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JOB INTERVIEW. Session 1.

Materiales formativos de FP Online propiedad del Ministerio de Educación,

Formación Profesional y Deportes
Aviso Legal

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1.- Writing a CV.

Caso práctico
Read the text and listen to the situation.

00:00 02:11
Script

Susana and Lourdes are starting to feel very

pleased with all the things they are learning in
London. They are improving their English and
they are gradually getting used to working in
a big company.

Mr. Parker has some news for them: "Hello girls!

How are you getting on with everything? Very
well, I suppose."

Lourdes struggles to hide a smile and thinks: "He answers his own
questions!"

Mr. Parker continues: "We are going to hire new staff, because of the
enormous amount of work we have at the moment. I'd like you to take this
opportunity to learn about the recruitment process here, at British
Corporation. First of all, candidates need to send us a CV in order to apply
for a position together with a covering letter. By the way, you know how to
write those documents in English, don't you?"

"Well, you see Mr. Parker, we kind of wrote a CV in English before we came
here to London. But, to be honest, it's not very good", replies Susana.

Mr. Parker sets the girls their first task of the day: "Well, then. That's your first
task today: you have to write a good CV in English. You might need it in the
future if you want to apply for a job here in the UK. Don't forget that you can
ask me any questions you might have. I'll be back by noon to see how you are
doing. Excellent idea!"

"And now he congratulates himself on his own ideas. This man is

unbelievable!", thinks Lourdes while trying not to laugh.

Lourdes and Susana immediately set themselves to the task of finding

information about writing a good CV.

Lourdes seems to be very enthusiastic about their new project: "You know,

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Susana, this may be a good opportunity for us. We are going to learn a lot
about the recruitment process in a big company and we are going to learn how
to write the documents we need in order to apply for a job in an English-
speaking country. Imagine, one day we might even get a job in London.
Wouldn't that be fantastic?"

Susana, on the other hand, is not as excited as her friend: "If you say so...".

Think about it
Write in the forum:

Have you ever applied for a job?

Have you written your curriculum vitae?
What things do you think a good CV should include?
Do you think the layout is important?

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2.- What to say.

Citas Para Pensar

"The only place where success comes before work is in the

dictionary."

Donald Kendall

Caso práctico
The girls start to surf the Internet and soon realize that
there are many websites in which different people give
advice on how to write a good CV.

Susana is not very happy with the task they've been

given. "I'm really tired of reading stuff about recruitment,
CVs, cover letters... Can't we have a break...please?"

"Yes, in a minute. Look, I think I found something useful. Freepik. CV (CC BY-NC-SA)

It's a list of dos and don'ts. Let's read it. I think it will help
us to write a good CV." Lourdes shows her friend the following list:

The Dos and Don'ts of CV writing.

Dos:
Proofread it: no grammar or spelling mistakes.
Ensure the CV looks professional.
Use relevant keywords.
Include all the relevant points.
Use positive language.
Don'ts:
Use jargon or slang.
Start each sentence in the first person.
Make it too long.
Get creative.
Include a photo.

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"What do you think? Pretty useful, isn't it?"

Susana is already walking through the door. "Yes, sure! Hurry up, I want one
of these delicious muffins out of the vending machine."

Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:

Which of the above-mentioned dos and don'ts do you find most useful?
Do you have any other recommendations?

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2.1.- Writing a CV.

Freepik. interview (CC BY-NC-SA)

Let's learn how to write a good Curriculum Vitae.

A CV (or résumé in the USA) is a one or two page summary of your personal details,
education, skills, achievements, work experience and interests. The purpose of your CV is to
get an interview where you can sell yourself. A successful CV should be simple, concise and
easy to read. It should be written with the prospective job in mind:

A CV should include:
A well-structured CV should include the following sections:

Contact Information:

Full name
Phone number
Email address
LinkedIn profile (optional)
Personal website or portfolio (if applicable)
Address (optional)

Professional Summary:

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A brief statement that highlights your key skills, experiences, and career goals.
Tailor it to the job you are applying for.

