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INVASION GAMES
 They are characterized by teams scoring when they move an implement into the opposing team’s zone.
 They include fast moving activity , frequently involve physical contact

Skills in invasion games

- Sending an object
- Receiving an object
- Dodging
- Change of direction
- Travelling in multiple directions
- Speed and agility
- Space awareness
- Change of speed
- Anticipation
- Footwork

Strategies in invasion games

 Offensive
 Maintain possession
 Avoid defensive players
 Create space for team mates
 Create space for your self
 Attack goal
 Teamwork / cooperation
 Defensive
A) Defend goal
B) Defend space
C) Gain possession
D) Defensive positioning
E) Playing area coverage
F) Predicting opponents move
G) Teamwork / cooperation

Common tactics
 To create space while invading your opponent’s territory
 To contain space while the opposition is invading your territory
 To use a net, goal or target for scoring purposes

Safety measures
 Ensure playing area is cleared and safe from obstacles
 Wear the appropriate clothing
 Practice proper techniques of the game
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  Safe use of equipments
 Communicate with teammates to avoid collisions

Types of invasion games

i) Floor ball
ii) Rugby
iii) Hockey (field & ice)
iv) Handball
v) Football
vi) Lacrosse
vii) Basketball
viii) Bandy

HANDBALL
 It is a team sport which is played by two teams of seven players each
 A handball team card has 14 players
 Players pass the ball using their hands with the aim of attacking the opponent’s goal to score
 A standard match of handball is played two periods of 30 minutes
 The team that scores more goals become the winner
 The game maybe played as an indoor or outdoor sport
 The court measures 40m long by 20m wide
 It is a very fast and high scoring game
 Body contact is permitted by defenders trying to stop attackers from approaching the goal.
 It is played by both males and females in separate teams
 The International Handball Federation (IHF) was formed in 1946
 The IHF has a membership of over 197 member federation

Playing the game

Player positions:
 Goalkeeper Left back
 Right forward Pivot
 Left forward Center back
 Right back

Techniques in handball
i) They include the following:

Passing, catching the ball, shooting, dribbling, feints, goalkeeping

A) Passing

 A pass must be accurate, fast and tactically useful.

 The receiving player must not have difficulties in catching the ball

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Types of passes
1. Standing 2. Bounce 3. Hook 4.chest 5. Overhead 6. Ground roller 7. jump
(preliminary stride)

Overhead pass
Coaching points
ii) In the over arm pass the angle of the elbow is about 90 degrees
iii) For the right handed players the left foot is in front pointing forward and the passer stands in a broad
standing position
iv) The right foot should point outward causing the body to turn the side against the direction of the pass
v) The little finger and the thumb are used to direct the ball

B) Side pass
 It is important that the player is able to hold the ball with the back of the hand turned upwards
without losing it

Shooting
1. The objective of attacking the goal is to score
Types of shots
 Jump shot
 Dive
 Underarm shot
 Reverse shot
 Side throw
 Lob shot
 Penalty shot

Jump Shot
 The thrower receives, takes three steps or without run-up and takes a very strong take off from the left leg
(right hander)
 The right hand with the ball is taken very high and far back
 At the peak of the jump the upper body straightens up and the body stretches
 The throw follows at the peak of the jump
 The thrower lands on the left leg

Dive Shot
1. Straddle position (about shoulder width apart)
2. Draw back movement of the arm, the knees are bent forward
3. The body is stretched the forward fall begins
4. The throwing arm shoulder is brought forward as arm movement follows
5. After the shot a landing on the chest is performed or both palms cushion the fall

Dribbling /Bouncing
 The dribbling hand should be open, the fingers slightly spread

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  The movement comes from wrist and the lower arm
 The hand is moved up and down in such a manner that it adjusts the movement of the ball
 The ball is controlled at the side of the body at waist height
 The ball is dribbled in a forward direction

Tactics
2. They are divided into individual, group and team efforts

Attacking tactics

 individual tactics
 running maneuver
 feinting
 visual communication with team mates
 playing discipline
 penalty throws
 Group tactics
 Change of position
 Blocking
 Free throw
 Fast break/ counter attack

