Task 01

1.1 write an overview of UE and UI lesson.

In software development, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) design are essential
components that guarantee the productivity, pleasure, and contentment of the final user when
engaging with a product. Every facet of the end-user's engagement with the business, its
offerings, and its services is included in UX design. Conversely, user interface (UI) design
concentrates on the interactive and visual components of a product’s interface.

User Experience (UX) Desing.

Understanding the complete user experience while interacting with a product or service is the
main goal of user experience design. It takes into account every facet of the user's interaction
journey, encompassing their feelings, thoughts, and actions. In order to promote customer
pleasure and loyalty, UX designers aim to develop products that are easy to use, efficient, and
fun.

User interface (UI) Desing.

The visual and interactive components of a product's interface are the main emphasis of user
interface design. To develop an interface that is both aesthetically pleasing and easy to use, one
must consider factors such as font, colors, graphical layout, and interactive elements. In order to
guarantee that the user's engagement with the product is smooth and intuitive, UI design and UX
design collaborate closely.

1.1.1 defined UE and UI design tool

Graphic design and software: Visual designs, including typography, icons, and images, are
frequently created using graphic design software such as Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and
Sketch. A plethora of capabilities are available in these tools to help designers create visually
appealing user interfaces.
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UI design Prototyping tools: High-fidelity designs and interactive prototypes can be produced
by designers with the use of UI design and prototyping tools such as Figma, Adobe XD, and
Sketch. These tools have functionality for sharing designs with stakeholders and team members,
designing user interface components, and developing design systems.

Collaboration version control Tool: It is easier for designers, developers, and other
stakeholders to collaborate when they use tools like Zeplin, Abstract, and A vocode. With the aid
of these technologies, team members may exchange designs, offer criticism, and keep version
control over their design files.

Animation and interaction Desing Tool: Designers may produce dynamic and engaging user
interfaces with the help of animation and interaction design technologies like Adobe After
Effects, Framer, and Principle. To improve the user experience, these tools include functionality
for prototyping animations, transitions, and small-scale interactions.

1.1.2 Explain the tasks and responsibility of ux/ue

User experience (UX):

1. User research

 observing, surveying, and interviewing users to learn about their needs, goals, and
behaviors.
 examining data to find trends and insights that guide design choices.

2. User persona development

 utilizing research information to create fictitious depictions of target consumers in order

to. Comprehend their motivation, pain issues, demographic
 Making ensuring the product satisfies the needs of its target market by using personas to
inform design choices.

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3. Information architecture.

 creating a user-friendly, intuitive structure and organization for functionality and

information.

 To see how the product is organized, sitemaps, user flows, and wireframes are created.

4.interection Desing

 ensuring that the product's interactive features—such as buttons, menus, and forms—are
intuitive and user-friendly in their design.

 Making prototypes and testing them for usability are two ways to assess how well an
interface design works.

5. Visual design

 creating a cohesive, aesthetically beautiful design that enhances usability and captures the
essence of the company.

 designing the font, color palettes, graphics, and interface components to produce a
compelling user experience.

Responsibility of UX:

 ensuring that the product satisfies the users' requirements and expectations.
 minimizing friction and irritation by designing an intuitive and user-friendly experience.
 working together to accomplish design objectives with cross-functional teams made up of
stakeholders, developers, and designers.
 promoting user-centered design concepts and speaking out for the user at every stage of
the design process.
 constantly refining and enhancing user experience in light of user input and data insights.

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User interface (UI) Designer:

1. Visual design: generating eye-catching designs that appeal to the target market and represent
the company identity. This entails choosing typefaces, color palettes, and visual components to
produce an interface that is visually appealing and unified.

2. UI Components design: creating user interface (UI) elements to make user interactions easier,
like buttons, forms, icons, and navigation menus. Developing standardized design patterns and
rules is part of this to guarantee a smooth user experience.

3.Responsive Design: making certain that the UI is flexible and easily adjusts to various screen
sizes and gadgets. This entails creating interfaces and layouts that are adaptable and scalable on
multiple platforms.

4. Accessibility: creating user interfaces that are inclusive and provide equal access to all users,
even for those with disabilities. This could entail adding functionalities like keyboard navigation,
alternative text, and screen readers.

5. Collaboration: coordinating with developers, UX designers, and other stakeholders to make

that the UI design satisfies technical specifications, corporate objectives, and user demands. This
could entail taking part in cross-functional meetings, brainstorming sessions, and design reviews.

In conclusion, UI designers concentrate on creating the interactive and visual components of the
interface, whereas UX designers concentrate on comprehending and maximizing the entire user
experience. They collaborate to produce digital products that are user-focused, aesthetically
pleasing, and simple to use.