Work Experience:

Job title
Company name
Location (City, Country)
Dates of employment (Month, Year)
Responsibilities and achievements (use bullet points)

Education:

Degree obtained
Name of the institution
Location (City, Country)
Graduation date (Month, Year)
Relevant coursework or honors (optional)

Skills:

Technical skills
Soft skills
Languages (if applicable)
Certifications (if applicable)

Projects:

Title of the project

Description of the project
Your role and contributions
Technologies used (if applicable)
Dates of the project (optional)

Publications (if applicable):

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Title of the publication

Co-authors (if any)
Name of the journal or conference
Date of publication

Professional Affiliations (if applicable):

Name of the organization

Your role or membership status
Dates of involvement

References:

Name
Job title
Company
Contact information
Relationship to you

Remember: A CV is generally one side of A4, maximum two A4 pages.

Tips for a Digital CV

1. Keep it concise: Ideally, your CV should be no longer than two pages.
2. Use bullet points: This makes it easier to read and highlights key points.
3. Be consistent: Use the same font style, size, and formatting throughout.
4. Use action verbs: Start each bullet point with an action verb (e.g., developed, led,
implemented).
5. Tailor your CV: Customize your CV for each job application to highlight the most
relevant experience and skills.
6. Proofread: Check for spelling and grammar errors.

Example of CV

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Below is an example of a digital CV that you can create using a word processor
or a dedicated CV builder tool.

The format and design can be customized based on your preferences and
industry standards.

Mostrar retroalimentación

John Doe
Contact Information:

Phone: (555) 123-4567

Email: [email protected]
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/johndoe
Portfolio: www.johndoeportfolio.com
Address: 123 Main St, City, Country (optional)

Professional Summary: Highly skilled and results-driven software

engineer with over 5 years of experience in developing robust code for
high-volume businesses. Proven expertise in Java, Python, and web
development, coupled with excellent problem-solving and
communication skills.

Work Experience:
Software Engineer XYZ Corporation, City, CountryJanuary 2018 -
Present

Developed and maintained web applications using JavaScript,

HTML, and CSS.
Led a team of 5 developers in creating a scalable e-commerce
platform.
Improved application performance by 30% through code
optimization and refactoring.
Collaborated with cross-functional teams to define project
requirements and timelines.

Junior Developer ABC Tech, City, CountryJune 2015 - December 2017

Assisted in developing backend services using Python and Django.

Wrote unit and integration tests to ensure code quality.
Participated in code reviews and provided constructive feedback to
peers.
Implemented RESTful APIs for internal and external use.

Education:

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Bachelor of Science in Computer Science University of Technology,

City, CountryGraduated: May 2015

Relevant coursework: Data Structures, Algorithms, Database

Systems
Honors: Summa Cum Laude

Skills:

Programming Languages: Java, Python, JavaScript

Web Development: HTML, CSS, React
Tools: Git, Docker, Jenkins
Languages: English (native), Spanish (fluent)

Projects:
E-commerce Platform Development

Led the development of a scalable e-commerce platform using

React and Node.js.
Integrated third-party payment gateways and shipping services.
Utilized Docker for containerization and deployment.

Machine Learning Model for Predictive Analytics

Developed a machine learning model to predict customer churn

using Python and scikit-learn.
Analyzed large datasets and implemented data preprocessing
techniques.
Achieved an accuracy rate of 85% in predicting customer churn.

Certifications:

Certified Java Developer, Oracle

AWS Certified Solutions Architect

References: Available upon request.

You can download a sample CV here. It might help you to write your own. Another
template:

Sample CV. (121 KB)

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You should know

For more information on writing CVs log on to the English Club site.

Writing CVs.

Visit also the BBC website for its page on getting a job.

Getting a job.

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2.2 Now put it into practice.

Are you ready to test what you have learned about CVs? Let's see.

Autoevaluación
Try to match the headings with the ideas related.

Matching the basic elements of the CV.

