SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND - is applying knowledge in solving scientific and

practical problems that will help humans survive and

SOCIETY improve their lives.
- is a complex system of knowledge, skills, people,
MODULE 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN methods, tools, materials, and resources applied and
THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY allocated to the development, operation, and production
INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, of a new or improved product, process, or services.
AND SOCIETY WHAT ARE THE USES OF TECHNOLOGY?
♦ Technology helps in the discovery and production of
WHAT IS SCIENCE? medicine.
- is a systematized body of knowledge. It is an ♦ Technology helps to preserve food.
organized and dynamic inquiry (following scientific ♦ Technology helps us to develop new sources of
method). energy.
- It is knowledge gained through observation and
experimentation. It is a social enterprise; people, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
knowledge, skills, facilities, apparatuses, and (STS)
technologies. - also referred to as science and technology studies,
- It leads to the formation of concepts, methods, study how social, political, and cultural values affect
principles, theories, law, and procedures that seek to scientific research and technological innovation and how
describe and explain nature and its phenomena. they affect society.
- it refers to the interaction between science and
MAJOR BRANCHES OF SCIENCE technology and social, cultural, political, and economic
♦ Chemistry - the science of the chemical composition contexts which shape and are shaped by them, specific
and the changes accompanied. examples throughout human history of scientific and
♦ Biology - the study of living things. It has three main technological developments.
branches:
1. Botany - is the study of plants ANCIENT, MIDDLE AND MODERN AGES
2. Zoology - is the science of animals;
3. Microbiology - is the science of microorganisms. ANCIENT TIMES
♦ Physics - is the science of energy and its ♦ Sumerian Civilization
transformation. - Sumeria, a 3500 BCE civilization, invented the wheel
to improve trade and farming by connecting a non-
THE KITE EXPERIMENT moving platform to a rolling cylinder, overcoming
• Franklin created a kite with a wire as a lightning rod, limitations on human weight.
hemp string, and silk string. He used wet hemp for quick - They introduced a 360-day calendar and the
charge, dry silk for slower charge. Sexagesimal number system, which uses 60 units and
• Franklin attached a metal key to a hemp string, intervals, enabling graduation of circle circumference to
causing a spark when his finger's negative charges 360 degrees and 60-minute time intervals.
attracted to his positive charge, revealing loose fibers of - They created the first cuneiform writing system, using
the hemp string. word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay for
• Franklin discovered an electric spark with a Leyden historical records and everyday life.
jar, collecting electric fire copiously to discharge ♦ Babylonian Civilization
electricity later. - Babylonian civilization emerged from about 3,500
• Dr. Franklin used an electrical kite to bring lightning until 500 BC.
from the heavens to demonstrate the similarity of electric - they are located on the border of the Euphrates and
fluid and lightning. Tigris rivers in Iraq.
- they dig canals and developed earthen dikes to
THE COMPUTER irrigate their crops and provide water to their livestock.
- The computer has many uses, and one of those is to - They innovate upon the Sumerian sexagesimal
make our lives easier to deal with. system.
- A calculator is one of the blessings of a computer. - Astronomers of Babylon compiled lists of planets and
Computers are many times faster. stars which somewhat accurately pictured the positions
- it can be used in the field of medicine, like the use of of the celestial bodies of our solar system
ultrasound projection. ♦ Egyptian Civilization
- Ancient Egypt, located in northeast Africa, thrived on
TECHNOLOGY the River Nile, producing earthenware, pottery, tools,
- derived from the Greek word “technologia”, means the
weapons, and a 365-day solar calendar.
systematic treatment of art.
- They built pyramids, developed a 365-day calendar,
and produced papyrus. poisoning, and typhoid fever.
♦ Greek Civilization • Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone
- The Greek civilization, originating around 1,100 BC, - was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric
influenced modern intellectual thought through the telephone in 1876. Though several inventors did pioneer
scientific works of philosophers like Socrates, Thales, work on electronic voice transmission, the invention
and Ptolemy. quickly took off and revolutionized global business and
- They invented the alarm clock and windmills for communication.
agricultural processing. • Alexander Fleming and the Penicillin
♦ Roman Civilization
- In 1928, Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming
- The Gazette, the first newspaper, engraved
discovered Penicillium, a mold-like antibiotic, which led
announcements of the Roman Empire, and the invention
to the development of Penicillin, a drug used to treat
of paper made record-keeping easier.
numerous human bacterial infections.
