Unit 4: Things/ Production - Lesson 11

This lesson includes: Learn how to deal with Process - Writing task 1

THEORY

The diagram below shows how oil is extracted in the production of perfume.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

A - Overview analysis:
● Linear or cyclical process: …………………………………………………………………...
● Number of steps: ……………………………………………………………………………...
● First step (input): ……………………………………………………………………………...
● Final step (output): ……………………………………………………………………………

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B - Introduction: Paraphrase the question
Template for manufacturing process:
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] + how + … + is/ are [produced/
manufactured/ made].
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] how to [produce/ make/
manufacture]…
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] the process of [producing/
manufacturing/ making]…
Template for natural process:
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] + how + a/ an + … + grows
during its lifespan.
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] the stages in the lifespan of…
● The diagram [shows/ describes/ illustrates/ depicts] the growth of…
Write your introduction:
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C - Overview
Template:
● There are… main [stages/ steps] involved in the process of producing…, beginning
with… and ending with…
● The… involves/ consists of/ includes… main steps/ stages, beginning with… and
finishing with…
● In general/ Overall, the cycle begins when…
Write your overview:
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D - Body
1. Analyze the process:
Choose the appropriate words in the box to complete the following summary.

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 ● Body 1:

vessel | heated | steam | aromatic plants | another chamber | moisture | plant oil | a vaporizer

○ Step 1: water is ........................... → generate ......................... →

channel to a larger ......................... containing .........................
○ Step 2: heated ......................... from the boiler is utilized as .........................
→ extract ......................... → the steam and oil vapor are
transported to .........................
● Body 2:

solvent | a separator | distilled | liquefied with | the container | impurities | refined

○ Step 3: the mixture is......................... cold and hot water at the bottom and
top of .........................
○ Step 4: .........................is then sent to ......................... → the
.........................are removed → ......................... essential oil
and ......................... hydrolat

2. Useful languages - Time connectors:

● First steps:
○ To begin with/ First (of all)/ In the first step, At the first stage of the process,…
○ The first step/ stage of the process is…
○ The process begins with…
○ The process starts when…
● Next steps:
○ At the following/ next/ subsequent stage/ step,…
○ This is followed by…
○ Following that,…
○ After that/ Then/ Subsequently,…
○ …afterwards.
○ After + [V-ing/ clause],…
○ Before + [V-ing/ clause],…
○ The process continues with…
● Last steps:
○ Finally/ Lastly,…
○ The last/ final process/ step is that…

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 ○ The process finishes/ ends with...
○ The process concludes with…
● Multiple steps at the same time:
○ At the same time,…
○ Simultaneously,..
○ Meanwhile,…
● Conjunctions to make more complex sentences:
○ when/once/as soon as/immediately/whereas….
E.g:
Once obtained, raw materials and manufactured components are stored for
later assembly
The manufacturing stages involve the storage, assembly, inspection, packing
to the sales methods whereas the research stages include market & product
research, design and advertisement.
○ before + clause or gerund
E.g: Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge
as finished products ready for sale.
○ after + clause or gerund
E.g: After the production planning is complete the assembly, inspection,
testing and packaging stages are done sequentially.
○ where/from where/after which
E.g: Assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is
decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to
create sufficient quantities of finished goods.
3. Vocabulary:
a. Natural Process:

First period Lay a number of eggs đẻ một số lượng trứng lớn

Begin life as eggs bắt đầu vòng đời từ những quả trứng

Hatch within 5 to 7 days nở trong khoảng từ 5 đến 7 ngày

Hatch into… nở thành

The hatching process quá trình nở

Second period Be… centimeters in length ~ dài… xen - ti - mét

be… centimeters long

Vary in size/ colors/ shapes đa dạng về kích cỡ/ màu sắc/ hình dạng

Be termed/ commonly called được gọi là…

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 Shed their old skin/ shed their thay lớp da cũ/ lớp da bên ngoài
outer layer

Breathe underwater/ breathe thở dưới mặt nước/ trên mặt nước
out of water

Third period Start to grow into… bắt đầu phát triển thành…

Turn into… biến hóa thành…

Grow to maturity phát triển hoàn thiện

Grow to adult size phát triển đến kích cỡ trưởng thành

Grow bigger ~ grow in size phát triển kích cỡ

Be fully developed phát triển đầy đủ

Feed on… ăn

Mate giao phối

Make mass migration across di cư hàng loạt theo đường dài

long distance

b. Manufacturing Process:

Vocabulary for the transformation of materials/products

Solids Liquids Gases

Lay Cool down Expand

Squeeze Melt into Compress
Shrink Condense Combine
Dry in the sun Flow Heat up
Bend Evaporate Ignite
Form Circulate Burn
Rotate Pour into… Release ~ send out
Fold Filter out
Harden Convert… into
Mix Be mixed with…
Press
Grind
Soften
Absorb
Separate

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 Combine
Pile up
Molten

Vocabulary for other procedures

Collect Recycle Transport

Be picked by hand Sort… out Transfer
Be harvested Separate Deliver
Clean Be sold to Consumers

Fill in the blank with the words in the box

initial part | is transported to | a spiral cylinder | channeled via a pipeline | enclosed boiler |
containing aromatic plants | , after which | utilized as a vaporizer | the next phase | The
solvent is then | , resulting in | distilled essential oil | , where

In the (1)......................... of the procedure, water is heated in an (2) ......................... to

generate steam, which is then (3) .................................................. to a larger vessel (4)
.................................................. . In the second stage, the heated moisture from the boiler is
(5) .................................................. to extract plant oil from the source material
(6).............................................. the steam and oil vapor combination (7) .........................
another chamber, ready for (8) ...........................................

In the third step, the mixture is liquefied in (9) ......................................... with cold and hot
water at the bottom and top of the container, respectively. (10)...............................................
sent to a separator (11)......................... the impurities are removed (12) ......................... the
(13) ............................................... and refined hydrolat.

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PRACTICE

Fill in the blank with the words or phrases in the box

The diagram below shows the recycling process of aluminium cans. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

a. are collected in recycling bins f. where they are cleaned thoroughly

b. are shredded into smaller pieces g. make them easier to handle
c. turns them into a molten liquid h. such as dirt, grease, and other contaminants
d. poured into molds i. the resulting products
e. to separate them from other waste materials k. which can be recycled after use

To begin with, used aluminum cans (1) …………………………………… before being

transported to a recycling facility (2) …………………………………… to remove any
impurities, (3) ………………………………………………………………………… Next, the
cleaned cans are sorted in order to ensure that the chosen cans are suitable for recycling
and (4) …………………………………………………………………………. Once sorted, the
cans (5) ………………………………………………………………………… and then crushed in
a special machine to reduce their size and (6) …………………………………………………….

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After that, (7) …………………………………… are melted down at a high temperature, which
(8) ……………………………………… The liquid aluminum is then (9) …………………………
to shape it into sheets. These thin sheets can be used to manufacture beverage cans, three-
quarters of (10)…………………………………………………….

HOMEWORK
Do the task below with the given analysis
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows a process of making a storage area from a material called
concrete canvas. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information
below.

1. Overview analysis
- Linear or cyclical process: Linear
- Number of steps: eight steps
- First step (input): the production of concrete canvas
- Final step (output): the usage of this site for storage
2. Detailed analysis:
● Body 1: Step 1 to 3
● Body 2: Step 4 to 7
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