K.R.

MANGALAM WORLD SCHOOL, VIKASPURI

CLASS XI PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICALS

(30 Marks) Final Term

(20 marks files, 5 marks viva, 5 marks notebook)

1. Psychology Practical File with name, class and section [Front

page]

Introduction to psychological testing

 Experiment-1

 Survey (In separate file)

 INDEX
S.NO PARTICULARS DATE SIGNATURE

1. Introduction to Psychological
testing

2. Experiment -1
 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING (Heading)

Psychological Testing- A standardized and objective instrument which is used to assess an individual
standing relation to other on some mental and behavioral characteristics.

Types of Psychological Tests-

*On the basis of their language

1. Verbal Tests
2. Non Verbal Tests
3. Performance test
*On the basis of Administration
1. Individual Test
2. Group Test
*On the Basis of Difficulty level
1. Speed Test
2. Power Test
* On the basis of cultural representation
1. Culture fair test- Test -Culture fair test is a test that is equally fair to all cultural groups. Fairness is
related to a lack of bias in the interpretation or use of a test to classify or diagnose. In a culture fair test,
the validity of the interpretation is similar across different cultural groups. Eg. Koh’s Block Design
2. Culture Biased Test- These are test developed for specific cultural setting. Tests developed in America
and Europe represent urban and middle class cultural ethos

Characteristics of a good test-

1. Standardisation
2. Objectivity
3. Reliability- (Definition. Types)
4. Validity
5. Norms

Uses of Psychological Test

 These are used primarily for analysis and determination of individual differences in general
intelligence, aptitude, personality traits etc.
 Psychological tests are also used for a variety of psychological, educational, cultural studies of
groups as well as study of particular individuals.
 Test provides very useful information for educational and vocationalguidance.
 In schools, tests can be used to identify students with low as well high intelligence.
 It helps in knowing the causes of behavioural problems.
 In clinics, psychological tests are used for individual diagnosis of factors associated with
personal problems of learning, behaviour or specific interpersonal relations.
 In business and industry, tests are helpful in selecting and classifying personnel for placement in
jobs.

Methods of Data Collection

1. Observation
It is an effective method of describing behaviour. Witnessing an event and recording.

Steps of Observation-

a) Selection- Psychologists select a particular behaviour for observation e.g. One may be interested to
know how children behaviour behave on their first day in school.
b) Recording- the researcher records the selected behaviour using different means such as marking
tallies for a behaviour, taking notes describing each activity in detail.
c) Analysis of data- Psychologists analyzes whatever they have recorded to derive meaning out of it.

Types of observation-

Natualistic Obsevation - This refers to observations done in natural and real life settings. The observer
makes no effort to control or manipulate the situation. This type of observation is conducted in schools
and hospitals.
Controlled observation- this type of observation is doe in laboratory experiments.
Participant observation- In this type of observation the observer becomes a part of the group being
observed.
Non- Participant Observation- In this type of observation, group or people are observed from a distance
or through a camera.

Advantage of Observation Method

 Researcher obtains a data about a truly natural behaviour rather than a behaviour that is reaction
to experimental situation.
Disadvantage of Observation Method
 It can be difficult and time consuming
 Controls are lacking
 Difficult to generalize results
 Scientific objectivity is lost if experimenter interacts with the participants

2. Experimental Method (Definition )

Hypothesis- A possible explanation for a behaviour being studied that can be answered by an experiment
or a series of observation. It can also be defined as tentative and a testable statement.

Variables- Factors that can be varied and can assume more than one value.
Independent Variable - A variable that is controlled by the experimenter and is applied to the
participants to determine its effect.
Dependent Variable - A measurable behaviour that is exhibited by a participant and is affected by the
independent variable.

Control Group - The group in which participants are treated identically to participate in the experimental
condition, except that the independent variable is not applied to them.
Experimenter Group - The group in which independent variable is introduced
Advantage of Experimental Method -
It helps in discovering the causes of behaviour.
It also helps in understanding cause and effect relationship.
Disadvantage of Experimental Method-
It cannot be used to study all kinds of behaviour.
 The experiments may produce results that do not apply in real life situations.
They have low external validity.
It is difficult to know and control all the relevant variables
Difference between test and experiment
S.no TEST EXPERIMENT

1 It is standardized instrument used to The researcher tries to manipulate the

measure intellectual and non situation and tries to prove or

intellectual characteristics of an disapprove a hypothesis.

individual through verbal or non

verbal measures.

2 It evaluates certain attributes of an It determines cause and effect

individual. relationship between variables

3 It does not have an hypothesis It has a hypothesis

4 It is standardized and has norms It does not have norms and is meant

for verification of various principles.