- The Romans also invented the first book or codex,
• Samuel M. Kier and the Kerosene
and devised a number system for communication and
trade. - Samuel M. Kier invented kerosene, also known as
♦ The Chinese Civilization Illuminating oil, by refining petroleum. It was initially used
- Chinese civilization is the oldest in Asia, known for its for lighting homes and later for heating purposes.
silk, acupuncture, tea, gun powder, and the great wall of
MODULE 2: MESOAMERICA CIVILIZATION
China.
PART I. THE MAYA, AZTEC AND INCA
- Its connections to the world are connected through
silk, acupuncture, tea, gun powder, and the development CIVILIZATION
of the first tea.
MESOAMERICA
MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES • it denotes the part of Mexico and Central America that
There’s a point in time between ancient times and the was civilized in pre-Spanish times.
modern times that we live in today. This time period is • it was the most advanced native people in the
reflected to be one of the most creative times in Western Hemisphere.
mankind’s history. It is believed that it’s here that • The northern border of Mesoamerica runs west from a
sparked the beginning of the first industrial revolution. point on the Gulf coast of Mexico above the modern port
of Tampico, then dips south to exclude much of the
• Johan Gutenberg and the Printing Press
central desert of highland Mexico, meeting the Pacific
- invented the first printing press, a reliable method coast opposite the tip of Baja (Lower) California.
using cast type in wooden machines. This invention • For thousands of years, this area was populated by
aimed to publish books quickly and efficiently, enabling groups such as the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, Toltec, and
information dissemination. Aztec people. Cultural traits that define the region
• Zacharias Janssen and the Compound include the domestication of maize, beans, avocado, and
Microscope vanilla, and a common architectural style.
- developed the compound microscope, a device that
magnifies invisible objects, based on earlier eyeglass
invention principles, crucial in discovering new
treatments for various illnesses.
• Galileo Galilei and the Telescope
- improved the telescope, discovering new celestial
bodies, studying Saturn, Venus phases, and sunspots,
and supporting Copernicus' theory of a heliocentric solar
system.

MODERN TIMES
The rise of the modern industry was witnessed in the MAYA CIVILIZATION (1500 B.C.E to the sixteenth
19th century. The effects of scientific and technological century arrival of the Spanish conquistadors)
developments are evident in the areas of MAYANS, the first major civilization in Mesoamerica,
communication, transportation, and electricity. Food developed a sophisticated society
processing and medicine posed some of the bigger LOCATION, Maya civilization collapsed in the tenth
challenges since health was of great concern. century due to climate change, overpopulation, and
• Louis Pasteur and Pasteurization political unrest. Chichen Itza emerged as a post-Classic
- a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, city.
developed pasteurization to prevent food spoilage in AGRICULTURE, they converted wetlands into
dairy products, preventing illnesses like diphtheria, food farmland, using techniques and extensive excavations to
study the earth layers in northern Belize. Fossilized plant • BLAST FURNACE – invented 2,000 years before it
remains at these sites show that the Maya were growing was patented in England.
crops such as: • GREENSTONE BEADS, CACAO BEANS AND
1. Avocados COPPER BELLS – served as “money” for Maya
2. grass species because they did not develop minted currency, they
3. corn or maize used various objects, at different times.
ASTRONOMY, Mayan commoners recorded their EDUCATION AND CULTURE,
history using domestic ceramic, highlighting their place - Mayan literacy is unique due to its large family size,
in the universe, despite lacking written language. use of codices, and ancient writing systems.
Pyramid El Castillo. The pyramid, built between 1050 - It includes alphabetic reading, writing, and visual
and 1300 CE, features radial symmetry, and was used symbols.
for sacred rituals.. - Maya numerals are used to number modern books.
- They have an extraordinary knowledge of astronomy
MAYA CYCLICAL CALENDARS and mathematics.
♦ Haab cycle - The Maya hip hop scene in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala,
- a 365-day calendar, consists of 18 months of 20 days educates youth about their culture.
and one 5-day "Wayeb" month. Maya hieroglyphs - Music is linked to religion, and human sacrifice is a
represent these months using variants framed in ritual for important events.
turquoise. - Mayan rulers manage status goods and laborers are
♦ Tzolk’in subject to a labor tax.
