Subject Code: XXXXX

Roll No:

BTECH
(SEM-5) OPTICAL COMMUNICATION 2021-22

TIME:3 HOUR Total Marks: 100

Instruction: Attempt the questions as per the given instructions. Assume missing data suitably.

SECTION - A

Attempt All Parts in Brief 2*10 = 20

Q1 Questions Marks

(a) Define acceptance angle and numerical aperture. 2

(b) Explain normalized frequency (V) value in a multimode and single mode optical fiber. 2

(c) Classify different types of nonlinear scattering in an optical fiber. 2

(d) Differentiate between electrical and optical bandwidth using frequency response curve. 2

(e) Explain the importance of double hetereo-junction structures in an optical source. 2

(f) Plot the effect of temperature on the avalanche gain of a photodiode. 2

(g) Define receiver sensitivity and quantum limit. 2

(h) Define intrinsic and extrinsic absorption in an optical fiber. 2

(i) Formulate the condition of minimum gain in Fabry-Perot cavity to sustain oscillation. 2

(j) Define stimulated emission. 2

SECTION - B
Attempt Any Three of the following 3*10 = 30

Q2 Questions Marks

(a) Find out the relationship between acceptance angle and refractive indices of core, cladding and medium for a 10
light ray incident on the fiber core. Calculate the numerical aperture of step index fiber having core refractive
index of 1.56 and cladding refractive index as 1.40.

(b) Define attenuation. Consider a 30 km long optical fiber working at wavelength (𝛌) of 130 nm and has an 10
attenuation of 0.4 dB/km, find out the output optical power if 200 μW of optical power is launched into the
fiber.

(c) Define population inversion. Also derive the threshold condition for laser oscillations to sustain. 10

(d) Explain the possible noise sources in a photodiode. Also explain quantum noise in detail. 10

(e) Discuss free space optics (FSO) based communication systems. 10

SECTION - C

Attempt Any One of the following 5*10 = 50

Q3 Questions Marks

(a) Classify optical fibers on the basis of number of modes and core refractive index profile. 10

(b) A multimode step index fiber with core diameter of 70 um, relative refractive index difference of 1.7% is 10
operating at a wavelength of 0.85 μm. If the core refractive index is 1.48, estimate
i. Normalized frequency
ii. Number of guided modes.

Q4 Questions Marks

(a) Determine the rms pulse broadening (σs) due to intermodal dispersion in terms of core refractive index (n1), 10
cladding refractive index (n2) and the length of fiber for a multimode step index fiber. A 6 km optical link
consists of multimode step index fiber with a core refractive index of 1.5 and a relative refractive index
difference of 1%. Estimate the delay difference between the slowest and fastest modes.

(b) Explain the bending losses in an optical fiber, also calculate the critical radius of curvature for a multimode 10
fiber with a core refractive index of 1.8, a relative refractive index difference of 4 % and an operating
wavelength of 0.82 μm.

Q5 Questions Marks

(a) Explain Fabry Perot resonating cavity. A ruby laser contains a crystal of length 5 cm with a refractive index 10
of 1.67. The peak emission wavelength from the device is 0.65 μm. Determine the no of longitudinal modes
and their frequency separation.
(b) Explain S-LED and E-LED structures with the help of proper diagram. 10

Q6 Questions Marks

(a) Explain principle, construction and working ofp-i-n diode. Discuss the factors which limit the speed of 10
response of a photodiode.

(b) Discuss the requirements of an ideal photo detector, also explain the construction and working of avalanche 10
photodiode.

Q7 Questions Marks

(a) Discuss eye pattern features in an optical communication, also comment on ISI using eye diagram. 10

(b) Illustrate power penalty in an optical communication. Also explain different types of power penalties. 10