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Introduction

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pauljustine091
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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY(CoET)


DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
TR 111 – ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1
PRACTICAL REPORT NO.5 – HORIZONTAL ANGULAR MEASUREMENT
Group No: 23
PRACTICAL DATE:8TH December,2021
PARTCIPANTS;
S/N NAME REG No
1 FYULA NASHON 2020-04-01880
2 JULIUS AMBROS 2020-04-02936
3 HIZZA MARTIN 2020-04-02337
4 KAPINGA NEHEMIA 2020-04-03425
5 KIBONA BARIKI 2020-04-03783
6 INGABIRE GRACE 2020-04-02060
7 KIGUHA BETTY 2020-04-03848
8 EMMANUEL ALEXANDER 2020-04-01660
9 AHMAD BILALI 2020-04-00746
10 CHIOVITTO BORIS 2020-04-01197
11 ABEDINEGOGASPER 2020-04-01915
INTRODUCTION
This kind of practical results to improvement of angular measurement skill and make a
student aware of using equipment relatable to horizontal angular measurement such as
Theodolite.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this practical was that each student must be able to
• Centre and level the theodolite.
• To read direction to the points of interest.
• To reduce angles from observed direction and test of reliability of the angles
observed.
TASK
The task of the practical was to
• Select a suitable site for carrying out horizontal angular measurement.
• To establish FOUR temporary points P,X,Y and Z wooden pegs on the
ground.
• Determine interior and exterior angles at one point.
• Asses the quality of angle measurement.

EQUIPMENTS
The following are the equipment which were used in the practical
- Theodolite
-Tape measure
-Field book frame
- Tripod stand
-Hammer
-pegs
GENERAL PROCEDURES
The following were the procedures followed during conducting the practical
INTERIOR ANGLES MEASURING PROCEDURES
➢ The theodolite was setup over the ground, centered leveled and starting with 15º
➢ Ranging poles were set up vertically on the ground on points X, Y and Z by the
support of ranging pole stands.
➢ While the theodolite was on face left at P, the instrument was pointed to sight on
point X as the reference object and the horizontal circle reading was taken.
➢ Being on face left the instrument was turned clockwise to sight on Y and Z,
horizontal circle reading were taken.
➢ The telescope was then transited and sighted on Z again while on face right (FR).
The horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded. It was then turned
anticlockwise to sight on point Y with the telescope still on face right. The
horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded.
➢ The telescope was then turned anticlockwise to sight on point X with the telescope
still on face right. The horizontal circle reading was again taken and recorded.
➢ The steps were repeated while the initial horizontal circle reading was 300

EXTERIOR ANGLES MEASURING PROCEDURES


➢ While the theodolite was at point P, the telescope of the instrument was sighted at
point Z on face left position. The initial horizontal reading at approximately 15
degrees. The horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded.
➢ The telescope was turned clockwise to sight on point X still on the face left. The
horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded.
➢ The telescope was transited and sighted on point X at face right position. The
horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded. The telescope was then turned
anticlockwise to sight on point Z with the telescope still on face right. The
horizontal circle reading was taken and recorded.
➢ The steps were repeated while the horizontal circle reading was 30 degrees.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
TARGE FACE LEFT FACE MEAN DIRECTION FINAL REMARK
T RIGHT DIRECTION S
RED.MEAN

º ' ″ ' ″ º ' ″ º ' ″ º ' ″

At P

X 15 07 50 07 40 15 07 45

Y 55 24 20 24 10 55 24 15 40 16 30 40 19 40 XPY

Z 102 31 10 31 30 102 31 20 47 07 05 YPZ

At P

X 30 00 40 00 30 30 00 35

Y 70 23 10 23 40 70 23 25 40 22 50 XPY

Z 117 30 10 30 20 117 30 15 47 06 50 47 06 58 YPZ

At P

Z 15 00 10 00 10 15 00 10

X 287 30 20 30 20 287 30 20 272 30 10 ZPX


272 32 50

Z 30 00 00 00 20 30 00 10

X 302 34 50 34 30 302 34 40 272 34 30 ZPX

Formulae used;

Mean =face left +face right

For total misclosure

Angular Misclosure = 360º - (Ø1 + Ø2 + Ø3)

= 360º00´00˝- (272º32´50˝+40º19´40˝+47º06´58˝)

= 360º00´00˝-359º59´28˝

= 00º00´32˝

The total Angular misclosure= 00º00´32˝

ERRORS DURING PRACTICAL

During the practical work of horizontal angle measurements


1) Inaccurate centering of the theodolite.
2) Parallax error. They arise due to imperfect focusing.
3) Inaccurate bisection of the intended point of sight and non-verticality of ranging rods
4) Irregular refractions due to temperature changes in the field.

RECOMMENDATIONS;
Instruments like shedding umbrellas are required to shed the theodolite from the sunshine to
avoid expansion.
For more experience more practical should be carried out to allow for a gain in experience.
CONCLUSION;
Some errors arose during the field practical and were minimized.
The instruments should be maintained properly for more accurate readings.
All the procedures were followed and the results recorded as shown in the booking sheet.

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