MOREH ACADEMY

RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE

Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

MEDIA AND
INFORMATION LITERACY
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

I. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

COMMUNICATION OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1954)
✓ A process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors.
✓ The process by which messages and information is sent from one place
or person to another, or the message itself.
TWO BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
✓ Verbal (Oral)- the use of spoken words
✓ Non- Verbal (Written)
Examples: signs, symbols, colors, gestures, body language, facial
expression
✓ Communication is a two-way street, with a sender and a receiver.
THE EIGHT (8) ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
✓ Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that communication was
circular rather than linear.
✓ Source- it is where the message came from. She/he decides what
MEDIA
message is to be transmitted.
✓ Media is the plural form of medium.
✓ Encoding- the process by which a message is translated so it can be
✓ Describes as any channel of communication.
transmitted and communicated to another party.
✓ Encompasses the art, news, educational content, and numerous other
✓ Transmitting- the actual of sending the message. It can either be through
forms of information
the person’s vocal cords and facial muscles complemented with the
gestures if we mean the act of speaking. TYPES OF LITERACY
✓ Channels- technologies are the lines that enable the act of sending or ✓ MEDIA LITERACY
• The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a
transmitting.
variety of forms.
✓ Decoding- it is the process by which the receiver translates the sources
✓ INFORMATION LITERACY
thoughts and ideas so they can have meaning.
• The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate,
✓ Receiver- is the one who gets the message that was transmitted through
evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various
the channels.
formats.
✓ Feedback- is the response generated by the message that was sent to
✓ TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY
the receive
• The ability of an individual, either working independently or with
✓ Noise Interference- the interference is known as noise. Noise maybe
others, to use technological tools responsibly, appropriately, and
treated both literally and figuratively.
effectively.
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

II. EVOLUTION OF MEDIA ✓ Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)

✓ Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) • The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age.
• People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor
weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age,
Examples: long distance communication became more efficient.

Cave paintings (35,000 BC) Dibao in China (2nd Century) Transistor Radio Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704
Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (1960)
Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC Television (1941) Personal computers - i.e. Hewlett
(2400 BC)
Codex in the Mayan region Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976)
Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) OHP, LCD projectors Large electronic computers- i.e.
(5th Century)
Printing press using wood EDSAC
blocks (220 AD)
✓ Information Age (1900s-2000s)
✓ Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) • The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the
• People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, creation of the social network. People advanced the use of
established iron production, and the manufacturing of various microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile
products (including books through the printing press). devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image,
Examples: sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the
information age.
Printing press for mass Commercial motion pictures Examples:
production (19th century) (1913) ✓ SEARCH ENGINES- e.g Google (1996), Yahoo! (1995)
Newspaper- The London ✓ SOCIAL NETWORK- e.g Facebook (2004)
Telegraph
Gazette (1640) ✓ VIDEO SHARING- e.g YouTube (2005), Tiktok (2016)
Motion picture ✓ PORTABLE COMPUTERS- e.g SmartPhones (1992), Laptops (1980)
Telephone (1876)
photography/projection (1890)
Commercial motion pictures
Typewriter (1800)
(1913)
Motion picture with sound
(1926)
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

III. TYPES OF MEDIA IV. TYPOLOGY OF INFORMATION

1. FACTUAL VS. ANALYTICAL
✓ PRINT MEDIA FACTUAL ANALYTICAL
• Refers to paper publications such as books, newspapers, Based on evidence and Analysis or interpretations of
magazines, journals, newsletters, and other materials that are findings provided by reliable facts by an individual.
physically printed on paper. sources.
Examples: books, magazines, journals, newspapers, Examples: Examples:
newsletters, gazzete, pamphlets, flyers and leaflets. Books Feature articles
✓ BROADCAST MEDIA Encyclopedias Commentaries
• Broadcast media consist of programs produced by television Periodicals Reviews
network and radio stations.
Examples: radio, television, and film. 2. SUBJECTIVE VS. OBJECTIVE
✓ NEW MEDIA (INTERNET) SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
• Internet is an electronic communications network that Information is about the Information is unbiased & does
connects people through various networks and organizational discussion and elaboration of not lead you to judge the
computer facilities around the world. thesis statement which still information in a certain way.
Features: anchored on facts. Examples:
1.Webpage Examples: Scientific papers
2. Hypertext Editorial News report
3. Instant Messaging Web log entries
4. E-mail
5. Distance Education 3. CURRENT VS. HISTORICAL
6. E-Book CURRENT HISTORICAL
7. Online Shopping How up-to-date or recent the Used to describe an event or
8. Media Convergence information is. phenomenon.
Examples: Examples:
Internet Artifacts
Databases Historical Channels
Social Media Diaries of prominent
News Channels people
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

