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SAMPLING

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Tiffany Kate Bihasa
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SAMPLING

Uploaded by

Tiffany Kate Bihasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING

In this lesson, we will focus on the two sampling methods: Probability and Non-
probability. Therefore, at the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. differentiate sample from population;
2. identify the types of sampling; and
3. identify and describe the methods of probability and non-probability sampling
In gathering data, the entire group where you
want to gather data and draw your conclusions is
called population.
• What if the population is too big or scattered
geographically?
• What can you do to manage the population?
SAMPLING
When conducting a research, there were times that
it is not possible to gather data from every member of
that group. This is where sampling comes in.

• Sampling is a method of selecting participants


(samples) in your study from the total population.
• The population is the entire group you want to study and
draw conclusions.

• The sample is the specific group of individuals that you


will collect data from population.
Why is sampling important in doing a
research?
Every researcher like you faces challenges when working on a
project. Most of the time, student-researchers have limited resources but
wanted to gather reliable data. With sampling, you will:

• save time;

• save money; and

• save effort.
Sample Size
• To draw valid conclusions from results, carefully decide how to
select the participants that is representative of the population.
• The number of individuals or observations included in an
experiment is called sample size.
Probability Sampling

• Probability sampling utilizes random sampling techniques to


select individuals to create sample.
• It is also known as random sampling. Every member of a
population has an equal chance of being selected.
• That is why this method of sampling assures that a sample is
truly a representation of the whole population.
Non-Probability Sampling

• The second type of sampling is non-probability which is the


opposite of the first one.
• This involves non-random techniques based on convenience or
other criteria set by the researcher.
• Since it does not involve random processes in selecting
participants, the members of the population will not have an
equal chance of being selected.
Probability Sampling

• Simple random sampling: People (or things) are


selected at random, and each one has the same
chance of being chosen.
• For example, if there are 100 buildings and you wanted
to estimate the average number of floors per building,
you might randomly select 20 buildings for your
sample.
Simple Random Sampling
Probability Sampling

• Systematic sampling: The first person is selected


randomly, and then a fixed interval is used to select
additional individuals.
• For example, in a population of 1,000 people, the first
selected individual is number 2 (shown in blue).
• From there, every fourth person is selected, such as
numbers 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, etc., until you reach your
sample size of 100 individuals.
Systematic sampling
Probability Sampling

• Cluster sampling: This is used when a population is


huge or spread out over a large area. People are
randomly selected from groups or areas, such as
states.
• For example, to study a country’s population, 100
individuals may be randomly selected from larger
states, and 50 from the smaller ones.
Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling

• Stratified sampling: The population is divided into


smaller groups, or “strata,” that share a characteristic.
People from each smaller group are randomly selected
to form the sample.
• For example, if we want to know the top favorite food
among students in a school, we can divide the
students into strata based on their grade, and then
choose a few students randomly from each grade to be
in our sample.
Probability Sampling

• Multi-stage sampling: is a complex form of cluster


sampling where samples are taken in different stages
by dividing the population into smaller groups (or
clusters) at each stage.
• For example, in a national level survey, at first
researcher may select a few states as sample. At the
second stage, within the states, a few districts may be
selected and then within each district, some blocks
and then some villages and so on.
Non-Probability Sampling

• Convenience sampling: If you only have access to a


certain number of people, you might choose this
method.
• Who is available to participate in your study?
• While convenience sampling isn’t as reliable, it’s more
convenient your time and resources might be limited.
Non-Probability Sampling

• Quota sampling: The population is divided into groups


based on shared characteristics, such as gender or age.
A proportional, representative sample is selected from
each group.
• For example, if a company has 100 employees, with 40
being men and 60 being women, they might select 4
men and 6 women to be in the sample.
Non-Probability Sampling

• Snowball sampling: You start with a small group who


meet certain criteria (or standards), and then ask them
to refer other people who also meet the criteria.
• This method is often used to study hard-to-reach
populations, or to identify people with rare
characteristics.
Final Takeaways

• Probability sampling is a more reliable way of


selecting people for a study because it gives everyone
in the group an equal chance of being picked. This
means that the findings are more likely to be true for
the whole group.
• Non-probability sampling can sometimes give
inaccurate results because it doesn't choose people
randomly, which can make the sample not look like the
population it's supposed to represent.
Remember…
Safety First!
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