Curriculum Vitae Match Ideas related to headings

Personal details 1. Advanced programming capability.

2. Portuguese: Intermediate / Arabic: False

Education
Beginner.

Languages 3. Travelled round the world 1995 - 1996.

4. One year working experience as

Other information
administrative assistant.

Professional
5. Peter Jones, 25 years old, British.
experience

Hobbies and 6. A-levels: Geography (A), Maths (B),

interests English (B).

Enviar

Autoevaluación
Watch this video and do the listening activity. Are the sentences true or
false?

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Help writing a CV, tips & advice for job seeker…

Text summary

Your CV should be no longer than two pages.

True.
False.

That's great!

Sorry! Try again.

Solución

1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto

Your CV should start with a long personal profile.

True.
False.

Listen carefully, your personal profile should be quite short.

Excellent!

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Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta

When giving details of your employment history start with the first job you
had and finish with your present job.
True.
False.

Not really. You should start with your present or most recent job and work
backwards.

Fantastic!

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta

In the education section you should include every course you've done.
True.
False.

Sorry! You should only include other courses if they are relevant.

Well done!

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Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta

You should state that references are available if needed.

True.
False.

That's awesome!

Sorry! Try again.

Solución

1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto

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3.- How to say it: Verb + ING or infinitive.

Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. What is the difference between them?

The students don't mind going to class early.

The students want to go to class early today.

Mostrar retroalimentación

Some verbs are followed by an -ING form and others are followed by TO
+ infinitive. In some cases, a verb can be followed either by -ING or TO +
infinitive.

In English, certain verbs are followed by either a gerund (verb + -ing) or an infinitive (to + base
form of the verb), and sometimes the meaning changes depending on which form is used.

VERB + -ING.
Some verbs are followed by -ING.
I avoided talking to him.
These include: admit, deny, dislike, feel like, give up, mind, avoid, discuss, enjoy,
finish, mention, practise, suggest, take up, miss, understand, recommend.
Helpful tips
After a preposition, we usually use -ING.
I'm afraid of flying.
We can also use the -ING form as the subject of a sentence:
Gardening is great fun!

VERB + TO + INFINITIVE.

Some verbs are followed by TO + infinitive.

James agreed to help me.
These include: advise, choose, help, afford, decide, hope, agree, expect, invite,
learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, teach, tell, want, would
like.

VERB + INFINITIVE (WITHOUT TO).

Some verbs are usually followed by an object + bare infinitive (without to).
I let him take my book home for one night.

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These include: let, make, help.

Help is followed by to + infitive or without to.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER -ING OR TO + INFINITIVE.

Some verbs can be followed by either -ING or the full infinitive.

I started liking / to like Sarah after she helped me with my problem.
With some verbs, the meaning is the same or nearly the same.
These include: begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start.
With some verbs, the meaning changes.
These verbs include:
Remember:
Have a memory in your mind: Do you remember seeing that film?
Do something you are/were planning to: You must remember to
lock the door.
Forget:
Not be able to remember a past event: I'll never forget meeting the
President.
Not do something you are/were planning to do: Don't forget to invite
Mary to the party!
Stop:
Stop an action: I stopped working for them because I started my own
business.
Interrupt an action to do something else: It's difficult to concentrate if
you have to stop to answer the phone every five minutes.
Try:
Do something to try and solve a problem: If you have problems
sleeping, you should try doing yoga.
Make an effort to do something: I tried to say I'm sorry, but she
wouldn't listen.

Ejercicio Resuelto

Click if you want to read the Spanish translation.

Mostrar retroalimentación

Algunos verbos van seguidos de la forma -ING

Detrás de una preposición también utilizamos -ING.

También utilizamos la forma -ING como el sujeto de una oración.

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Otros verbos van seguidos de TO + infinitivo.

Otros verbos van seguidos del infinitivo sin TO.
Hay verbos que pueden ir seguidos tanto de la forma -ING como de TO
+ infinitivo.