- is a Mayan sacred calendar, composed of 20-day
glyphs and numbers 1-13, generating 260 unique days, AZTEC CIVILIZATION (Flourished between 13th CE
matching lunar cycles, human gestation, and corn to 1521 CE)
growing cycles. AZTEC, most commonly refers to Nahuatl-speaking
♦ Calendar Round people who dominated the Basin of Mexico, and indeed
- a Maya belief system, involves the interweaving of much of central and southern Mexico, in the fifteenth and
Tzolk'in and Haab calendars, ensuring a unique early sixteenth centuries (Berdan, 2016).
combination of days doesn't repeat until 52 365 days LOCATION, Between AD 1100 and 1350, Aztec towns
were established in central Mexico, leading to the
CALENDAR SYSTEM OF MAYAN formation of the Aztec Empire, which conquered much of
• The Mayan calendar system, based on archaeological Mesoamerica.
and historical evidence, shows that the Lunar Series of AGRICULTURE,
mythical dates were calculated backward, often from the - The Aztecs built a city-state and expanded Mexico-
date of the monument's erection using a lunar-month Tenochtitlán by building artificial islands called
count formula. chinampas.
Technology, The Mayans developed various tools for - They utilized existing chinampas for crop cultivation
crops and building elaborate cities using ordinary and transportation, and developed scientific ideas for
machineries and tools. food sustainability
• HYDRAULICS SYSTEM - with sophisticated - Aztecs also ate animal protein and raised a dog
waterways to supply water to different communities. breed called itzcuintli.
• MICA - Looms for weaving cloth and devised a ASTRONOMY,
rainbow of glittery paints made from a mineral - A study on a 24-ton basalt calendar stone from the
• RUBBER PRODUCTS - One of the first people to Aztec Empire suggests that its central image represents
produce 3,000 years before Goodyear received its the death of the sun god Tonatiuh during an eclipse,
patent in 1844, before Charles Goodyear which Aztecs believed would lead to a global
• MAYAN HIEROGLYPHICS - Mayans use a writing apocalypse.
system - The stone, also known as the Sun Stone, was buried
• NUMERAL 20 – they created a number system face down before being uncovered in 1790.
based on it because they were skilled in mathematics - The Aztecs sacrificed a prisoner on the day they
• POTTERY, MURALS, SCULPTURES OR believed the world would end, repeating every 260 days.
RELIGIOUS CONTEXT - The discovery of greenish TECHNOLOGY,
pellets from ancient plaster at La Blanca archaeological - The Aztec civilization, a strong state in
site suggests that Maya people used a similar material, Mesoamerica, was known for its military power, religion,
similar to Maya Blue, for various purposes. and tribute system.
• MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS – structural mechanics - They developed their own calendar, built large cities,
developed by Maya engineers pyramids, and temples, and used cacao as their
• MAYA ARTS - soared while Europe stumbled currency
through the Dark Ages - Their weapons included blowguns, bows, arrows,
spears, and slings. nobles received Quechua language instruction.
- Aztec homes were built of adobe, with a hearth fire - Education lasted 4 years, starting at approximately
and jars for food preservation. 12.
- Aztec cloth was made from plant fibers, and they - Teachers were called 'Amautas'
were skilled in pottery and ceramics. - Inca education developed in astronomy, medicine,
EDUCATION AND CULTURE, mathematics, and surgery.
- Aztec children were required to attend mandatory
school, with curricula varying by gender and social class. PART I. INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT
- Schools were divided into telpochcalli for commoner DEFINED SOCIETY
children, and calmecac
Intellectual or Scientific revolution is the historical
- Nepotism prevailed, but promotions could be
period where the scientific principles or theories have
obtained on merit or demotions.
been widely believed and acknowledged by the society
- Most Aztecs remained in their immediate family's
where tested and contrasted.
social group throughout their lives, with rank and
reputation being crucial for societal advancement. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, The Polish Astronomer
Polish Name: Mikolaj, Kopernik
INCA CIVILIZATION (Flourished in South America
German Name: Nikolaus Kopernikus.
between 1425 CE - 1532 CE)
Born: February 19, 1473; Torun, Royal Prussia, Poland.
The INCA EMPIRE was the last native state to develop
Died: May 24, 1543; Frauenburg, East Prussia
in South America before sixteenth century European
Important Contributions:
invasions introduced foreign culture, religion, and
Heliocentric theory,
disease.
Commentariolus (Little Commentary) and
LOCATION, The Inca Empire, centered in the Andes
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
Mountains and Peru, expanded from Cuzco in Peru to
libri vi (Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the
neighboring countries like Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina,
Heavenly Orb)
and Chile.