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1.1.3 Advantage of User UI

1. Enhanced Usability: It is simpler for users to explore the product and complete tasks quickly
when the user interface (UI) is well-designed. Improved usability lowers user annoyance and
raises pleasure through rational structure, simple controls, and clear navigation.

2. Improve User Satisfaction: A UI that is both aesthetically pleasing and easy to use can make
a good first impression on users, increasing their satisfaction and loyalty. A well-designed user
interface can create a strong emotional bond between the user and the product by offering a
smooth and engaging user experience.

3. Better Accessibility: Users of different abilities can access and use the product with ease
thanks to an accessible user interface (UI). Accessibility elements like color contrast changes,
keyboard navigation, and screen reader assistance can be incorporated into a well-designed user
interface (UI) to give all users, regardless of disability, equal access.

4. Increased User Engagement: An engaging UI design encourages users to interact more with
the product and explore its features. Interactive elements, animations, and visual feedback can
capture users' attention and encourage them to spend more time using the product, leading to
higher engagement levels.

5. Consistency Across Platforms: A unified user experience and brand identification are
ensured by a UI design that is consistent across many platforms and devices. Users can move
across various devices and platforms without difficulty or inconsistency if design patterns, visual
components, and interactions are kept constant.

6. Faster Learning Curve: New users can grasp the product's operation more quickly when the
user interface (UI) adheres to established conventions and standards. A thoughtfully designed
user interface (UI) makes onboarding easier and encourages users to confidently explore the
product by utilizing known design patterns and user expectations.

7. Reduced Support Coast: A well-designed user interface (UI) can reduce the need for user
support and assistance by offering helpful feedback, simple interactions, and unambiguous

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instructions. A well-designed user interface (UI) can save support expenses and increase overall
efficiency by enabling users to navigate and troubleshoot problems on their own.

8. Competitive Advantage: A strong user interface (UI) can be a crucial distinction in today's
cutthroat market for drawing in and keeping users. A well-designed user interface (UI) can help
establish the product as the top option among consumers by providing a better user experience
than rival products, which will increase client acquisition and retention.

All things considered, there are several benefits to having a well-designed user interface (UI):
better accessibility, more engagement, better user satisfaction, a shorter learning curve, lower
support costs, and a competitive edge. UI design is a necessary investment for products that
provide value to users and propel corporate success.

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1.1.4 UX Methodology
Scenario: You work as an Associate UX Engineer for the cloud-based video platform EVC in Sri
Lanka. Creating an intuitive user interface for EVC is the aim.

Target Audience: We'll concentrate on comprehending the requirements of a certain user base:
movie buffs who regularly buy or rent flicks online.

Methodology: We'll apply a variety of UX research techniques, including:

User Interviews

Goals:

 Recognize the viewing and discovering patterns of movie aficionados on videos.

 Determine the shortcomings and annoyances of the current internet video platforms.
 Learn about their preferences for search and organization features for videos.

Participants: Find five to seven movie buffs who frequently buy or rent DVDs online.

Interview Script: To promote in-depth answers, create a semi-structured interview script with
open-ended questions. As an illustration:

 "Tell me about the last movie you rented or purchased online."

 "What features do you find most helpful when searching for videos?"
 "What frustrates you the most when using online video platforms?"

Analysis: Take notes during and after interviews. Examine the comments to find recurring
themes, problems, and user requirements.

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Card shorting:

Goals:

 Recognize the categories that movie buffs use to group video content.
 Influence the navigation and filtering system design of the EVC video collection.

Participants: Assemble a different group of five to seven film buffs; these people might or
might not be the interview subjects.

Materials: Create a deck of cards with categories (such as Genre, Director, Year, and IMDB
Rating) that correspond to the content of EVC. Card titles or excerpts from videos can also be
included.

Participants' task is to arrange the cards into groups that make sense to them. Take note of their
reasoning and probe further.

Analysis: Examine the participants' classifications of the data. This facilitates the identification
of user preferences and organic groups for video content organization.

Benefits of combining Methods:

Rich data: Comprehensive qualitative data on user wants and motives may be obtained through
interviews. Quantitative information on how people classify information is provided by card
sorting. When combined, they offer a comprehensive picture of the intended audience.

Improve design decision: The card sorting activity can be designed based on insights from
interviews, and the card sorting results can help build the EVC video library interface so that
viewers can easily navigate it.

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1.1.5 Introduced of user Interface

Early user interaction (1940):

 Punch cards and lights were utilized by the ENIAC computer (1945) for human input and
output throughout the 1940s. Due of its complexity, this simple UI only let a small
number of people (about 10–20) to interact with the machine at once.

Character-Based interfaces (1960):

 With the introduction of keypunch terminals and line printers with the IBM 360
mainframe (1964), the user base was able to grow to possibly hundreds of people using
simple character-based interfaces.