 Team
- Order of space
- Fast break/ counter attack
- Free throw
- Substitution

Defending tactics

 Individual
 Readiness for defense
 Adapting into the defense formations
 Facing opponent disturbing
 Blocking and gaining possession of the ball
 Group
 Handing and taking on
 Stepping out
 Going back
 Defense of counter attack
 Team
 Zone defense
 Cooperation with the goal keeper
 Defense formations ( 6:0, 5:1, 4:2, 3:3)

Fair play in handball

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 3. Players are expected to follow codes of fair play that include the qualities listed below
1. Respect rules of the game
2. Respecting officials and accepting their decisions
3. Respecting the opponents
4. Providing all participants with equal opportunities
5. Maintaining dignity under all circumstances

Football
4. In some areas of the world football is referred to as soccer
5. Football is played on a large field commonly known as a pitch
6. The maximum football pitch measures 120m long by 60m wide and the minimum pitch measures 90m by 45m
7. A regulation game consists of two 45-minute periods played between 2 teams of 11 players each
8. A football team card has 18 players
9. Each team defends a goal and tries to score in the opponent’s goal
10. England is regarded as the birthplace of our modern-day football
11. The world governing body of football is known as Federation International de Football Association (FIFA)
12. During the colonial period the white community in Rhodesia held football competitions amongst themselves

System of play
 It refers to each player’s role with the team
 It is collective organization of 10 field players and a goalkeeper
 Field players are identified as :

1. Defenders 2. Midfielders 3. Forwards

i) System of play also known as formations, the first number refers to the defenders, the second number to the
midfielders and the third to the forwards e.g. 2-3-5 formation

Techniques
Passing
ii) It is the art of kicking or hitting the ball to another player

Qualities of a good pass

 Accuracy
 Weight or pacing the ball
 Timing of the release of the ball
 Pass selection
 Disguise

Classes of pass
iii) They are classified into two categories i.e. ground pass and the lofted pass
 Ground passes
 Push pass
 Instep

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  Passing with outside of foot

Push pass
iv) The ball is passed with the inside of the foot.
v) It is a ground pass that is effective over short distances with accuracy

Coaching points
 The kicking foot is turned outward so that the side of foot makes contact with the ball at right angle to the
line of the pass
 The angle must be firm
 The contact of the foot on the ball should be through the horizontal mid-line of the ball
 To keep the ball on the ground, keep your head down, lean over the ball (your weight forward)
 Always keep your eyes on the ball
 The non kicking foot should be placed on the side of the ball not behind it
 Follow through after you strike the ball

The instep pass

 It is mainly suitable for medium pass, long pass and shooting
 It requires more practice than the push pass

Coaching points
1. The kicking foot contacts the ball through the mid-line for a straight pass
2. The toes of kicking foot must point down toward the ground
3. The non kicking foot alongside the ball
4. The eyes should be focused on the ball
5. Arms should be well spread to maintain balance
6. Make a follow through after striking the ball

Passing with the outside of the foot

 It is used to flick the ball over short distances or to swerve the ball over long distances while under pressure
 It is used at high level

 Lofted pass (volleys)

 There are three basic techniques for passing the ball in the air namely :
(1) The lofted drive
(2) The volley
(3) The chip

The lofted drive

a) The kicking foot should make contact with the ball through the mid-line and the bottom half of the ball
b) The ankle should be extended and firm
c) The non kicking foot should be slightly on the side of the ball and behind it
d) Arms should be well spread to maintain balance
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 e) The body leans slightly backwards
f) Make a follow through

The chip pass

Coaching points
a) The kicking foot should contact the ball on the point where it touches the ground
b) The heel should be kept down so that the foot is horizontal, parallel to the ground
c) The non kicking foot should be closely placed on the side of the ball
d) The eyes should be focused on the

Ball control
 It is the receiving or interrupting the trajectory of the ball, but keeping it within playing distance protecting it
from an opponent
 The ball can be controlled by any part of the body .i.e. the foot, thigh, chest or head except hands
 The ball can be controlled in 2 ways :
 The wedge- the ball is wedged between the controlling surface and the ground .e.g. when using the sole of
the foot
 The cushion-the controlling surface is withdrawn on impact

