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The Core

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The Core

Uploaded by

prenelopej
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 13.

The Core
Objectives discuss the different layers of
1 the core; and
At the end of
the lesson,
differentiate the properties of
you should be 2 each layer.
able to:
Learn about It!

The Core
• The core is the innermost layer
of Earth.

• It is considered as Earth’s center,


with a thickness of around 3 500
km.

Earth’s Core
Learn about It!

Core Composition
• In general, the core is composed
mainly of iron, nickel, and lighter
elements: sulfur, oxygen, carbon
and hydrogen.
• Turbulent flow of iron in the outer
core is believed to be responsible
for the generation of Earth’s
magnetic field.

Earth’s Core
Learn about It!

Core Composition
• Turbulent flow of iron in the
outer core is believed to be
responsible for the generation
of Earth’s magnetic field.

Earth’s Magnetic Field


Learn about It!

Layers of Earth’s Core


• The outer core is a liquid layer,
2260 km thick. The temperature
in this region is very high
allowing the melting of
materials.

Earth’s Core
Learn about It!

Layers of Earth’s Core


• The inner core is the innermost
layer of Earth. It is also
composed of iron and nickel and
light elements. Unlike outer
core, this layer is in solid phase.

Earth’s Core
Learn about It!

Movement in the Core


• The inner core rotates in opposite
the direction of the flow of the outer
core, creating a geodynamo effect
that generates Earth’s magnetic
field.

Rotation in the Earth’s Core


Learn about It!

Movement in the Core


• This magnetic field is very important
in protecting Earth from the
charged particles emitted by the
solar winds.

Rotation in the Earth’s Core


Learn about It!

Movement in the Core


• Without Earth’s magnetic field,
the solar wind will strip off
the ozone layer from Earth’s
atmosphere.

Earth’s Magnetic Field


Learn about It!

Movement in the Core


• The ozone layer prevents and
protects Earth’s inhabitants
from the harmful ultraviolet
rays.

Earth’s Magnetic Field


Key Points

The core is the innermost layer of Earth which is mainly composed


1 of iron and nickel.

2 Outer core is the innermost liquid layer of Earth.

3 Inner core is the innermost solid layer of Earth.


Check Your Understanding

Write true if the statement is correct while write false if


the statement is incorrect.
1. The core is composed of iron, nickel, silicon, and oxygen.
2. Inge Lehmann utilized information from seismograph to study the
internal structure of Earth
3. Inner core rotates in clockwise direction.
4. Primary wave could be able to pass through fluids.
5. The outer core is located 5 200 km from the surface.
Challenge Yourself

The core is thousands of kilometers


away from where we live. How did
scientists know about the composition of
this layer?
Bibliography
Carlson, Diane H. and Charles C. Plummer. 2009. Physical Geology: Earth Revealed, 8th Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Hefferan, Kevin and John O’Brien. 2010. Earth Materials. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.

King, Hobart. “Transform Plate Boundary.” Geology.com. Accessed May 11, 2017. http://
geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml

Levin, Harold L. 2013. The Earth Through Time. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Marshak, Stephen. 2009. Essentials of Geology 3rd Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Stephen J. Reynolds, et al. 2013. Exploring Geology, 3rd Edition. United States: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Bibliography
Tarbuck, Edward J. and Frederick J. Lutgens. 2015. Earth Science. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

United States Geological Survey. 1999. “J. Tuzo Wilson: Discovering transforms and hotspots” Accessed May 11, 2017.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/Wilson.html

United States Geological Survey. 2014. “Understanding Plate Motions” Accessed May 1, 2017.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

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