Birth of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) (1970):

 The Xerox Alto (1973), regarded as one of the first computers with a graphical user
interface (GUI) employing a mouse and bitmap display, marked a significant
advancement in the 1970s. This signaled a move toward more user-friendly interactions,
even if the number of users was probably still in the hundreds to low thousands.

GUI Goes Mainstream (1980):

 The GUI became widely used with the introduction of user-friendly features like as
windows, menus, and icons in the Apple Lisa (1983) and Macintosh (1984). Millions of
people interacted with UIs for the first time during this era, which was a turning point in
UI development.

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Beyond Computers (on-going):

 Remember that UI is not limited to computers. Early ATMs and arcade games from the
1960s and 1970s featured simple user interfaces.

Evolving Definition of UI:

 Even the meaning of "user interface" has changed throughout time. These days, user
interface (UI) includes not just visual components but also voice commands, touch
interactions, and other modalities.

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1.1.6 Task and reasonable of UI

User-centric Tasks:

 Make tasks easy and efficient: A well-designed user interface should assist users in
doing activities quickly and with the least amount of effort. Features like easy-to-use
navigation, simple actions, and suitable feedback systems fall under this category.
 Reduce cognitive load: Clear, succinct, and well-organized information is presented via
a user interface (UI) to reduce cognitive load on users. This entails employing suitable
language, recognizable patterns, and consistent layouts.
 Increase user satisfaction: Easy-to-use and aesthetically pleasing user interfaces (UIs)
may enhance the user experience and boost satisfaction and loyalty.
 Provide clear communication: The user interface (UI) should efficiently convey
information to the user, such as updates on system status, feedback messages, and
instructions. This guarantees that consumers are aware of what is going on and what steps
they may take.
 Enable user exploration and discovery: Users may explore features, find new
functionalities, and customize their experience with a well-designed user interface.

System-centric Task:

 Gather user input: The user interface (UI) collects input from the user using a variety of
forms, buttons, text fields, and selection menus to enable user interaction with the system.
 Display information: The user interface (UI) provides information to the user in an
organized and eye-catching manner. Text, pictures, videos, charts, and other data
visualizations can all be a part of this.
 Control system behavior: Certain system operations or activities are triggered by user
actions via the user interface. A button click may, for instance, start a search, open a new
window, or save data.
 Maintain System state: The user interface (UI) gives consumers context and knowledge
of their actions and the system's reaction by reflecting the present state of the system.

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  Provide user feedback: This can be accomplished by haptic feedback (vibration) for
touch-based interfaces, audio signals (beeps, chimes), or visual indications (progress bars,
confirmation messages).

1.1.7 Advantage of UI

For Users:

Improved user experience (UX): A user interface with good design is simple to use, intuitive,
and reduces irritation. Users benefit from a more efficient and pleasurable experience as a result,
which makes it easier and faster for them to achieve their objectives.

Increased user satisfaction: Users are more likely to be happy with the entire product or service
when they can easily discover what they need through the interface. Positive word-of-mouth
referrals and recurring business can result from this contentment.

Reduces Learning Curve: Users don't need to spend much time learning how to utilize an
intuitive user interface (UI). This is particularly crucial in order to draw in new users who might
not be acquainted with the system.

Increased Efficiency: A well-designed user interface (UI) may greatly increase user productivity
by streamlining processes and cutting out pointless stages. As a result, users may do jobs more
quickly and with less effort.

Reduced Errors: User mistakes and misunderstanding are reduced when UI design is clear and
consistent. Users experience less annoyance and lost time as a result.

Accessibility: The consideration of accessibility rules in UI design ensures that it is useable by

those with impairments. This increases the user base and guarantees a satisfying experience for
everybody.

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For Business:

Increased user Engagement: Users are more likely to experiment with features, find new
functionality, and spend more time interacting with the system when it has an intuitive user
interface. Increased user loyalty and engagement may result from this.

Improved Brand image: A well-designed and eye-catching user interface enhances a business's
brand image. With users, this can increase credibility and confidence.

Reduced support coast: User inquiries for assistance can be reduced with a simple user
interface. This results in reduced expenses for companies providing customer service.

Increased conversion Rates: Users can be directed toward desired behaviors, such making
purchases, signing up for services, or filling out forms, by using a well-designed user interface.
Businesses may see greater conversion rates and more income as a result of this.

Competitive Advantage: In today's cutthroat industry, a user-friendly user interface may set a
company apart from its rivals. Providing an excellent user experience helps draw in new clients
while keeping hold of current ones.

Improved Development Efficiency: Early UI design considerations might help to speed up

development by seeing any problems with usability early on. During development, this saves
time and resources.

