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Lec2 Comp.skills (2).Pptx

P2

Uploaded by

hiarhiarkhaork
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ninevah University

IT College
Head lines:

• Memory (types of memory).


• Computer Memory Measurement Units.
• Software (Types of Software).
• Computers Viruses.
• Anti-virus software.
Types of memory:
• A). main memory:
• 1. Ram(keeps: sys.sw, prog., data)
• 2. Rom(keeps: instructions)
• 3.Cache memory

• B). secondary memory(storage device).


• 1. HD
• 2.OD(*CD(700MB)/ *DVD(8.4GB)/ *Blue ray(50GB))
• 3.USB drive
• 4.Cloud
• 1) RAM (Random Access Memory): The main memory in computer. It
keeps system software, programs & data which are needed when the
computer is working. It’s a volatile memory.
• 2) ROM (Read Only Memory): It’s another part of the main memory but
with a very small capacity. It keeps instructions, which make the
computer work when turning it on. It’s non-volatile. The computer cannot
write on it.
• 3) Cache Memory : It’s liked to the CPU, very fast, keeps frequently used
programs and data. Therefore, it helps to increase the speed of computer.
It reduces the gap speed between the RAM and the CPU.
Cache memory
very close to the CPU
Cache memory: SRAM
• A Cache is used by the CPU to access data from the main memory in short
time
• It is a small and very fast temporary storage memory
• Cache is located inside or near to the CPU chip
Types/Levels of cache
memory

• Level 1 or L1 Cache Memory(built on processor chip and it is very fast because it


runs on the speed of the processor. It has less memory compared to other levels of
cache)
• Level 2 or L2 Cache Memory(larger but slower than L1 cache)
• Level 3 or L3 Cache Memory(used with processors nowadays, having more than
3MB of storage in it.)
Secondary Memory (Storage Devices): This memory has more
capacity than the main memory, and the information in it are not delete
when the computer is lock.

• 1) Hard Drive (HD ): A hard disk is part of a unit is inside the actual
computer.
• 2) Optical Disk (OD): An optical disk drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses
laser light as part of the process of reading or writing data to/from optical
disk
• 3) USB Drive: This is a small object that many people use to store data
• 4)The Cloud It’s another word for the Internet. There are many free ways to
store information in the cloud. E.g. Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive.
• As of 2018, 2TB (Tera Byte) flash drives were the largest available
in terms of storage capacity.
• Compared with floppy disks or CDs, they are smaller, faster, have
significantly more capacity, and are more tough due to a lack of
moving parts.
• Additionally, they are immune to electromagnetic
interference (unlike floppy disks), and are unharmed by surface
scratches (unlike CDs).
Cloud storage:
• Cloud Storage can be defined as a virtual memory unit that allows users to
create, update, delete with the use of the internet.
• files and folders can be stored in the internet-offered by the cloud service
providers.
• enables the users to access the data and files from anywhere, from any
device, at any given point in time, and also allows to share these data to
anyone across the network.
Advantages of Cloud Storage
Memory measurement units:
•
Unofficial names
BB= 2^90
HB=2^90
GPB=2^100

Brontobyte
Software:
Is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-define function. A
program sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem.

Types of software:
• A) System Software
• B) Application Software
• C) Open Source Software
A. System Software:
It’s the software which is used by the computer such as Operating System
(OS), Programming Languages.
1. Operating System.
2. Programming Languages.
Operating System:

• basic program on your computer that is automatically loaded when computer is


started up ,ex: MS-DOS
• Is responsible for controlling and managing the individual hardware components
of a computer system.

• Functions of Operating System(OS):


*booting up *user interface *task & resource management
*monitoring *file management *system security
Differences between Win.&Dos
Programming
languages
• B.Programming Languages : A set of words, rules, syntax, and semantic
used by a programmer to input his instructions to the computer to do a
special task. There are many programming languages. Each of them is
designed to solve special kinds of problems. To be a programmer you have
to learn one of the computers programming languages. Some of the
programming languages are: C++, and JAVA..
B. Application Software:

• consists of programs that tell a computer how to


produce information.
• Microsoft Office.
• Antivirus program
• Web browser
C. Open Source Software (OSS)
• Source code is available under a license that permits users to use
• Linux
Computer virus:
• What is a computer virus?
• A computer virus is a piece of computer code designed to spread from device
to device.
• a small piece of software that is put on real programs
• What does a computer virus do?
• a virus might attach itself to a program
• it has the chance to reproduce by attaching to other programs
• Some computer viruses are programmed to harm your computer by damaging
programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard drive.
How does a computer get a virus?

Even if you’re careful, you can pick up computer viruses through normal Web
activities like:
• Sharing music, files, or photos with other users
• Visiting an infected website
• Opening spam email or an email attachment
• Downloading free games, toolbars, media players and other system utilities
Examples of computer
viruses
Worms – does not require the action from a user to spread from device to
device.
Trojans - is a virus that hides within a program to spread itself across networks
or devices.
Ransomware - encrypts a user’s files.
How do viruses affect the computer?
• computer is running slower
• applications are not working right
• unusual messages
• antivirus program is suddenly disabled
• unusual icons suddenly appear
• A shortcut of every folder created with every folder
• all your data remove from hard disk
Anti-Virus Software

• It is a program that is designed to prevent, detect, and remove software virus


• To avoid virus :
• Install anti-virus software
• Use a virus scan before you open any new programs or files
• be very careful to accept files or click the links
• back up your data
Questions?

THANK YOU

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