Coaching points
 An early decision should be made to select the controlling surface
 The controlling should be relaxed as well as the entire body and mind

Shooting
 It is the most important aspect of the game
 It is initiated from passing as well as controlling the ball
 There is preparation, execution and follow through in the shooting action

Coaching points
 Observe the position of the goalkeeper
 Select the best area of the goal to aim at
 Work on accuracy
 Maintain the head down and steady for contact on the ball
 Strike through the middle or top half of the ball

Heading
a) It is the propelling of the ball by striking it with head
b) The technique is divided into:
i) Defensive heading (away from the goal)
ii) Attacking heading (towards the goal)
 In both cases a player can use a jump header or diving header
 Heading skills can be used to pass the ball, score goals and for defensive clearance

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Coaching points
 Get into position as quickly as possible
 Attack the ball at its highest point
 Punch the ball with your head
 Contact the ball on your upper forehead
 Jump and hang
 Arch your back and pull your head back
 Keep your eyes open all times
 Keep your mouth shut when heading the ball
 Use arms for balance
 Strike the bottom of the ball it will rise
 Strike the of the ball it will go down

Dribbling
 It is the ability to propel the ball under close control and maintain possession
 The objective to create space for a pass to a teammate
 It serves to shot at goal and to beat opponents and take them out of the game thus creating space

There are three common methods of dribbling

 The Mathews move
 The scissors move
 The double touch move

Coaching points
 Lower your center of gravity
 Body is semi-crouched
 The head should be up with vision on surrounding area and players
 Change speed and direction
 Keep the ball under body and close control of the feet

Tactics in soccer
 These are game plans designed to achieve the best results
 They can be divided into 2 .i.e. defense and attack

Defending tactics
1. The main aim is to guard the goal against attack
2. It is an effort of an individual, group and team altogether
3. Good defense is based on techniques, tactics, physical conditioning and psychological awareness
4. Marking can be man- to- man marking or zone marking
5.

Four principles o defense

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  Delay- to slow the offensive movements
 Balance- effective organization or arrangement
 Concentration- to concentrate the numbers of defenders in front of the goal
 Control- to contain attackers until support is available

Attacking tactics
 These are a result of individual, group and team efforts

Four principles of attack

 Mobility- to cover more distance at the right time
 Width- to expand the area o play from end to end
 Improvisation- to be creative and innovative in attack
 Penetration- to employ forward and direct play

Fair play in soccer

 It is an attitude or way of thinking that can be taught and it can be learnt
 It can be guided by principles of :
 Integrity
 Fairness
 Respect

NETBALL
 It is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players each
 It is believed that netball is an offshoot of the early versions of basketball in England in the 1890’s
 The world governing body of netball is called International Netball Federation (INF)
 Netball is played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings on either side
 A netball team card has 12 players
 Each team attempts to a goal by passing it through the goal ring
 The players on the court are assigned specific positions and areas of play.
 Each player on court wears a bib, containing letters abbreviation indicating position

The playing area

 The court has a side-line 30,5m long and goal line 15,25m wide
 The centre circle has a diameter of 0,9m
 The radius of the goal circles is 4,9m
 The height of the goal post is 3,05m
 The goal ring circumference is 380mm

Player positions
 C ………………. Centre
 GA……………… Goal Attack
 GS……………… Goal Shooter

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  GK…………….. Goal Keeper
 GD……………. Goal Defence
 WA………….. Wing Attack
 WD…………… Wing Defence

Who marks who in netball

 C vs C
 WA vs WD
 GK vs GS
 GD vs GA

Equipment and attire

 Size 5 ball
 Umpire’s whistle
 Goal posts and ring
 Player’s attire

Netball skills
1. Catching
2. Throwing
3. Shooting
4. Landing
5. Attacking
6. Defending
7. Dodging
8. Pivoting

Types of passes
1. There are long and short passes and these can be one handed passes or two handed passes