Reduced maintain Coast: Compared to a badly designed user interface, a well-designed one is
frequently simpler to update and maintain. This decreases a company's long-term expenses.

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1.1.8 UI Methodology

The term "user interface" (UI) methodology describes an organized process for creating and
designing user interfaces. It entails a number of procedures that guarantee the user interface (UI)
is not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional, effective, and fits the demands of the
intended user base. This is a summary of a typical user interface approach:

1. User research:

During this stage, data on the target users' requirements, habits, and pain points must be
gathered. To get important insights, methods including surveys, usability testing, and user
interviews are employed.

2. Information Architecture (IA):

The IA establishes how the material is arranged and structured inside the UI based on user
research. This guarantees that users may locate and access information in a logical and user-
friendly manner.

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1.1.9 Different Between User Experience and user Interfaces

Figure I Different between user experience and user interface

(Source – bootcamp,2023)

User Experience (UX) User Interface (UI)

Focuses on the overall user journey and Focuses on the visual elements and layout of
satisfaction, the product.
Encompasses usability, Accessibility, Includes colors, typography, buttons, icons
desirability. and screen layout.
Creates products that are easy to use and Create visually appealing and intuitive
enjoyable. interfaces.
Involves user research, information Involves visual design, interaction design and
architecture, prototyping and testing, usability testing.
Measures success by user satisfaction, Measures success by user interaction, task
engagement and loyalty. completion rates and error rates.
Considers user needs, emotions and Focuses on the look and feel of the product.
behaviors,
Table 1 User experience and user interfaces

(Source – softnet.2023)

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1.1.10 Specific form of user Experience

1. Based on user interaction

 Interaction Design: focuses on the interface, navigation, and user flow design as well as
the way
 Information Architecture: makes it simple for visitors to locate the information they
need by arranging material and information in an intelligible and straightforward manner.
 Usability: evaluates the ease of use, memory, and learning of a system.
 Accessibility: Verifies that those with impairments can utilize the goods or service.

2. Based on user Perception

 Visual Design: Emphasizes the interface's visual hierarchy and aesthetic attractiveness.
 Emotional Design: tries to elicit pleasant feelings in people by considering their
experiences engaging with a product.
 Brand Experience: influences how a brand is perceived overall through its interactions
with consumers.

3. Based on user context

 Mobile UX: Customized interactions between products and users on tablets or

smartphones.
 Wearable UX: Design factors must be considered for body-worn electronics like fitness
trackers and smartwatches.
 Voice UX: Creating voice-activated interfaces for virtual assistants and smart speakers,
for example.

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4.Based on User Goals

 E-commerce UX: enhancing the client experience when they shop online.
 Social UX: creating platforms that encourage participation and social interaction.
 Gaming UX: Developing engaging and entertaining video game experiences.

(Source – Authors Work)

1.1.11 Specific forms of user interface

There are different forms of User Interfaces in use such as, Command Line Interface. Graphical
User Interface. Menu Driven Interface. Form Based Interface.

Traditional UI Types

1. Command line interface (CLI)

 Text based interaction with a computer using commands.

 Highly Efficient for experienced users.
 Examples: Linux, shell, Dos.

2. Graphical user interface

 Visual representation of computer Function using icons, windows, menus.

 Intuitive and user Friendly.
 Examples: windows, macOS, Android.

3. Menu Driven interfaces.

 Presents option though menus for users to select.

 Suitable for limited functionality applications.
 Examples: ATMs

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Mordan UI Types:

1. Web user interface (WUI)

 Designed for interaction through web browsers.

 Dynamic and interactive content.
 Examples: E commerce website, web application

2. Natural language interface (NLI)

 Enable users to interact with computers using naturel language.

 Example: voice assistants like Siri, Alexa

3. Touchscreen Graphical User interface (TGUI)

 Designed for touch-based interaction.

 Commonly used in smartphone and tablets.
 Examples: IOS, Android

Emerging UI Types:

Virtual reality user interface

 Immersive 3D environment for interaction

 Using in gaming and Virtual experience

(Source – Authors Work)

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1.1.12 End Users
The end user's demands must come first for those involved in the creation, development, testing,
and marketing of any successful product or service, not their own. The final stage, once all the
previously described procedures are complete, is delivery to the end user, with the intention of
enabling the end user to do something that was before unattainable.

For instance, while creating a software platform for trading foreign exchange, a computer
programmer would have to consider the degree of interface complexity and the actions taken by
the end user, including how the customer would approach a trade, what the trader would need to
see, how they would access data and information, how trades would be carried out, and what
would need to be done after a trade.