En algunos casos el significado del verbo no cambia o lo hace muy

poco.
En otros casos, el significado del verbo cambia según utilicemos una
u otra forma.

Ejercicios
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (gerund or infinitive):

I enjoy books.
She agreed with the project.
They plan on vacation next month.
He avoided to her.
Remember your ID to the office.
We discussed to a new city.
She promised to call me back.
He learned the guitar.
I miss time with my family.
Try your homework before dinner.

Enviar

Explanation of Answers for Gerunds and

Infinitives
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (gerund
or infinitive):

1. I enjoy reading books.

Explanation: "Enjoy" is always followed by a gerund. The
correct form is "reading."
2. She agreed to help with the project.

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Explanation: "Agree" is followed by an infinitive. The correct

form is "to help."
3. They plan to go on vacation next month.
Explanation: "Plan" is followed by an infinitive. The correct
form is "to go."
4. He avoided talking to her.
Explanation: "Avoid" is always followed by a gerund. The
correct form is "talking."
5. Remember to bring your ID to the office.
Explanation: "Remember" followed by an infinitive is used to
talk about something you need to do in the future. The correct
form is "to bring."
6. We discussed moving to a new city.
Explanation: "Discuss" is always followed by a gerund. The
correct form is "moving."
7. She promised to call me back.
Explanation: "Promise" is followed by an infinitive. The correct
form is "to call."
8. He learned to play the guitar.
Explanation: "Learn" is followed by an infinitive. The correct
form is "to play."
9. I miss spending time with my family.
Explanation: "Miss" is always followed by a gerund. The
correct form is "spending."
10. Try to finish your homework before dinner.
Explanation: "Try" followed by an infinitive means to make an
effort to do something. The correct form is "to finish."

Detailed Explanation
1. Gerunds After Certain Verbs:
Verbs like "enjoy," "avoid," "consider," "delay," "discuss,"
"finish," "imagine," "miss," "postpone," and "recommend" are
typically followed by gerunds. These verbs often relate to
activities or actions where the -ing form emphasizes the
process or experience of the action.
2. Infinitives After Certain Verbs:
Verbs such as "agree," "decide," "hope," "learn," "plan,"
"promise," "refuse," "seem," "want," and "wish" are typically
followed by infinitives. These verbs often relate to intentions,
decisions, or future actions where the infinitive form
emphasizes the potential or future nature of the action.
3. Remember + Gerund vs. Remember + Infinitive:
"Remember" + gerund (e.g., "I remember meeting her") refers
to a memory of a past event.
"Remember" + infinitive (e.g., "Remember to call") refers to

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remembering to do something in the future.

4. Stop + Gerund vs. Stop + Infinitive:
"Stop" + gerund (e.g., "He stopped smoking") means to quit an
activity.
"Stop" + infinitive (e.g., "He stopped to smoke") means to
pause another activity to do something else.
5. Try + Gerund vs. Try + Infinitive:
"Try" + gerund (e.g., "Try calling him") suggests experimenting
with or testing an action.
"Try" + infinitive (e.g., "Try to call him") suggests making an
effort to do something challenging.

By understanding these rules and patterns, you can more accurately

determine when to use gerunds or infinitives in different contexts.

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3.1.- Now put it into practice.

Let's test some of the things that we have learned in this lesson. Are you ready?

Autoevaluación
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.

She denied ___________ the mobile phone, but no one believed her.
take

to take

taking

Not really.

Are you sure?

Excellent!

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

She hopes ___________ for an international accounting firm in the future.

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work

To work

working

That's not correct.

Fantastic!

Not really.

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto

My parents have decided ___________ a party to celebrate their

anniversary.

have

to have

having

Try again.

Brilliant!

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Not exactly.

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto

Do you remember ___________ to school when you were about six?

go

to go

going

That's not correct.

Try again.

Awesome!

Solución

1. Incorrecto

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2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

You can make the dog ___________ to you by shouting 'sit'.

sit

to sit

sitting

Incredible!

Not exactly.

Are you sure?

