Examples:
o Shout: The "sh" creates the /sh/ sound.
o Fish: The "sh" is also pronounced /sh/.

Word Chaining Example:

● Shack → Snack (change H to N).

3. Th

● Sound: Can be voiced (/ð/) as in "this" or unvoiced (/θ/) as in


"think."
● Examples:
o That: Voiced /ð/.
o Thing: Unvoiced /θ/.

Word Chaining Example:

● Thick → Tick (change H to I).

4. Wh

● Sound: /wh/, as in "whale."


● Examples:
o Whistle: The "wh" produces the /wh/ sound.
o Whisk: Again, the "wh" is pronounced /wh/.

Word Chaining Example:

● Whip → Ship (change W to S).


5. Ph

● Sound: /f/, as in "phone."


● Examples:
o Photo: The "ph" makes the /f/ sound.
o Graph: The "ph" also produces the /f/ sound.

Word Chaining Example:

● Phase → Face (change P to F).

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