(Source - “End User: Definition, Examples, vs. Customer.” Investopedia, 2024,)

1.1.13 End user in E-video cloud

1. Content creators (E-video producers)

 Music Producer, directors and video creators: These individuals will use the E-video
producer network to upload, manage and distribute their video content.
 Register and sign up, publish/unpublish videos, monitor distribution, manage account
balance.

2. Video Consumers

 General public: individuals who want to watch videos

 Search for videos, rent or purchase videos, manage video library, create playlists, gift
videos

Within these broad categories, there can be further segmentation based on factors like:

 Age: Different age groups might have varying preferences for video content and platform
usage.
 Tech savviness: users comfort level with technology can influence their interaction with
the platform.

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  Content preferences: Different users might prefer different genres, formats or video
length.

Designing an intuitive and captivating EVC platform requires a thorough understanding of the
unique requirements and behaviors of various end-user groups.

(Source – authors work)

1.1.13 End user Testing

A crucial stage in the software development lifecycle is end-user testing, during which actual
users assess the product to find any bugs, usability flaws, or performance bottlenecks. It entails
seeing consumers engage with the product in a regulated or actual setting.

What Makes End-User Testing Crucial?

 Real-world insights: Offers insightful commentary from the intended audience.

 Enhances Usability: Assists in finding usability problems and enhances user experience.
 Error Detection: Finds errors and flaws that were maybe overlooked during earlier
testing stages.
 Validation of Requirements: Ensures the product meets the needs and expectations of
end users.
 Performance Evaluation: Assesses the product's performance under real-world
conditions.

Types of End User Testing

 Usability Testing: Focuses on how easy the product is to use and learn.
 Beta Testing: Involves releasing a pre-release version of the product to a larger group of
users for testing.
 Alpha Testing: early-stage testing to find important problems with a small user base.
 Acceptance Testing: confirms that the product satisfies the necessary specifications and
is prepared for release.

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Conducting End-user Testing

 Find Participants: Choose individuals who best embody the intended audience.
 Create Test Scenarios: Assemble scenarios or activities that users must complete.
 Observe and Record: As you see people engage with the product, note their responses
and behaviors.
 Analyze Results: Identify patterns, issues, and areas for improvement.
 Iterate: Include consumer input in the process of developing new products.

You may greatly improve the caliber and usability of your product by including end customers in
the testing process.

End User Testing Process

1. Define Testing Objectives

 Clearly outline the goals of the testing.

 Determine what specific aspect of the product you want to evaluate (usability,
performance, Functionality)

2. Select Test Participants

 Determine who the product's intended user group is.

 Seek out participants who, in terms of usage habits, technical skill, and demographics,
accurately reflect the target audience.

3. Develop Test Scenarios

 Make activities or situations that reflect how the product might be used in the actual
world.
 Ensure the scenarios cover different aspects of the product's functionality.

4. Prepare Test Environment

 Configure the testing environment to approximate real-world circumstances as much as

feasible.
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  Supply the required hardware and software.

5. Conduct the Test

 Watch the participants as they work on the assignments.

 Urge others to think out loud so you can see how they are thinking.
 Gather both quantitative and qualitative data, including job completion times, mistake
rates, and user comments.

6. Analyze Test Results

 Examine the gathered data to find areas that need improvement, performance bottlenecks,
and usability problems.
 Sort the results according to how they will affect the user experience.

7. Iterate and improve

 As you create and build a product, consider the input from users.
 Make the required adjustments to improve the product's functionality and usefulness.

You may learn a great deal about how end customers engage with your product by following
these procedures and closely examining the findings. Then, you can make the required
modifications to improve their experience.

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1.1.14 E Video Producer Network
 Registration/Sign-up
 Clear and straightforward registration process with minimal required fields.
 Option to sign up using social media accounts for ease.
 Verification process to ensure the authenticity of music producers.

Dashboard

 Overview of published videos, account balance, and withdrawal options.

 Quick access to publishing/unpublishing features.
 Real-time monitoring of video distribution with detailed analytics.

E Video Discovery

 Search Functionality
 Robust search functionality with filters for artists, directors, and producers.
 Autocomplete suggestions to enhance search efficiency.

My Library

Well-organized library with sections for films, videos, and playlists.

Sorting options by IMDB ratings, genre, year, and source.

Easy navigation and visual cues for differentiating rented, owned, and gifted content.

User Profile

Users, both music producers and general viewers, should have user profiles with customizable
avatars, usernames, and other relevant information.

EM Player

Intuitive controls for play, pause, skip, volume, and Fullscreen.

Playlist manipulation options easily accessible.

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Settings

 Visual Appearance
 Customization options for themes, colors, and font sizes.

