Scribd
Upload
28 views3 pages

5 Us 5 S 87 P Yh L3 Nby 7 ROPW

Uploaded by

supastrikas435435
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views3 pages

5 Us 5 S 87 P Yh L3 Nby 7 ROPW

Uploaded by

supastrikas435435
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current

 It is the current that exists in the region where the electric field and the electric flux is
changing with time.

 The displacement current is given by ID=ε0dΦEdt

o where,ε0 = absolute permittivity of free space,


o dΦEdt= time rate of change of the flux.

Ampere-Maxwell's Law

 According to this law the line integral of the magnetic field(B→) over a closed path is equal
to μ0 times the sum of the conduction current(I) and the displacement curent (ID)

 ∮B→.dl→=μ0I +ε0dΦEdt

Electromagnetic waves

 These are the waves in which the electric and the magnetic field vary sinusoidally at right
angle to each other as well as to the direction of propagation.

 The speed of electromagnetic waves in free space is given by


c=1μ0ε0= 3×108 ms-1.

 For an electromagnetic wave travelling along positive Z-axis, electric field oscillates along
X-axis and is given by Ex = E0 sin (kz − ωt) and magnetic field oscillates along Y-axis and is
given by By = B0 sin (kz − ωt) .

 The relation between the amplitudes of magnetic and electric fields is .


The intensity of electromagnetic wave is given by 12ε02E02c.

 The velocity of light in a material medium is given by

Here,
∈ = permittivity of material medium
μ = permeability of material medium
 Electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum and they also exert pressure, called
radiation pressure.

 When the total energy (U) is transferred to a surface in time t, the magnitude of the total
momentum delivered to the surface is given by

, where c = speed of light

 Hertz set up an experiment in order to produce and detect electromagnetic waves. In this
experiment, a high voltage source causes spark to oscillate and, thus, electromagnetic
waves are produced by the oscillating spark.

 Different electromagnetic waves:


Type Wavelength range
(a) Radio waves >0.1 m
(b) Microwave 0.1 m to 1 mm
(c) Infra-red 1 mm to 700 nm
(d) Visible light 700 nm to 400 nm
(e) Ultra-violet 400 nm to 1 nm
(f) X-rays 1 nm to 10–3 nm
(g) Gamma rays <10–3 nm

 Uses of electromagnetic radiations:

Electromagnetic radiations Uses


In photography, in photosynthesis in plants
Visible Light
and in enabling us to see objects around us
to identify molecular structure of
compounds, ion long distance photography,
Infrared
diagnosing tumors, in TV remote and solar
energy operated devices.
Used as sterilizer, in fluorescent lamps,
UV treatment of diseases skin and bone, in
radiography, to study of crystal structure.
in treatment of cancer and skin diseases,
X-rays locate fractured bones, in radiography, to
study of crystal structure.
in treatment of cancer, used as catalyst in
γ-rays manufacturing of some chemicals, to produce
photoelectric effect, and in radiography.
In RADAR, satellite communication and
Microwave
ovens.
In communication, TV and Radio
Radio wave
broadcasting.

You might also like