Solución

1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
3. Incorrecto

There's no answer at home. Let's try ___________ the office.

call

to call

calling

Not really.

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Try again.

Great!

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

Autoevaluación
Complete the sentences with -ING or TO + infinitive.

1. My uncle finally gave up (smoke) at the age of fifty.

2. I really enjoyed (listen) to those CDs you sent me.
3. How did you learn (speak) Chinese?
4. I enjoy (write) postcards.
5. The song made me (smile).
6. Do you mind (open) the door?
7. This is intolerable! I refuse (wait) a moment longer!
8. We managed (arrive) in time.
9. She'd like (fly) an aeroplane.
10. You should avoid (make) silly mistakes.

Enviar

1. My uncle finally gave up smoking at the age of fifty.

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2. I really enjoyed listening to those CDs you sent me.

3. How did you learn to speak Chinese?
4. I enjoy writing postcards.
5. The song made me smile.
6. Do you mind opening the door?
7. This is intolerable! I refuse to wait a moment longer!
8. We managed to arrive in time.
9. She'd like to fly an aeroplane.
10. You should avoid making silly mistakes.

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3.2.- Difficult vowel sounds (for speakers of

English as a foreign language).
English has sounds that are not found in other languages. Also, the sounds of English are not
always pronounced as they are spelled or shown in writing. Speakers of English as a foreign
language find it difficult to pronounce and recognize some sounds because in connected
speech sounds change and blend with each other, consonants and syllables get lost or
become almost inaudible, and the pronunciation of a word changes depending on whether it
is stressed or not.

You should know

Let's take a closer look at some difficult vowel sounds of English. If you want to
hear the words we are going to talk about, check them out in this pronunciation
dictionary.

Pronunciation dictionary.

/ɜː/ (girl): When pronouncing this sound, your lips, tongue and jaw should be in a
relaxed position. These are some examples of words where you can find this sound:
shirt, were, burn, heard, bird.
Now try to pronounce the following sentences: The girl heard the bird. The nurse
works on Thursdays.
Common spellings: IR (bird), ER (her), UR (hurt), OR (work), EAR (heard).

/əʊ/ (phone): To pronounce this sound, your mouth has to be relaxed and then you
have to move your lips to a round shape. You have to move your tongue up. These are
some examples of words where you can find this sound: boat, coat, rose, throw, no,
ago, sold, though, own, coast, both, most, owe.

Now try to pronounce the following sentences: I sold the boat not so long ago.
Most roses grow well along the coast.
Common spellings: O (most), O-E (rose), OE (toe), OA (coat), OW (own).

/eə/ (chair): To pronounce this sound, you need to open your mouth at first and then
relax your lips. You need to put the back of your tongue down a little and then relax it.
Examples where you can find this sound: share, wear, stairs, where, bear, care, fair.

Now try to pronounce the following sentences: She always wears fairly expensive

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hair accessories.
Common spellings: ARE (square), AIR (stairs), EAR (bear), ERE (where).

Schwa /ə/ (computer): This vowel is used in unstressed syllables. You need to relax
your tongue and lips if you want to pronounce this sound correctly. These are some
examples of words where you can find this sound:

Weak A: away, above, animal.

Weak E: waiter, paper, burden.
Weak O: actor, police, condition.
Weak U: until, support, future.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: The actor had a cappuccino
with sugar and an apple.
In words like paper, actor, waiter, the final R is not pronounced in many
accents.

A step ahead
Tongue twisters are a fun way to practise your pronunciation. If you want to
listen to some tongue twisters, visit the following websites.

Tongue twisters 1.

Tongue twisters 2.

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4.- Words you need: Work vocabulary.

freepik. CV (CC BY-NC-SA)

What do you do?

This is the question we ask when we want to find out about someone's job.

There are different ways in which you can answer this question:

Work vocabulary.

English Spanish

I work for a large European company. Trabajo para una gran empresa europea.

I work on design projects. Trabajo en proyectos de diseño.

I run the design department. Dirijo el departamento de diseño.