Language Settings

Options for users to choose their preferred Theme

(Source: Authors Work)

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1.2.1 Type of user experience and user interface and interface design

The greatest friends a designer can have been UI/UX design tools, which provide full-suite
capabilities for designing, enhancing, and testing user interfaces and experiences. They provide
designers with the ability to transform these abstract ideas into user-centered designs that
effectively communicate with the intended audiences. It enables them to manage the iterative
procedures of including wireframing, prototyping, usability testing, and user research. They
improve design workflows and shorten time-to-market by encouraging feedback and
collaboration, all while improving the overall quality of the product. These technologies adapt to
the needs of changing design trends and dynamic user behaviors as technology advances. This
constantly changing UI/UX design tool ensures impactful, intuitive, and innovative digital
experiences by demonstrating a dedication to innovation and user-centered design concepts.

Category Tool Description

Wireframe & prototyping Sketch well-liked vector-based design tool with a
Tool focus on usability and simplicity

Figma Real-time collaboration enabled by a cloud-

based design tool that is ideal for distant
teams

Adobe XD Adaptable design and prototype tool with

good Adobe Creative Cloud app integration.

User Flow Diagram Lucid chart Visualize user journeys and create user flow
diagrams using this web-based diagramming
tool.

Miro Collaborative online whiteboard platform

used for creating user flows and conducting

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 design workshops
Interactive Prototyping In Vision Tool for prototyping that makes it possible to
create interactive prototypes and get user and
stakeholder input
Axure Rp sophisticated tool for developing interactive
prototypes with logic and dynamic
components.
Usability testing & User Testing platform for getting user input on UI designs
Feedback and performing remote usability testing.
Collaboration & Vision GitHub method for version control that allows users
control to work together on UI design files and
manage modifications.

Slack Microsoft Tools that facilitate team cooperation and

Teams communication.

Design Guidelines and Icon Material Desing Google's extensive collection of design
Libs Guideline elements and guidelines for producing UIs
that are visually appealing and consistent.
Font awesome Popular icon library offering a wide range of
icons for UI design.
Accessibility Testing tools AXE A free and open-source accessibility
evaluation tool to make sure user interface
designs are usable by people with
impairments.
Wave A web-based tool for evaluating the
accessibility of online content.
Color & typography tool Adobe color A tool for selecting easily readable and
wheel aesthetically pleasing color schemes.
Google fonts Offers a wide selection of web fonts to

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 enhance typography in UI.
User research and analytics Google offers perceptions into platform user
Tools analytics behavior

User Interviews A platform that recruits people for interviews

and usability testing.
Device Emulators & Browser Built-in developer tools in browsers for
Responsive developer tools responsive design testing
Desing tools Repository Web-based tool for checking design on
various devices and screen sizes
Table 2 User interface & design Tools

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1.3 Analyze the impact of common User Experience and Interface Design methodology in
the software development lifecycle.

1.3.1 Software development Life cycle

A methodical approach to software development, the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
directs the process from original design through maintenance and upgrades. Including planning,
analysis, design, and development as its seven main phases, The SDLC guarantees a systematic
and ordered process for testing, implementation, and maintenance. software project
advancement.

Figure II Software development Life cycle

Source (Authors Work)

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Phases Disadvantage Disadvantage
Requirement Requirements gathering with an emphasis on An excessive focus on user
Gathering user experience (UX) guarantees that the input could result in feature
finished product satisfies user needs and bloat or scope inflation,
expectations, increasing user happiness. Later which would affect project
in the development process, scope creep and budgets and schedules.
rework are less likely when user needs are
clearly understood.

Desing Interfaces that are clear and easy to use are the If not well managed, complex
product of UX-driven design, which increases design iterations can raise
user adoption and engagement. Usability development costs and
testing and prototyping are examples of project delays.
iterative design approaches that identify
usability concerns early on and minimize
design errors and rework.
Testing Early usability issue detection through If testing procedures are not
usability testing and UAT enables prompt user properly designed and carried
experience enhancements. Iterative design out, they could cause delays
modifications are informed by user feedback in the development timeline.
obtained during testing, resulting in a product
that is increasingly refined and user centric.

Deployment Good user experiences encourage user uptake Users may become frustrated
and retention, which boosts the product's and provide negative
lifetime and success. Improved user feedback because of poorly
satisfaction and lower attrition are achieved managed installations or
through smooth onboarding procedures and inadequate support. harming
transparent announcement of new features. the reputation of the product.

