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PISA Science Set 5

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51 views

PISA Science Set 5

Uploaded by

Junpel Acut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PISA Science - Set 5

TOOTH DECAY
Bacteria that live in our mouths cause dental caries (tooth decay). Caries have been a
problem since the 1700s when sugar became available from the expanding sugar cane
industry.
Today we know a lot about caries. For example:
 Bacteria that cause caries feed on sugar.
 The sugar is transformed to acid.
 Acid damages the surface to teeth.
 Brushing teeth helps to prevent cries.

What is the role of bacteria in dental caries?


Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:

Bacteria produce enamel.


Bacteria produce sugar.
Bacteria produce minerals.
Bacteria produce acid.

TOOTH DECAY
The following graph shows the consumption of sugar and the amount of caries in different
countries.
Each country is represented by a dot in the graph.
Which one of the following statements is supported by the data given
in the graph?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:

In some countries, people brush their teeth more frequently than in other countries.
The more sugar people eat, the more likely they are to get caries.
In recent years, the rate of caries has increased in many countries.
In recent years, the consumption of sugar has increased in many countries.

A country has a high number of decayed teeth per person.


Can the following questions about tooth decay in that country be
answered by scientific experiments?
Choose "Yes" or "No" for each question.

Can this question about tooth decay be answered by Yes or


scientific experiments? No?

What would be the effect on tooth decay of putting fluoride in the


Yes
water supply?

No
How much should a visit to the dentist cost?

HOT WORK
Peter is working on repairs to an old house. He has left a bottle of water, some metal
nails, and a piece of timber inside the boot of his car. After the car has been out in the sun
for three hours, the temperature inside the car reaches about 40°C.
What happens to the objects in the car? Choose "Yes" or "No" for each
statement.
Yes or
Does this happen to the object(s)? No?

Yes
They all have the same temperature

No
After some time the water begins to boil

After some time the metal nails begin to


No
glow red.

HOT WORK
For drink during the day, Peter has a cup of hot coffee, at a temperature of about 90°C,
and a cup of cold mineral water, with a temperature of about 5°C. The cups are of
identical type and size and the volume of each drink is the same. Peter leaves the cups
sitting in a room where the temperature is about 20°C.
What are the temperature of the coffee and the mineral water likely
to be after 10 minutes?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:

70°C and 10°C


90°C and 5°C
70°C and 25°C
20°C and 20°C

MOUSEPOX
There are many types of pox viruses that cause pox diseases in animals. Each type of
virus usually infects only one animal species. A magazine has reported that a scientist has
used genetic engineering to modify the DNA of mousepox. The altered virus kills all the
mice it infects.
The scientist says research on modifying viruses is necessary in order to control pests
that damage human food. Critics of the research say viruses could escape from
laboratories and infect other animals. They are also worried that a modified pox virus for
one species could infect other species, especially humans.
Humans are infected with a pox virus called smallpox. Smallpox kills most people it
infects. White it is thought that this disease has been eliminated from the general
population, smallpox virus samples are kept in laboratories around the world.
Critics have expressed concern that the mousepox virus could infect
species other than mice. Which one of the following reasons is the
best explanation for this concern?
Choose 1 answer:
The genes of smallpox virus and the genes of modified mousepox virus are identical.
A mutation in mousepox DNA might allow the virus to infect other animals.
A mutation could make the mousepox DNA identical to smallpox DNA.
The number of genes in mousepox virus is the same as in other pox viruses.

MOUSEPOX
A person who criticized the research was worried that the modified mousepox virus might
escape from a laboratory. This virus could cause the extinction of some species of mice.
Are the following outcomes likely if some species of mice become
extinct? Choose between "Yes" or "No" in each case.

Is this outcome likely if some species of mice become Yes or


extinct? No?

Yes
Some food chains could be affected.

No
Domestic cats could die for lack of food.

Plants whose seeds are eaten by mice could temporarily


Yes
increase in number.

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