Religion: Roman Catholic
AGRICULTURE,
- The Incas' agricultural practices, including flat Life, Education and Contributions
grounds and terraces, continue to be used in Peru's - Copernicus, the youngest of four children, studied
Andes mountains today. mathematics, astronomy, and astrology at the University
- Their complex irrigation systems and freeze-dry of Cracow.
system ensure consistent fresh food supply, even during - He was guided by his maternal uncle, Lucas
non-seasonal periods, a practice copied globally. Watzenrode.
ASTRONOMY - Copernicus studied the geocentric view, which
- The Incas, renowned for their celestial knowledge, believed the earth was fixed in the universe.
used the Sun's orientations in temples, carvings, and - He developed a sun-centered epiclyclet model,
solar pillars for time management, creating two replicating Ptolemy's earth-centered equant model.
calendars for mining and agriculture. - His model included two uniform motions around
TECHNOLOGY, The Inca Civilization managed to separate centers. The center of the circle and the center
surpass modern expectations in many ways, with the of the epicycle
limited knowledge and resources that they had. Works of Copernicus
• Architecture - One of the major contributions of the COMMENTARIOLUS OR LITTLE COMMENTARY –
Inca Empire was architecture. Machu Picchu introduced the idea that the earth is not the center of the
• Metallurgy - Incas had the capacity to mine and universe, but rather a planet in orbit around the sun. He
work with different minerals such as gold, silver, iron, also noted that all spheres encircle the sun, making the
copper and emeralds. center of the universe near the sun. He also explained
• Quipus - an element made by knotting different that apparent motions in heaven's vault and the suns are
colored strings not real but result from earth's motion.
• Bridges and Roads - allowed them to Other Important Contributors Who Supported
communicate different areas the Idea of Copernicus
• Aqueducts - provided them with drinkable water 1. Galileo Galilei – an Italian who built his
and that proved that they had advanced engineering telescopes and seen the moons of Jupiter and phases of
capacities. Venus, convincing him that Copernicus was right.
EDUCATION AND CULTURE, 2. Johannes Kepler – the German contemporary of
- The Incas' education system was based on oral Galilei, stated that the orbits of the planets.
transmission and was based on hearing and 3. Isaac Newton – English scientist who published
memorizing.
- The youth school was called 'Yachaywasi', and
his monumental Principia, laying out the laws of SIGMUND FREUD, Austrian Psychoanalyst
gravitation and mechanics that unwittingly. Austrian Name: Sigismund Schlomo Freud (later
changed to Sigmund Freud)
CHARLES DARWIN, The British Naturalist Born: May 6, 1856; Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire
British Name: Charles Robert Darwin (now Příbor, Czech Republic)
Born: February 12, 1809; Shrewsbury, Shropshire, Died: September 23, 1939; London, U.K.
England Important Contributions:
Died: April 19, 1882; Downe, Kent A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
Important Contributions: The Ego and the Id
The Voyage of the The Interpretation of Dreams
Beagle and Descent of Man Religion: Atheist but his Jewish background and
Religion: Christian upbringing played an important role in the development
Life, Education and Contributions of his ideas.
Charles Darwin, the second son of Robert Waring Life, Education and Contributions
Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood, studied medicine at - Sigmund Freud, born in 1856, studied psychology
Edinburgh University in 1825. and psychoanalysis, focusing on hypnosis and
He was taught about human psychology, chemistry, suggestion to alleviate hysteria symptoms.
and plant classification. - He explored unconscious content in dreams, arguing
He was guided by Robert Edmond Grant in collecting that behavior is driven by the unconscious.
sea pens and sea slugs, and was introduced to botany - Freud's model of the human personality includes
by Reverend John Stevens Henslow terms like Ego, Superego, Id, and Unconscious.
The Beagle Voyage The Structure of the Personality
• Darwin's five-year voyage aboard a ship was Freud's biological orientation stemmed from medical
marked by physical hardship and mental rigor. training and his understanding of individuals as dynamic
• He observed the vastness of the ocean, oyster energy reservoirs, seeking discharge and replenishment.
shells running through local rocks, and the richness of 1. LIBIDO – The instinctual drive towards survival and
the rainforest in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil. replacement of energy requires translation into more
• He also found extinct mammals' bones, skulls, specific terms
femurs, and armor plates, and a new species of small 2. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE – Instincts drive and direct
rhea. behavior, the goal of which is the satisfaction of needs
• These observations highlight the diverse and derived from the instincts.
fascinating world he encountered during his voyage. • Id - which included other genetically inherent
The Galapagos Islands features, such as the impulse to love and to seek
• Darwin's navigation to the volcanic prison islands gratification.