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 Maintains Ongoing monitoring of user feedback and If not well handled, constant
and iteration analytics guides iterative improvements, iteration could result in
ensuring that the product remains usability problems or feature
competitive and aligned with user needs. overload. Taking into account
Regular updates based on user insights the demands of users and
foster user loyalty and engagement over priorities
time
Table 3 Define SDLC

1.3.2 Impact of User experience in SDLC

The user interface (UI) plays a prominent role in every stage of the Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). UI considerations towards the end of the requirements-gathering phase help in
building an interface by outlining the users' expectations and needs. At this stage, all the Wires,
Mockups and Style guides are translated by UI designers into pleasant and usable interfaces
ready for the interfaces for the system being designed for. This design is later on used during the
development stage, where the program is worked on by developers with the inclusion of the UI
components into the structure to ensure technical viability and design requirements adherence.
UI testing then follows that and it focuses on making sure the interface can be performed as it is
supposed to, on each and every existing platform and device, including usability and
accessibility issues. A carefully thought out and executed user interface (UI) has an impact on
how willing the users are to accept and the degree of satisfaction they experience after the
product is deployed, hence, aiding in the success of the product. Last but not least, often small
adjustments to the UI, due to customers’ preferences and fresh new design ideas, assure practice
that the product is always up to date, appealing and easy in use over the period of maintenance
and iteration of the product. So, it can be said that a user interface (UI) is very important in
enhancing the user experience, fueling user participation, and in conclusion contributing to the
success of the software product within the software development life cycle (SDLC).

1.3.3 Define mythology Used

The agile method offers certain benefits over the classic methods in the case of a project like
EVC. To start with, Agile fosters constant interactions and feedback among developers,
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designers, and stakeholders making it impossible to stray off the user’s expectations. This
ensures that the EVC team can deal with the changing trends in the market and the demands of
the users in a very short period, hence making it useful in the stiff competition in the market.
Because of the main idea of flexible planning, evolution and delivery its almost all development
projects are done on agile ‘the team of EVC can deliver functional parts of the platform after a
certain period, hence value is delivered to users and stakeholders timely. Development end goal
ascertains that lower volumes of resources are operated at each development cycle stage.

Eastern philosophy of project management is made possible by development lifecycle with

transparency and visibility provided by software demonstrations and regular updates on project
development activities. As a result, trust and cooperation of team members and other
stakeholders is enhanced allowing for productive decisions and effective coping with the
project’s objectives.

Agile methodology provides the necessary degree of flexibility, adaptability and cooperation that
is essential for the effective implementation of EVC platform in the current expanding market.
Its iterative approach and customer satisfaction orientation define the reasons behind its
popularity in undertakings where changes during the project are expected and creativity is of
necessity.

1.4 Review specific forms of User Experience and Interface Design and advantages and
disadvantages of end-user testing requirements for appropriateness to different testing
outcomes.
1. The Principle of Less is More

UX Design: - While designing the UI components, heavy load screens have been eliminated such
that the users can perform all the tasks in an easier way.

in minimalistic design the focus is on the elements necessary only which leads to less mess and
makes it user friendly.

UI Design: - Minimalistic design of user interfaces incorporate such aspects as less number of
visual elements on the control, more white space, and less complicated menus. The aim is to

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provide a sharpening experience where the users will be able to use the system without losing
focus on it.

2. Well Defined Calls to Action

UX Design: - Interactions with the product are made simple by the use of clear cut CTAs which
enhance the conversion rate of the users. Indirectly CTAs seem to attract attention and compel
the user to take some action.

UI Design: - Calls To Action include buttons or links that draw attention to the user and cause the
user to act. CTAs are always styled and placed the same way to improve usability and provide
better navigation.

3. Responsible design

UX Design – It makes sure that the user experience is optimal regardless of the devices and the
screen size. One great ID design does not have similar layout and content, one structure embeds
the other while chemically anatomical Elon gout portions predictively ensuring swiftness and
availability.

UI Design: UI responses modify their appearance and the way they interact with the user
according to the user’s device. This allows for unobstructed readability and interaction. Adaptive
layouts and flexible design elements help the user interface fit different screen sizes.

4. Management of Error and Validation

UX Design: - Users have no burns out and they go all through the processes and get to finish
with the task. However, if errors such as those in the starting kit immerge, messages about the
errors, inline message confirmation clarification and affirmation of the prevention of the error
helps improve user experience.

UI Design: - With the help of eye-candy elements such as color, rotation, and edging, it is easy to
tell when an input is considered valid or invalid. Usability of integration is also strengthened
with unique messages that inform the user about the mistake and why the software could not
perform the required action.

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5. Outcome

UX Design Visual feedback serves the purpose of keeping the user informed whether an activity
they have performed, or the system has performed has been registered or not thereby enhancing
the interactivity involved.