Dirijo a un equipo de diseñadores /

I manage a team of designers.
diseñadoras.

5 people work under me. 5 personas están a mi cargo.

I deal with a lot of different people. Trato con muchas personas.

I'm responsible for co-ordination of the Soy responsable de la coordinación de las

team's activities. actividades del equipo.

I am unemployed. Estoy desempleado / desempleada.

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English Spanish

I am looking for a job. Estoy buscando trabajo.

I applied for a job. Solicité un trabajo.

I had an interview. Tengo una entrevista.

I got the job. Conseguí el trabajo.

Full-time job. Trabajo a tiempo completo.

Part-time job. Trabajo a tiempo parcial.

I work full-time / part-time. Trabajo a tiempo completo / parcial.

Permanent job. Trabajo fijo.

Temporary job. Trabajo temporal.

Do overtime. Hacer horas extra.

Get promoted. Conseguir un ascenso.

One of my responsibilities is to make sure that projects are finished on time. I'm also
in charge of budgets.
In charge of / responsible for + NOUN or VERB + ING
Responsibility + TO + INFINITIVE or VERB + ING
One of my responsibilities is to make sure...
One of my responsibilities is making sure...

There are many expressions with the word "work". Let's see some examples:

Johanna works or has work.

Johanna goes to work (by train, by car).
Johanna leaves for work (at 7 every morning).
Johanna gets to / arrives at work (at about 8).
Johanna is at work (until six).
Luckily, she doesn't get ill very much so she's not often off work.

Autoevaluación

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Complete the text with prepositions.

Alicia lives in London and works in advertising. She leaves home work at
7.30. She drives work. The traffic is often bad and she's worried about
getting work late, but she usually arrives work at around nine. She
finishes work quite late. "Luckily, I'm never ill", she says, "I could never take
time work."
Enviar

Easy, wasn't it?

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4.1.- More work vocabulary.

Let's hear from different workers. They are going to tell us

about their jobs:

Kevin: I'm an office worker in an insurance company. It's a

nine-to-five job with regular working hours. We all have to
clock in / clock on and clock out / clock off every day.

Thomas: I'm in computer programming. There is a system of

flexitime in my company, which means we can work when we want, within certain limits.
It's ideal for me as I have one young child.

Tania: I work in a factory. I work in shifts. I may be on the day shift one week and the
night shift the next week.

Martha: I work in an advertising agency. I commute to work every day, like thousands of
other commuters. I like going to the office and working with other people, but working
from home using a computer and the Internet is becoming more popular: it's called
teleworking or telecommuting.

My work involves...

+ NOUN: human contact, long hours, team work...

+ ING: solving problems, travelling, dealing with customers...

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Think about it
Write in the forum:

If you work...

What do you do? What are your responsibilities?

How do you get to work? What time do you leave home and arrive at
work?
Could you do your job working from home? Would you like to?

If you don't work...

What kind of job would you like to do?

What routine would you like to have?
Would you like to work from home?

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Appendix.- Licences of resources.

Licences of resources used in session 1. "Writing a CV".

Resource Resource
Resource information (1) Resource information (2)
(1) (2)

By: ashish joy. By: Gangplank HQ .

License: CC by. License: CC by.
From: http://www.flickr.com/ From: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/ photos/
myguitarzz/161457656/ gangplankhq/5590727330/

By: Emilie Ogez. By: Brian Moore.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by-sa.
From: http://www.flickr.com/ From: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/eogez/2840345066/ photos/doctabu/501201904/

By: Thomas Hawk. By: Morgen Bell.

License: CC by-nc. License: CC by-nc.
From: http://www.flickr.com/ From: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/ photos/
thomashawk/31564852/ mrvelocipede/184566117/

By: jennifer yin.

By: JD Lasica.
License: CC by-nc.
License: CC by-nc.
From: http://www.flickr.com/
From: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/
photos/jdlasica/85158464/
bittermelon/4867727428/

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Licencia: licencia propietaria

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