3. Survey Method
4. Interview
5. Questionnair
6. Case Study

Ethical Guidelines for carrying research

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Next Page >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

History of Experimental Psychology (Heading)

Psychology (Def)
Mental Processes, Experiences, Behaviour(EXPLAIN)

Francis Galton (1822-1911) was the first scientist to undertake systematic and
statistical investigation of individual differences. He was preceded by other
psychologists who were either concerned with problem of dualism of mind and
matter or general problems and theories rather than individual differences.
Some Land Marks in Evolution OF Psychology
1. 1879 2. 1890 3. 1905 4. 1916 5. 1928
6. 1949 7.1954 8.1954 9.1955 10. 1962
11. 1989 12. 1997
 SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR WRITING EXPERIMENT REPORT

TITLE (Name of the Experiment)

AIM
INTRODUCTION
3.HYPOTHESIS-
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
4. CONTROL
5. DESIGN OF EXPERIEMNT
6. METHOD
- Material Required
7. PROCEDURE
a. Preliminary Information
- Name-
- Age
- Sex
-Class
-Date of Conduction
-Place of Conduction

b. Rapport Formation
c. Instructions

8. CONDUCTION

- Introspective Report-
- Behavioural Observation

9. SCORING
10. RESULT
-Interpretation
- Conclusion
11.REFERENCE

NOTE: PRACTICAL FILE SHOULD BE HAND WRITTE

 Experiment-1

Impact of Meaningfulness of studying

 material on learning


AIM:
To study the impact of meaningfulness of study material on learning.

INTRODUCTION
- Definition of learning(pg 108)
- Features of Learning ( only Italics part) not in detail
- Theories of Learning
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Observational Learning
- Verbal Learning ( definition and methods )pg-118,119
- Factors that effect learning (1. Continuous vs partial reinforcement, 2. Motivation,
3. Preparedness for learning, 4. Meaningfulness of material ( pg.123)
-
3. HYPOTHESIS- It will take fewer numbers of trials to learn the meaningful words as compared
to non-sense syllables
- Independent Variable(IV)- List A of non-sense syllables and List B of meaningful words
- Dependent Variable(DV)- The numbers of trials required to learn each of the two list.

4. CONTROL:
a. The Noise level was controlled.
b. Temperature is kept at comfortable level.
c. Light was adequate.
d. It was ensured that the subject was not tired or anxious.
5. DESIGN OF EXPERIEMNT:

LIST-A LIST-B

- 15 Non sense syllables such as - 15 meaningful syllables such as

MEK(1 Syllable on one flash card) BAT(1 Syllable on one flash card)
- Each card is shown for 10 seconds - Each card is shown for 10 seconds
- Given one minute to recall and write. - Given one minute to recall and write

6. METHOD
- Material Required
7. PROCEDURE
a. Preliminary Information
- Name-
- Age
- Sex
-Class
-Date of Conduction-
-Place of Conduction-

b. Rapport Formation:
- Make subject sit comfortably.
- Strike a friendly conversation by asking the subject about his/her schooling, family,
friends and interests in general.
- When the subject feels at ease, he/she is asked if she was ready for the activity.
- After an affirmative answer from your subject, read out the instructions.

c. Instructions:
1. You will be shown two list, List a has meaningless words and list b will have
meaningful words.
2. You will be shown card of each words for 10 seconds.
3. After you have seen all the words from List A, Then you will be given one minute to
write down the words that you remember in any order.
4.However, the trials will continue till you are able to recall all the words correctly in one
minute.
5.Similarly, the same procedure will be followed with List-B

8. CONDUCTION

- Introspective Report-
- Behavioural Observation-
9. SCORING
Total number of trials taken to recall List A completely and List B completely is noted.

LIST LIST A LIST B

NO. OF TRIALSTAKEN TO Eg- 7 Eg-5

RECALL

10. RESULT :
Interpretation-
The results were analysed on the basis of the trials required to recall words from both list.
Since, the subjects number of trials to recall non-sense syllables were more than the
number of trials to recall meaningful words, it proves that meaningful words are easier to
learn.

Conclusion-
Since , the subjects number of trials to recall non-sense syllabus were more than the
number of trials to recall meaningful words, the hypothesis is valid.

11.REFERENCE
-NCERT- Text Book
 SURVEY
When creating a survey for teenagers in the field of psychology, it's important to select topics
that are not only relevant but also engaging and sensitive to the unique experiences and concerns
of this age group.