Short passes
 Bounce pass
 Chest pass
 Side pass
 Underarm pass

Long passes
 Shoulder pass
 Overhead pass
 Lob pass

Netball skills
A) Visit page 92 to 95 book 1

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Safety in netball
 Keep your finger nails short
 If you have long hair tie it at the back of the head
 Jewellery and any adornments should not be worn except a wedding ring, of which the player is expected to
cover it or tape it
 Wear comfortable footwear that does not pose any problems in on landing

Basic rules of netball

 No self play, it is a replayed ball when you catch, drop and catch again
 Every player should wear a uniform including a bib denoting their position
 No lifting, sliding or dragging of landing foot whilst in possession of the ball
 No intimidation when marking
 Each player should be found in the specific playing areas they are allowed, otherwise they are caught offside
 No obstruction, observe the marking distance of 0,9m allowed
 A player has up to three seconds to release the ball upon receiving it
 Only GA and GS can shoot for goal
 Only the Centre can take a centre pass.

Fair play code

 Play for the fun of it
 Play by the rules
 Never argue with officials’ decisions
 Control your temper
 Work equally hard for yourself and your team
 Cooperate with your coach, teammates and opponents, for without them there is no game

HOCKEY
 It is a game in which two opposing teams attempt to drive a ball into the goal of the opponent.
 It is played using a stick that is curved or hooked at one end.

Hockey pitch/ the field of play

 Field hockey is usually played outdoors on a grass or artificial turf field
 The pitch measures 91.44m long and between 50.29m and 54.85m wide
 Hockey can also be played indoor on a smaller field

The equipment
The ball
 It has a circumference of about 23.5 cm
 It has a cork centre wound with twine and a seamless white leather cover
 It weighs not more than 163 grams

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Hockey stick
 It weighs between 340 and 652 grams for women and up to 793 grams for men
 The stick is curved at one end and flattened on one side which is the striking side
 The head of the stick may not be more than 10.2 cm long
 Each player court player carries a wooden stick about 36 to 91 cm long

Hockey attire
 Players normally wear shirts, shorts or skirts and mouth and shin guards
 Goalkeeper wear protective pads, face guards, and gloves
 Male goalkeepers wear a box in the groin area to protect sensitive organs from the impact of the hockey ball

Officials
 They include 2 umpires, and sometimes 2 timekeepers and 2 recorders

Team composition
 The team is composed of 11 players, usually 5 forwards, 3 halfbacks, 2 fullback and 1 goalkeeper ( 5 – 3 – 2
formation)

The match
 A hockey match is divided into 2 halves of 35 minutes each.
 Teams change goals/sides after the end of the first half.
 A bully is when one player from each team stands opposite the opponent, the players tap the ground 3 times
and the opponent’s stick 3 times before hitting the ball, which is set between them. Other players must be at
least 4.57m from the ball

The objective of playing hockey

1. It is to pass the ball in order to gain ground and advantage as preparation for scoring a goal
2. For a goal to be scored, the whole ball must pass over the goal line, between the goalposts, and under the
crossbar

RUGBY
 A rugby field measures 100m long and 69m wide
 It is divided transversely by two lines 22m from each goal and a halfway line
 Not more than 22m behind each goal line is the dead – ball line, beyond which the ball is out of play.
 The uprights of the goal are 5.6m metres apart.
 They are connected by horizontal crossbar 3m above the ground

Team composition
a) A rugby team consists of 15 players who are divided into 8 forwards and 7 backs
b) 7 substitutions of players are permitted during match in addition to injury and replacements
c) Injured players are not allowed to return to the game once they leave the field of play
d) A game usually lasts for 80 minutes
e) The game is divided into two 40 minutes halves
f) There are no time – outs

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COMBAT GAMES
 These games are characterized by blows, punches or attacks to the head or to a point of physical injury that
the opponent is unable to continue.

Protective gear or clothing

 Gloves
 Head gear
 Mouth guards
 Shin guards
 Arm guards
 Groin guard
 Trunk protector
 Wraps

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Types of combat games
 Boxing Sambo
 Judo Taekwondo
 Ju-jitsu Wrestling
 Karate Aikido
 Kendo Wushu
 Kick-boxing Fencing
 Sanshou Pankration
 Mauy Thai Savate

 The first world combat games competitions were held 2010 in Beijing.
 Over 1000 athletes from five continents participated.

