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LAB3_report

analog electronics laboratory report: Clamper and Clippers

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18 views

LAB3_report

analog electronics laboratory report: Clamper and Clippers

Uploaded by

ogguzhnozzzz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Preliminary Work III

Clamper and Clippers


In this preliminary work, nonlinear circuit applications of diodes known as clippers and clampers
will be investigated.
Pre-Lab Report
o Please study related topics in reference notes.
o Prepare report with simulation results and schematics. Reports must be completed before
coming to lab.
O Submit your report until March 10, 23:59 to CANVAS and mail to research assistants’
address.
o Submit your preliminary report individually.
References
o Lecture notes

o Neamen, “Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design,” Chapter 2.3


Questions
1. Write application of clippers and clampers with explaining their operations.
Clippers are some kind of limiter circuits; they clip or limit the signal. They can be used
for protecting circuits to prevent from unwanted voltage values. Or they can be used as a
noise removal. Clippers generally build with diodes and resistors; they configured in such
a way that they conduct when the input signal exceeds a certain threshold. When the signal
exceeds this threshold, the diode or transistor conducts, effectively clipping off the excess
portion of the waveform. The clipped waveform is then outputted.
Clampers are level shifters; they can shift the DC level of a waveform. They can be used
in voltage regulation or can be used for restoring a signal to its original DC level as a signal
restorer. Clampers generally consists of resistors and capacitors connected in series. During
the negative half-cycle of the input signal, the diode conducts and charges the capacitor to
the peak value of the input signal minus the diode voltage drop. During the positive half-
cycle, the diode is reverse-biased, and the capacitor discharges through the load resistor,
effectively shifting the DC level of the output signal to the desired value.
2. a. Consider the series clipper with bias circuit of Figure 1 (𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
10 𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω). Simulate the circuit using
oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit simulator) and show the output of oscilloscope
(The graph of the voltage of diode and generator, use the cursor to observe the voltage).
Figure 1. Series clipper with bias

2. b. Consider the series clipper with bias circuit of Figure 1 (𝑉𝑖𝑛 =


10 𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω), reverse the battery
polarity. Simulate the circuit using oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit simulator)
and show the output of oscilloscope (The graph of the voltage of diode and generator, use
the cursor to observe the voltage). Comment on (a) and (b).

In part a, when the generator sends positive waveforms, the diode behaves like a wire, and
the positive part of the sinusoidal wave appears as expected on the oscilloscope. However,
when the generator sends negative waveforms, the diode behaves like an open circuit, and
on the oscilloscope screen, we only see the value of the battery.
In part b, when the generator sends positive waveforms, it behaves the same as in the
above paragraph. However, when the generator sends negative waveforms, we only see the
voltage of the battery on the oscilloscope screen, which is -2 volts.
3. a. Consider the parallel clipper with bias circuit of Figure 2 (𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
20 𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω). Simulate the circuit using
oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit simulator) and show the output of oscilloscope
(The graph of the voltage of diode and generator, use the cursor to observe the voltage).

Figure 2. Parallel clipper with bias


3. b. Consider the parallel clipper with bias circuit of Figure 2 (𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
20 𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω), reverse the battery
polarity. Simulate the circuit using oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit simulator)
and show the output of oscilloscope (The graph of the voltage of diode and generator, use
the cursor to observe the voltage). Comment on (a) and (b).

In part a, when the generator sends positive waveforms, the diode behaves like a wire, and
since the battery's direction is opposite to that of the generator, what we see is Vin - Vb.
However, when the battery sends a negative waveform, the oscilloscope displays the
generator's negative waveform normally.
In part b, When the generator sends a positive waveform, we see Vbattery on the screen,
around -4 volts. When the generator sends a negative waveform, we see the waveform
normally on the oscilloscope, resembling the negative part of the generator's waveform.
4. Simulate the circuit of Figure 3. Show the output of oscilloscope and comment on it.

Figure 3. Parallel-based clipper

As observed, when the generator sends a positive waveform, our circuit operates like in 3(a), and
when the generator sends a negative waveform, our circuit operates like the circuit in 2(b).
5. Explain the advantages of replacing the battery by Zener diode in the clipper circuit.
Replacing a battery with a Zener diode in a clipper circuit provides a lot of advantages,
they cheaper, smaller and we can do simpler designs with them. Maintenance-free
operation is ensured as Zener diodes are solid-state devices, while batteries require
periodic replacement or recharging. And, Zener diodes offer stable and reliable
voltage references across varying conditions, ensuring consistent performance. They
respond instantaneously to input voltage changes, providing rapid and accurate
clipping action without delay, and consume minimal power, making them suitable for
energy-efficient applications.
6. a. Consider the clamper with bias circuit of Figure 4
(𝑉𝑖𝑛 =10𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω, 𝐶1 = 10𝑢𝐹).
Simulate the circuit using oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit simulator) and
show the output of oscilloscope (The graph of the voltage of diode and generator, use
the cursor to observe the voltage).

Figure 4. Clamper
6. b. Consider the clamper with bias circuit of Figure 4 (𝑉𝑖𝑛 =
20𝑉 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡 1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑅1 = 10 𝑘Ω, 𝐶1 = 10𝑢𝐹), reverse the
battery polarity. Simulate the circuit using oscilloscope with Proteus (or another circuit
simulator) and show the output of oscilloscope (The graph of the voltage of diode and
generator, use the cursor to observe the voltage). Comment on (a) and (b).
In part a, when the generator sends a positive waveform, the waveform displayed on the
oscilloscope partially appears as Vin + Vbattery + Vcapacitor. However, when the
generator sends a negative waveform, the value we see on the oscilloscope is Vin +
Vcapacitor-Vbattery.
In part b, when the generator sends a positive waveform, the waveform displayed on the
oscilloscope shows Vin + Vcapacitor. When the generator sends a negative waveform, the
waveform displayed on the oscilloscope shows Vbattery + Vcapacitor.

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