Some sample topics given below (Note- you can take up topic beyond this
relevant to present scenario).
1. Mental Health and Coping:
- Sources of stress and coping strategies among teenagers.
- Perceptions of mental health services and barriers to seeking help.
- The impact of social media on self-esteem and mental well-being.
2. Social Media and Technology:
- Social media usage patterns and its effects on relationships and self-image.
- Cyberbullying experiences and responses.
- Screen time and sleep patterns among teens.
3. Peer Relationships and Bullying:
- Friendships and peer group dynamics.
- Experiences of bullying, both online and offline.
- Feelings of loneliness and social isolation.
4. Academic Stress and Motivation:
- Sources of academic stress and academic performance.
- Motivation for learning and study habits.
- Perceptions of standardized testing and its impact on self-esteem.
5. Body Image and Self-Esteem:
- Body image perceptions and self-esteem in teenagers.
- The role of media and advertising in shaping body image.
- Strategies for promoting a positive body image.
6. Sexuality and Relationships:
- Sexual education and knowledge about relationships.
- Experiences of dating and peer pressure.
- Attitudes toward LGBTQ+ issues and inclusivity.
7. Substance Use and Peer Pressure:
- Experiences and attitudes towards drug and alcohol use.
- Peer pressure related to substance use.
- Awareness and perceptions of the risks associated with substance use.
8. Online Behavior and Cybersecurity:
- Online privacy awareness and practices.
- Experience with online scams and cybersecurity.
- Online interactions and behaviors in virtual spaces.
9. Identity and Self-Expression:
- Exploration of self-identity and self-expression among teenagers.
- Gender identity and experiences of gender dysphoria.
- Perceptions of cultural diversity and cultural identity.
10. Bullying Prevention and Intervention:
 - Awareness and use of anti-bullying programs in schools.
- Ideas for effective bullying prevention and intervention strategies.
- Personal experiences and involvement in anti-bullying efforts.
11. Family Dynamics:
- Perceptions of family relationships and communication.
- Experiences of divorce or family changes.
- Parental involvement in decision-making and support.

12. Happiness and Gratitude:

- Measuring and enhancing happiness levels.
- The impact of practicing gratitude on well-being.
- Favorite activities that boost mood.
13. Superstitions and Beliefs:
- Common superstitions and their origins.
- Beliefs in lucky charms and rituals.
- Surveying paranormal beliefs and experiences.
14. Dreams and Nightmares:
- Analyzing common dream themes and symbols.
- Frequency of nightmares and their effects.
- Sleep quality and dream recall.
15. Senses and Perception:
- Synesthesia and the blending of senses.
- Optical illusions and visual perception.
- Preferences for various sensory experiences
16. Laughing and Humor:
- What makes people laugh and the psychology of humor.
- Favorite comedians, TV shows, or memes.
- Humor's role in coping with stress.
17. Pet Psychology:
- The psychological benefits of owning pets.
- How pets influence mood and stress levels.
- Attachment to pets and pet-related activities.
18. Decision-Making in Everyday Life:
- Everyday choices and decision-making processes.
- The psychology of impulse buying.
- Preferences for risk-taking or cautious decisions.
19. Emoticons and Emoji Usage:
- Psychological interpretations of popular emoticons and emojis.
- Frequency and emotional context of emoji use in text messages.
- Attitudes toward different emojis.
20. Cognitive Biases in Daily Life:
- Recognizing and understanding common cognitive biases.
- Personal experiences with biases like confirmation bias or hindsight bias.
- Strategies for mitigating cognitive biases.
21. Time Perception and Procrastination:
- How people perceive the passage of time.
 - Attitudes and habits related to procrastination.
- Time management techniques and their effectiveness.
22. Food Psychology:
- The psychology of food cravings.
- The influence of colors and presentation on food preferences.
- Comfort food choices and emotional eating.
23. Nostalgia and Memory:
- Recollections of nostalgic experiences.
- The role of music, movies, and pop culture in triggering nostalgia.
- The impact of nostalgia on mood and well-being.
24. Fears and Phobias:
- Unusual or uncommon fears and phobias.
- Favorite horror movies or scary stories.
- Coping strategies for managing fears.

Creating a survey for a psychology project involves careful planning and

formatting to ensure that you gather accurate and useful data. Here's a
standard format to follow:

1. Title:

- Start with a clear and concise title that reflects the purpose of your survey.

2. Introduction:

- Provide a brief introduction explaining the purpose of the survey.

4. Method used for collecting Information:

- Description of method in brief, its advantage and disadvantage

Demographic Information- Collect demographic data, such as age, gender, ethnicity, education,
and occupation. This data helps in analyzing the responses in different groups.

-Ethical Guidelines (Ethics followed while conducting study)

5. Data Analysis:

- Specify the methods you will use for data analysis. (Mean/Average) Statically representing
results through graph, pie chart, bar diagram.
6. Conclusion:
 - Thank respondents for their participation. Give brief of application.

7. References:

- If your survey is based on previous research or uses specific information from website, book
etc, provide appropriate references.

______________________________________________________________________________

NOTE- keep a note of following points while doing survey:

a. Minimum sample size- 10 people (maximum 30) (preferably on teenagers only)

b. Survey Questions:

- Organize your survey questions in a logical order.

- Use clear and concise language.
- Group related questions together.
- Utilize a mix of question types, including:
- **Closed-ended questions** (e.g., multiple-choice, Likert scale) for quantifiable data.
- **Open-ended questions** for more in-depth qualitative insights.
- Ensure questions are unbiased and avoid leading questions.
- Minimum 7 Questions to maxium15 questions.

c. Distribution:

- Choose your survey distribution method (online, in-person, via email, etc.).

- Specify the start and end dates for data collection.

*Remember to maintain clarity and consistency throughout the survey to ensure that
respondents can easily understand and complete it. Also, consider the population you're
targeting and adapt the survey format accordingly.