Martial Arts
 These are codified systems and traditions of combat practices.
 There are a number of reasons why martial arts are practiced :
A) Self defence
B) Military and law enforcement applications
C) Mental and spiritual development
D) Entertainment
E) The preservation of a nation’s intangible cultural heritage

Wushu
 The term Wushu is Chinese for martial art.
 Wushu is divided into two separate forms
 Wushu is both an internal and external exercise for body and mind
 It is very effective in developing a person physically and mentally, and making them ready for any combat.
 The word “Wu” has five meanings .i.e. war, fight, combat, exercise and dance.

Wushu equipment
 Boxing gloves
- These are used to attack and defend the opponent
 Head gear
- This used to protect the head from the opponent’s attack
- It is a mandatory that Sanshou players wear them
 Gum / teeth guard
 This is used to protect the teeth from the opponent’s attack
 Chest guard
 It protects the chest since most of the blows target the chest
 Shin pad
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  It is mainly used during training sessions. By practicing with this equipment, a person / trainee can improve
his power, potential and muscle in his elbow and thigh
 Cup protector
 It is a type of athletic supporter to shield the players against severe injuries to the groin area
 Kick/ punching bag
 This equipment is made out of leather and nylon.
 It is filled with sawdust or cotton cut piece clothes.
 Punching pad
 It is also made out of leather and nylon.
 It is filled with soft sponge

How to play Wushu

 It is both an internal and external exercise for body and mind.
 It is very effective for the following reasons: 1. It develops a person physically 2. It contributes to mental
development 3. It makes one ready for any combat
 Maximum strength
 It is when performing any kind of workout against the maximum resistance.
 This level is very important for Wushu warriors as they need to increase their maximum strength limit as
much as possible
 Wushu players need to perform a particular exercise in sets so as to increase maximum strength.
 A set must be practiced for 3-7 times and the intensity of performance must vary gradually upwards from low
to medium to high
 Explosive strength
i) It is when performing any kind of workout against the maximum resistance with high speed.
ii) It can be divided into three types :
 Start strength – the ability to develop a high muscle force during the starting phase of the fight
 Speed strength - the ability of a person to overcome lower resistance with high speed.
 Strength speed – the ability of an individual to overcome heavy resistance with high speed. It is also known as
power

Basic moves in Wushu

 Wushu is the sport of demonstrating graceful movements that require flexibility, strength, perfect leaps,
twists, and flips.

Ma Bu – The horse stance

 It provides balance that you require to execute more complicated moves.
 Stand with your feet apart slightly wider than your shoulders.
 Lower your knees into a sitting position, as if you are straddling a horse.
 Keep your upper body posture straight yet not tensed.

Gong Bu – The bow stance

 Stand in a forward lunge position, with one foot in front of another in a straight line
 Turn your back foot out slightly, with toes pointing outwards
 Let both your heels be on the ground
 Lower your body, by bending the front leg for about 90 degrees

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  Extend your back leg
 Pull your upper body straight and tall, and look straight ahead

Xie Bu – the rest stance

 Cross your right foot over your left foot

 Sit comfortably on your left knee, ensuring that there is no space between both legs. Keep good
balance to avoid fall over
 As you lower your body lift your left heel off the ground

Ce Chuai Tui – side kick

 Stand upright with your hands by your waist and your wrists facing upwards
 Make fist and tuck your elbows close to your body.
 Placing one foot slightly behind the other, bend a little to gain preparatory momentum

Hand forms
A) These are different positions of a hand during a fight
B) There are various hand forms used in Wushu namely:
 Hook punch
 Palm
 Punch

Rules of the game

 Go and research

Roles of referee n martial arts

 Give warnings and disqualifications if rules are broken
 Stops fight when a fighter cannot defend himself/herself in order to prevent further damage
/injuries
 Make sure that submissions are released following a tap out
 Pulls fighters off unconscious opponents
 Listen to a doctor and assistant referee who sit at the ring side