4. SCHOLARLY VS. POPULAR LIBRARY

SCHOLARLY POPULAR • It is a place and a “means of access to information, ideas and works
It is a product of an author’s Appeals to general interest & of imagination”.
expertise & study on the usually found in general CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARIES
subject matter. It is usually per circulation materials • School Libraries
reviewed • Academic Libraries
• Public Libraries
5. PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY VS. TERTIARY • Special Libraries
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY INTERNET
• Original first-hand Usually written by Topic review; and • A global network of computers that allows computer users around
information. someone other usually include the world to share information for various purposes
• Hasn’t been than the original bibliographies of
interpreted, author primary & VI. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES
analyzed, secondary sources. LANGUAGE
condensed, or Examples: Examples • A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols, that permit all people in a
changed. Textbooks, Bibliography given culture, or other people who have learned the system of the
encyclopedias, (citation list) of culture to communicate or to interact.
Examples: News primary & MEDIA LANGUAGES
Diary, speech, letter, commentaries. secondary sources • Denotes how media producers make meaning about a certain
interview, about a person or medium they are producing and how they transfer that meaning
photograph topic to their target audience.

V. MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES DENOTATIVE Meaning CONNOTATIVE Meaning

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Literal meaning of the media Various interpretations that media
• Refers the local knowledge that is unique to a given culture suggests to the audience which
or society. are often associated with culture,
INDIGENOUS MEDIA values, beliefs, etc.
• It is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous Example: Example:
people. HOME- a place where you live. HOME- (warmth, comfort, safety)
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

MEDIA CODES MEDIA MESSAGES

• Tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media forms and • Pieces of information sent from a source to a receiver; ideas that may
product that have a commonly established meaning to the arise from media contents.
target audience. MEDIA PRODUCERS
TYPES OF MEDIA CODES • The media producers refer to the people who initiate, plan, and
• TECHNICAL CODES produce media texts.
Codes specific to a media form alone. These are tools that MEDIA STAKEHOLDERS
media producers use to construct or to create a media product. • Stakeholders refer to people or organizations that share the same
This include camera angles, camera shots, framing, exposure, interests or intentions.
lighting and sound. MEDIA AUDIENCE
• SYMBOLIC CODES • A significant element in delivering media texts.
The meaning of the product is not based on the product itself
but on the interpretation of the audience; audience-based. VIII. LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION
• WRITTEN CODES DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
Formal written language used in creating a media product. • Digital citizenship is the “ability to find, access, use and create
MEDIA CONVENTIONS information effectively; engage with other users and with content in an
• Possible methods in which codes are organized in a product; active, critical, sensitive and ethical manner; and navigate the online
based on a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing
and ICT environment safely and responsibly, being aware of one’s own
behavior. rights”
TYPES OF MEDIA CONVENTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
• FORM CONVENTION • It refers to the “creations of the mind” such as inventions; literary and
Ways in which the types of media codes are expected to artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in
be arranged. commerce”.
• STORY CONVENTION TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Refer to basic structures of narratives. 1. COPYRIGHT
• GENRE CONVENTION It is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their
The common use of the elements of narratives such as the literary and artistic works and gives the creator the sole right to publish
characters, settings, or themes in a certain type of media. and sell that work.
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

2. PLAGIARISM CYBERCRIME
An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and • It is also called computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to
thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking in child
of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author. pornography and intellectual property, stealing identities, or violating
3. PATENT privacy.
It is an exclusive right granted for an invention. It provides the patent CYBERBULLYING
owner with the right to consent to the invention or a way for others to • It is the use of digital means of communication that could hurt or harass a
use it. person.
4. TRADEMARK DIGITAL DIVIDE
It is a distinguished sign of goods or services of one enterprise from those • The digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between demographics
of other enterprises. and regions that have access to modern information and communications
5. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN technology (ICT), and those that don't or have restricted access.
It defines as an ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an item. FAKE INFORMATION
6. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF ORIGIN • False information is news, stories, or hoaxes created to deliberately
These are signs used on products possessing qualities, a status, or misinform or deceive readers.
characteristics that are essentially attributable to that location of origin. NETIQUETTE
COMMON ISSUES ON DATA PRIVACY • Netiquette or network etiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly
1. Hacking- it involves activities that seek to compromise digital online.
devices, such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and even entire VIRTUAL SELF
networks. • It Is how you present yourself on online platforms. Whatever you say or do
2. Phishing- it is a type of social engineering attack often used to steal on the Internet can be viewed and others can easily pass judgment
user data, including login credentials and credit card numbers. without even knowing who you are outside the virtual environment.
3. Identity Theft- it occurs when a criminal obtains or uses the personal DIGITAL FOOTPRINT
information of someone else to assume their identity or access their • It is any data record of the things you do online. Anything on the Internet
account for the purpose of committing fraud, receiving benefits or with your name creates a trail of data about you.
gaining financially in some way COMPUTER ADDICTION
• It is the “over-dependence or a damaging need to do something on
computer or internet”
 MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected]

GOOD LUCK HOMAANS!