1.4.1 Define End user testing

Advantage Disadvantage
helps developers comprehend real-world user can be resource-intensive; recruiting
behaviors and preferences by offering volunteers, running tests, and properly
insightful information about how users analyzing the results can take a lot of time,
interact with the app. energy, and resources.
enables prompt resolution and user interface It can be difficult to test across several
optimization by revealing usability problems platforms, devices, and situations to guarantee
that might have gone unnoticed during earlier thorough coverage, particularly for intricate
development phases. software systems with a wide range of
functionalities.
increases user engagement and loyalty by It might be difficult to successfully prioritize
addressing user feedback and improving the improvements and generalize findings when
program in response to end-user testing end-user testing results are subjective and
results. impacted by personal preferences and
prejudices.
confirms that the user interface and features It's possible that biased participant selection
are created with the end user in mind and that and test result interpretation will distort the
the product satisfies user expectations and results and produce false conclusions
needs. regarding the software's performance and
usability.
acts as a vital barrier to prevent errors and may be narrowly focused, ignoring technical
flaws from reaching end users, allowing problems and performance snags that could
developers to find and address problems prior affect the overall quality of the software in
to the software's official release. favor of usability and user experience.

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 enhances the overall quality of the product by It can be difficult to guarantee consistent test
integrating user input and continuously execution and adherence to testing methods
improving the program using data from actual across various testing settings and sessions,
usage. which could have an impact on the validity
and reliability of test results.

aids in verifying the software's scalability and May be constrained by time limitations,
performance across various use cases, especially in fast-paced development
environments where there is pressure to
guaranteeing ideal responsiveness, speed, and
release software quickly, potentially
resource usage.
compromising the thoroughness and
effectiveness of testing efforts.
Table 4 Advantage & Disadvantage

(Source: UTOR 2021, Advantages of Usability Testing)

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1.5 Evaluate specific forms of User Experience and Interface Design and justify their use in
a User Interface concept.

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Activity 02

2.1 Review different end users of EMC using standard user categorization Classification
and Behavior Modeling technique.

END User

The persons whose jobs need them to have access to the database in order to query, update, and
generate reports are known as end users. Their usage is the main purpose of the database.

Categories of end Users

 Casual End Users

These are the users that periodically visit the database, but each time they do, they need a distinct
set of details. They are usually middle or level managers or other infrequent browsers, and they
describe their request using a complex database query language.

 Naive of parametric end user

These users comprise a significant proportion of database end users. The primary task of the job
is to continuously query and update the database. To do this, we utilize a common query type
called a canned transaction, which has been tested and coded. The following is what gullible end
customers do.

 The bank employee will essentially inform us of our account balance, post-withdrawal
information, and deposits.
 Reservation clerks make reservations and verify the availability of a particular request for
hotels, airlines, trains, and automobile rental firms.

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  In order to maintain a central database of received and in-transit items, clerks working at
the receiving end of shipping businesses input package identifiers through barcodes and
descriptive information using buttons.
 Sophisticated end users

These users include scientists, engineers, business analysts, and others who have a solid
understanding of the program's features and can implement their application to suit difficult
requirements.

 Standalone users

These are the users whose responsibility it is to manage personal databases using pre-made
software packages with user-friendly menu- or graphics-based interfaces. A user of a tax package
that keeps a range of personal financial information for tax purposes is one example. These users
master the usage of a certain software program.

Behavior Modeling technics

The process of teaching employees how to accomplish something by demonstrating the standard
modeled behavior is known as behavior modeling and is a component of the Social Learning
Theory. This method is based on the idea that people inherently pick up knowledge via hands-on
experience.

Behavior modeling is a common tool used by financial institutions to determine the proportion of
consumers who are likely to utilize their services. To predict future behavior, a credit card issuer
may, for instance, look at the kinds of establishments a credit card has typically been used at and
the volume of transactions made there. Behavior modeling is another tool that retailers may use
to estimate client purchases. For instance, a merchant may look into the kinds of things a
customer buys online and in-store to determine how likely it is that the consumer would buy a
new product based on past purchases.

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Personas
In UX design, a persona is a user profile that reflects a subset of your intended audience. You
may construct as many personas as you like for a project in order to reflect a variety of user
demands and preferences. To provide value to your target audience, the solutions you build must
address these demands.

Personas are usually developed at the project definition stage in order to gain a deeper
understanding of the particular requirements of your intended audience. Throughout the project
lifetime, a persona has served as a guide to make sure that every choice is made to meet the
needs of the identified personas. You should not be creating functionality or your personas are
inaccurate if it does not directly meet a persona's demand.

Persona information ought to be derived from research involving actual or potential users.
Making up a set of personas that perfectly fit internal project needs is much too simple. Personas
should also be modified from time to time because needs, attitudes, and perceptions might
change.

Usually, you would have many personas, but try not to create too many. If just a few
personalities adequately depict your audience, think about dividing them into primary and
secondary groups, with the primary receiving the most of your attention. Usually, a member of
the design team in charge of requirements, research, or user experience creates personas.
Personas are used on most projects, and they frequently aid in defining the first selection of tales
that we may investigate.

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