Boxing
A) The art of boxing is also known as pugilism
B) Boxing requires a high level of :
 Muscular strength
 Stamina
 Agility
 Endurance

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  Boxing also requires :
i) Powerful punches
ii) Quick jabs
iii) Slips
iv) Blocking

Training in boxing
First step
 Visit page 148 bk 4

Boxing rules
 Visit page 150 bk 4

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TARGET GAMES
What are target games?
a) These are games aimed at sending an object, usually a ball, an arrow or other objects usually towards a target

Types of target games

 Croquet
 Golf
 Archery
 Boccia
 Curling
 Bowling
 Knock down
 Pinwheel

Categories of target games

1. Opposed – players can prevent their opposition from scoring by knocking or blocking the opponents ball or
rock to an unfavourable position.

Examples are as follows:

1. Lawn bowling
2. Curling
3. Shuffleboard

2. Unopposed – a player focuses solely on their execution in an attempt to be as close to the target as possible.

Examples are as follows:

 Golf
 Archery
 Ten pin bowling
 Tactics in target games

Transferable skills
b) Players must be able to demonstrate hand-eye, foot-eye accuracy
c) Players aim and shoot/throw/roll for a goal target
d) Players utilize the synchronization of numerous body parts when releasing the object used in the game
e) Both gross and fine motor skills are used to alter the flight/path of the released object

Strategies common in target games

a) In unopposed games it is likely that only offensive strategies will be used
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 b) In opposed there is the use of both offensive and defensive strategies

Offensive
- Aim and accuracy is the main focus
- Goal is to have the final location of the object be as close to the designated target as possible
- Thus is achieved by controlling the object’s speed and trajectory
- You must plan your path to the target, eg throwing a bulls-eye in darts

Defensive
 Blocking your opponent’s path to the target
 Using your ability to control aim and accuracy, have your object rest in an area that blocks path and decreases
your opponent’s chances of having their object closer to the target than yours.

Safety in target games

 Target size must be appropriate for age and ability of the players
 Suitable clothing and footwear must be worn
 Targets must be situated away from spectators and other participants
 Participants must have room to propel object towards target without hitting a bystander
 Be aware of player’s medical condition that may affect participation
 Establish procedures to reduce risk to other participants/spectators
 Establish a process of safe retrieval of propelled objects
 Onsite supervision is required

Archery
 It is a sport, practice or skill of using a bow to propel arrows.
 It has been used for hunting and combat.
 A person who participates in archery is called an archer or a bowman
 A person who is fond of or an expert at archery is called a toxophilite

Protective clothing
 Bracer – to protect the inside of the bow arm from being hit by the string
 Chest guard / plastrons

Target skills in archery

 Visit page 154 bk 4

Darts
 It is a throwing sport in which small missiles are thrown at a circular dartboard fixed to the wall.

Darts equipment
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  A regulation board is 451 millimetres in diameter and is divided into 20 radial sections
 Each section is separated with metal wire or a thin band of sheet metal
 The numbers indicating the various scoring sections of the board are normally made of wire

Darts safety rules

 Never set up your dartboard at the back of the door – anyone who is not aware that you are playing could
easily be struck if they opened the door
 Make sure the dartboard is securely fitted to the wall – darts easily rebound easily if the dartboard is not
secured
 Never point, or throw a dart at anyone
 Do not stand near a dartboard when someone is throwing – a dart might rebound and hit you
 Do not walk in front of a dartboard when people are playing.
 Make sure the dartboard is set up well away from any busy areas or anywhere people might be passing
 If watching or playing always stand behind the player
 Make sure anything breakable is moved away from the surrounding area. Darts have a habit of rebounding at
some strange angles

Origins of a dart board

 The dartboard may have its origins in the cross-section of a tree.
 An old name for a dartboard is “ butt” , the word comes from a French word butt, meaning “target”

Darts
 Modern darts have four parts: the points, the barrels, the shafts and the flights.
 The steel points come in two common lengths which are the 32mm and the 41mm
 They are sometimes knurled or coated to improve grip.