led to mistakes, including mistakenly thinking the tortoise • Ego - It develops from the Id because of the
was not native to the islands. organism's need to cope with external reality for the
• He also misunderstood the closely related nature of satisfaction of its instinctual requirements.
finches. • Superego - includes a psychic structure that acts
• The Darwin-Galápagos legend masks Darwin's in regulating the relationship between the instinctual
complex scientific discovery, and his observations drives and Ego, and the outside world.
inspired his theory of evolution by natural selection. 3. REALITY PRINCIPLE – is the delay of immediate
• The extinct sloths were also observed. gratification in recognition of social requirements or
The Origin of Species higher needs.
• In 1859, Darwin argued for the common ancestry of The Structure of the Personality
life and natural selection as the cause of speciation, Infancy requires essential needs like food, security,
contrasting special creation with natural selection's and warmth for development, forming a close link
ability to explain life diversity. between mother and child, ensuring a desirable pre-
• He argued that biologists classify species based on natal condition.
common ancestry, not special creation, and that 1. ORAL STAGE – the infant's first source of pleasure is
embryos develop traits similar to their parents, promoting oral, deriving from the mouth.
heritable variation. 2. ANAL STAGE – tension builds up as bowel and
• Darwin's morphology and embryology also bladder functioning demand attention.
supported this claim. His Rudimentary Organs theory, 3. GENITAL STAGE – when the child begins to realize
which explored vestigial animal structures, influenced that it is a pleasurable experience to manipulate
evolution and development studies, with Ernst Haeckel particular areas of the body, such as the mouth, the anus
supporting its biogenetic law. and the genitals.
4. PHALLIC STAGE – the instinctual urge is objective
and aggressive, whereas masturbation in the immature MODULE 3: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
Genital period is essentially a subjective experience. NATION BUILDING
5. LATENCY PERIOD – lasting from about age five or PHILIPPINES GREAT INVENTIONS
six to puberty. Adolescence, with its sexual emphasis,
gradually channels the sexual impulse into object DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND
choices, and finally merges into adult life. TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Six Developmental Tasks in The Emotional The science and technology history in the Philippines
Domain started way back before the country gained its
1. the creation and sensation of a sense of self as independence from our colonizers. The early inhabitants
distinct from others, had their own culture, the practice of faith, and
2. ability to tolerate emotions in self and others, indigenous science and technology.
3. the capacity to manage aggressive urges,
4. the development of a sense of cause and effect SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRE-
and of control over the environment, SPANISH ERA
5. the development of a self-reflective capacity and ● Scientific knowledge is practiced in the way they plant
6. the capacity to enter into and sustain a state of their crops.
latency, repressing inappropriate sexual drives. ● They are taking care of animals to help them in their
Stages of Superego Maturity daily tasks of food production.
Superego development may be divided into layers ● Climate interpretation
representing historical phases of the infantile struggle to ● The concept of a month is composed of days.
master primitive forms of instinct.
TECHNOLOGY
1. A primitive layer with punishment for oral-sadistic
and anal fantasies; ● building houses ● irrigations
2. The benign Superego, which derives from the ● the instrument for planting,
image of the loving and comforting parent, especially the hunting, cooking, and fishing ● weapons as a
mother. defense for war
3. Oedipally-derived layer containing derivatives of ● the use of soil for
the incest situation, jealousy, rivalry, hostility, etc. planting purpose
4. Acquisition of parental standards and values, ● medicinal uses of plants
ideals and injunctions, the internalization of parental love ● Waterways transportation ● Land transportation
and protection, prohibition and punishment.
SPANISH ERA
5. Superego death. This occurs when the Ego has
- During the Spanish Era, Spanish colonizers
become autonomous.
introduced their culture and practices to the early Filipino
Consciousness and the Unconscious people, leading to the development of science and
Freud divided the mind into layers. technology in the Philippines
♦ CONSCIOUS STATE - Perceptual awareness - Formal learning in science and technology began,
♦ THE SUBCONSCIOUS - includes some material which with schools for boys and girls being established.
has been dissociated from conscious thinking - The Spanish introduced subjects related to the
♦ PRECONSCIOUS CONTENTS - is described as human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies.
having no sense of awareness but its contents are - Catholic Orders introduced formal colleges and
available for recall. universities, and the trading system brought additional
♦ UNCONSCIOUS PART - contains memories which technology and cultural practices
have been repressed, and under normal circumstances - Filipino students studying in Europe contributed to
cannot be recalled. Equates with the Brain Stem, the advancements in Medicine, Engineering, Arts, Music,
Cerebellum, the Pons and other deep brain structures - and literature.
not specialized laterally; indeed, one of their functions is
to integrate the two hemispheres. AMERICAN ERA
♦ NEURO-PSYCHOANALYSIS - combines the insights - The Americans have more influence in the
of both neuroscience and psychoanalysis to obtain a development of Science and Technology in the
better understanding of mind and brain. Philippines compared to the Spaniards.
