Scribd
Upload
6 views

POWER ELECTRONICS_Lecture 5

Uploaded by

obbo1972
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

POWER ELECTRONICS_Lecture 5

Uploaded by

obbo1972
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

POWER ELECTRONICS

Y2 ELT & ETT

Lecturer: Francois KARANGUZA


Tel:0788530605

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


LU3:PERFORM TECHNICAL APPLICATION OF POWER
CONVERTERS

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


Definition

▪ The system which is used for controlling the motion of an electrical machine, such type
of system is called an electrical drive.

▪ In other words, the drive which uses the electric motor is called electrical drive.

▪ The electrical drive uses any of the prime movers like diesel or a petrol engine, gas or
steam turbines, steam engines, hydraulic motors and electrical motors as a primary
source of energy. This prime mover supplies the mechanical energy to the drive for
motion control.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


• Power Modulator: The power modulator regulates the output power of the source. It controls
the power from the source to the motor in such a manner that motor transmits the speed-torque
characteristic required by the load.

• Control Unit: The control unit controls the power modulator which operates at small voltage
and power levels. It also generates the commands for the protection of power modulator and
motor.

• Sensing Unit: It senses the certain drive parameter like motor current and speed. It mainly
required either for protection or for closed loop operation.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


Elements of electrical Drives

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


Perform power supply and control

Power Supplies
1. Types
• Linear Power Supply: Describe how they operate using linear regulators to provide stable DC
output.
• Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS): Explain how they use high-frequency switching to
convert power efficiently. It is an electronic device that converts electrical power efficiently
from one voltage level to another
• Unregulated Power Supplies: Detail their simplicity and why they are less commonly used in
sensitive applications.
• Battery-based Power Supplies: Discuss the role of batteries in providing DC power directly to
devices.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

• The basic switch mode power supplies (SMPS) are categorized based on
supply input and output voltage. The main four groups are:
1.AC to DC – Off-line DC power supply
2.DC to DC – Converter
3.DC to AC – Inverter
4.AC to AC – Cycloconverter of frequency changer
• The main components of an SMPS are:
✓Input rectifier and filter
✓Inverter consisting of a high frequency signal and switching devices
✓Power transformer
✓Output rectifier
✓Feedback system and circuit control
POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
Power supplies

2. Main Components

• Transformer: Used in AC-to-DC supplies to step down voltage levels.

• Rectifier: Converts AC voltage to DC.

• Filter Capacitors: Smoothes out the DC after rectification.

• Voltage Regulator: Maintains a constant DC output.

• Protection Components (e.g., fuses, diodes): Safeguard against overloads.

3. Block Diagram Description

• Provide a clear block diagram showing each component's place in a power supply.

• Describe each block's role in transforming, rectifying, filtering, and regulating power.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
A device that provides backup power to electronics when the main power source fails. UPSs are
used to protect equipment from damage and power loss, and are often found in computer
systems, data servers, and industrial settings. UPSs work by switching to stored energy in batteries,
supercapacitors, or flywheels when the main power source fails.
1. Function
• Explain the core purpose of UPS systems: to provide backup power during an outage, protecting
sensitive devices and data.
• Mention additional functionalities, such as surge protection and power conditioning.
2. Basic Operation
• Describe how a UPS system typically charges batteries when power is available and switches to
battery power when an outage occurs.
• Cover different modes of operation like “standby” and “online” to explain UPS behavior under
various conditions.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


3. Components of a UPS
• A UPS typically consists of several key components that work together to
provide reliable backup power.
• Battery Power: The battery system is critical for maintaining power during outages. It
stores energy and delivers it when the main power source fails.
• Rectifier: This component converts AC power from the mains to DC power to charge
the battery.
• Inverter: The inverter then converts the stored DC power back to AC power to supply
the connected equipment during an outage.
• Static Bypass Switch: This switch allows the UPS to maintain continuous power by
bypassing the internal components in case of an internal fault or overload.
• Transfer Time: This is the time it takes for the UPS to switch from main power to
battery power. Shorter transfer times are typically better to ensure minimal
disruption.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
4. Types
• Standby UPS: Primarily used for basic power loss protection.
• Line-interactive UPS: Offers voltage regulation for minor sags or surges.
• Double-conversion (Online) UPS: Provides continuous power supply with
isolation from main power.
• Delta Conversion UPS: Modern UPS that’s highly efficient and used in
larger installations.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


• Standby UPS(offline)
Protects against power surges and provides battery backup in the event of a power outage. AC power
passes through the unit under normal conditions and switches to battery mode when a power failure is
detected.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


Line-Interactive UPS
In addition to battery backup, line-interactive UPS provide conditioned power,
eliminating voltage fluctuations. AC power passes through a voltage regulator, which
corrects low and high voltages as needed, and switches to battery backup mode when a
power failure is detected.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
• Online, Double Conversion UPS
Incoming AC power is converted to direct current (DC) and then back to high-quality
AC power, free from voltage fluctuations and other distortions common in grid power.
Online UPS systems also include a high-efficiency ECO mode, which automatically
suspends or resumes double conversion depending on the quality of input power.

POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


UPS Rectifier and battery

10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


UPS inverter

10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT


10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT
10/24/2023 POWER ELECTRONICS MODULE _Y2 ELT & ETT

You might also like