Barrels
 They come in three basic shapes:

1. Cylindrical
 Cylindrical barrels are the same diameter along their entire length and so tend to be long and thin.
 Their slenderness makes them better for griping but because they are long, the centre of gravity is further
back.

2. Torpedo
 Torpedo shaped barrels are widest at the point end and taper towards the rear
 This keeps the weight as far forward as possible but like the ton, gives it a larger diameter than the cylinder

3 Ton
 Ton shaped barrels are thin at either end but bulge in the middle.
 This makes them fatter than cylindrical barrel of equivalent weight but the centre of gravity is further forward
and so theoretically easier to throw

The shafts
 The shafts are manufactured in various lengths.
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PESMD form one to four notes
  Shafts are generally made from: plastic, nylon polymers and metal such as aluminium and titanium
 Shafts can be rigid or flexible
 Longer shafts provide greater stability and allow reduction in flight size
 A longer shaft will make the dart less responsive and increase the chance of “wobbling”
 The choice of barrel, shaft and flight depend to a great deal on the individual player’s throwing style
 A dart should not weigh more than 50 grammes including the shaft and flight and must generally not exceed a
total length of 300mm

Scoring in darts
 Darts generally refers to a game whereby the player throws three darts per visit to the board with the goal of
reducing a fixed score, commonly 501 or 301 to zero (checking out)
 The final dart landing should be either the bullseye or a double segment
 A game of darts is generally contested between two players, who take turns
 Each turn consist of throwing 3 darts. When 2 teams are playing the starting score may be increased to 701 or
1001 and the rules remain the same.
 A darts match is played over a fixed number of games known as legs. A match maybe divided into sets , with
each set being contested as over a fixed number of legs

Winning the game

 In order to reach zero each player must finish by throwing a double that is if player one has 36 remaining he
must hit double 18 to win. If player two has 45 remaining he must hit 5 single, double 20 to win

Rules of the game

 Players stand at the throw line, horizontally from the face of the dartboard
 It is legal to lean over the line. They may step on, but not across, the line
 Players may use their own darts if they meet the expectations
 It is not required for a player to throw all three darts on every turn. A player may pass or throw fewer than
three darts

Darts basic rules

 Dart games are played between two players or two teams
 The teams can be made up of two or more people each.
 Nine throws generally allowed for each person as a warm-up before a game begins
 To determine which team or person is to take his turn first one dart is thrown by a person from each team
 The team with the dart closest to the bullseye takes the first turn
 Each player throws three darts in his turn
 The darts are retrieved
 If a foot crosses over the line or a person happens to trip over the oche and releases his dart, the throw
counts for no points and may not be re-thrown
 Darts must stay on the board for at least five seconds after a player’s final throw to count
 A throw does not score if it sticks into another dart or if it falls off the board

Scoring in darts
 Darts making it on the board score if they strike the dart board in any of the following manner:
 In the wedge

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PESMD form one to four notes
  The number posted on the outer ring
 The double ring (the outer, narrow ring)
 Twice the number hit
 The triple ring ( the inner, narrow ring )
 Three times the number hit
 Bulls eye ( outer bull ) : twenty-five points
 Doubles bulls eye (inner bull) : fifty points

Safety in darts
 Visit page 162 bk 4

Questions
 Define archery [1]
 Name any four-archery equipments [4]
 What name is given to a person who participates in the archery sport? [1]
 List any four archery shooting safety rules [4]
 Mention the three archery shooting drills [3]
 Write down a brief definition of darts [1]
 A dart board is divided into …………………………………. radial sections [1]
 Write down any three safety rules in a darts game [3]
 How many points are scored if a darts player hits:
 The bull’s eye, (outer bull’s eye)
 The double bull’s eye, (inner bull’s eye) [2]
 In which part of the world did martial arts originate? [1]
 Name any three forms of martial arts. [3]
 Wushu, as a martial art, originated in …………….. [1]
 State the main purpose of boxing rule. [2]
 Mention any three methods of winning a boxing match [3]
 Give any three reasons why martial arts are practiced [3]
 The term combat refers to…………………[2]
 The aim in target sport is……………………[1]
 What does the pankration mean? [2]

23
PESMD form one to four notes