♦ CONSCIOUS AND SUBCONSCIOUS AFFECTIVE - The Americans pioneered the discovery of minerals
(EMOTIONAL) - aspects of lateralization are linked to in the country and Transportation and communication
right hemisphere and limbic processes systems were improved.
♦ CONSCIOUS AND SUBCONSCIOUS COGNITIVE - the teaching of basic and Science Education is
(ANALYTICAL AND VERBAL) - processes are linked to about nature studies and sanitation.
the left. - The Americans conducted research about how to
control malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis, and other Roberto Del Rosario - He developed the Karaoke
tropical diseases. Sing Along System (SAS).
Dr. Pedro B. Escuro - A Filipino scientist known for
AFTER WORLD WAR II his isolation of nine rice varieties.
- World War II, despite the physical destruction, it Dr. Carmen Ll. Intengan - A food and nutrition
created an opportunity for progress in the field of researcher who contributed to the advancement of
Science and Technology in the Philippines. nutrition in the country.
- the Overseas Development Allocations (ODA), an Clara Y. Lim-Sylianco - A national scientist who
organization of different countries vowed to the less worked on mutagen, antimutagen and bio-organic
developed countries for scientific productivity and mechanism.
technological capability. Dr. Bienvenido O. Juliano - A national scientist
- Producing more professions in Engineering, known for his outstanding contributions to the chemistry
Technology, Medicine, and others is the main goal in and technology rice grain quality.
terms of human resources at that time. Felix Maramba - A scientist who built a coconut oil-
fueled power generator and a developer of biogas
PHILIPPINES GREATEST INVENTIONS systems.
The Philippines is a hub of innovation and invention, Maria Y. Orosa - A chemist and the pioneering food
with numerous scientific breakthroughs by Filipino technologist on food preservation. She invented the
personalities. These breakthroughs showcase their palayok oven.
creativity, passion, and unique ideas. Indigenous Dr. William G. Padolina - He is recognized for his
products and practices have significantly impacted the significant contribution on the chemistry of the coconut,
global science world. This topic focuses on world- medicinal plants chemistry and biogas production.
renowned Filipino personalities and indigenous science Francisco Quisumbing - a Filipino chemist who
and technology. invented Quink ink.
Objectives/Competencies: Rudy Lantano Sr. - He developed the Super Bunker
1. Familiarize oneself with Filipino Personalities and Formula-L, a revolutionary fuel half-composed of water.
their contributions to science and technology. Dr. Virgilio Malang - He is one of the renowned
2. Appraise the impact of these great inventions on Filipino inventors that developed the Feminine Hygiene
the development of the Filipino nation. or the External Vaginal Cleanser.
3. Acquaint with indigenous technology in the Diosdado Banatao - He developed the first single-
Philippines. chip graphical user interface accelerator that made
computers work a lot faster.
PHILIPPINES’ WELL-KNOWN
INVENTORS/INNOVATORS
Dr. Fe del Mundo - She pioneered the field of
Pediatrics in the Philippines. In 1941, she designed the
bamboo incubator.
Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar - He contributed so much to
the discovery of erythromycin where he stumbled upon
the bacteria Streptomyces erythraeus
Dr. Gregorio Zara - the inventor of the first
videophone.
Dr. Angel C. Alcala - A national scientist best known
for his research related to the rehabilitation of coral
reefs. He created the first artificial reef.
Benjamin Almeda Sr. - He is known as the “Father
of Filipino inventors.” He was recognized in the
innovation industry for inventing various original food
processing machines
Dr. Julian A. Banzon - He is a National Scientist and
biochemist credited for his research in alternative fuel.
Dr. Ramon C. Barba - A well-known Filipino scientist
and horticulturist best known for his contribution towards
advancements in the mango industry.
Anacleto S. Del Rosario - He invented the formula
for producing a pure kind of alcohol from tuba in a nipa
palm and recognized as the "Father of Philippine
Science and Laboratory".