Chapter 2 Summary: Software Processes

Chapter 2 of the document focuses on the Software Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) and various software process models. It outlines the key activities in
SDLC, including:

1. Communication: Gathering requirements and initiating project

discussions.
2. Requirement Gathering: Collecting user, system, and functional
requirements through methods like interviews and documentation
reviews.
3. Feasibility Study: Evaluating technical, practical, and financial feasibility.
4. System Analysis: Deciding on the project roadmap and scope.
5. Software Design: Creating logical and physical designs through diagrams
and metadata.
6. Coding: Implementing the design into executable code.
7. Testing: Validating software at module and system levels.
8. Integration: Connecting the software to databases, libraries, and external
systems.
9. Implementation: Deploying the software in the user environment.
10. Operation and Maintenance: Ensuring efficient functioning and
incorporating necessary updates.

The chapter also discusses software process models:

 Waterfall Model: A linear, sequential model with distinct phases.

 Incremental Development: An iterative approach that evolves the system
through user feedback.
 Reuse-Oriented Software Engineering: Emphasizes using existing
components to build software.

Finally, it contrasts plan-driven development (structured, documentation-

heavy) with agile development (flexible, iterative), highlighting their suitability
for different project types.
50 MCQs on Chapter 2: Software Processes

1. Which is the first phase in SDLC?

a) Testing
b) Communication
c) Coding
d) Maintenance
Answer: b) Communication
2. What is the primary goal of the feasibility study?
a) Write program code
b) Validate user requirements
c) Assess technical and financial viability
d) Conduct user training
Answer: c) Assess technical and financial viability
3. The logical and physical designs are outputs of which SDLC phase?
a) Testing
b) System Analysis
c) Software Design
d) Integration
Answer: c) Software Design
4. Which model follows a linear sequential approach?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Agile Model
d) Spiral Model
Answer: a) Waterfall Model
5. Incremental development focuses on:
a) Completing all features at once
b) Iteratively adding features and getting feedback
c) Avoiding feedback from users
d) Skipping testing phases
Answer: b) Iteratively adding features and getting feedback
6. What is the primary characteristic of reuse-oriented software
engineering?
a) Custom-built components
b) Using predefined software components
c) Avoiding modular design
d) Neglecting user feedback
Answer: b) Using predefined software components
7. Which phase involves training users to operate the software?
a) Implementation
b) Maintenance
 c) Coding
d) Integration
Answer: a) Implementation
8. In the waterfall model, which phase comes after 'System Design'?
a) Coding
b) Implementation
c) Integration and System Testing
d) Requirements Analysis
Answer: a) Coding
9. Agile development is most suitable for:
a) Projects with fixed, well-understood requirements
b) Projects with evolving requirements
c) Systems requiring extensive documentation
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Projects with evolving requirements
10. What is the main drawback of the waterfall model?
a) Lack of documentation
b) High flexibility
c) Inflexible partitioning of phases
d) Lack of testing
Answer: c) Inflexible partitioning of phases
11. Which activity in SDLC ensures the software works as intended
and corrects any errors?
a) Testing
b) Maintenance
c) Implementation
d) Coding
Answer: a) Testing
12. Which SDLC phase focuses on connecting the software to
databases and libraries?
a) Coding
b) Integration
c) Requirement Gathering
d) System Analysis
Answer: b) Integration
13. In reuse-oriented software engineering, which component is
commonly reused?
a) Hardware drivers
b) Web services
c) System designs
 d) None of the above
Answer: b) Web services
14. The outputs of which phase are critical for coding?
a) Feasibility Study
b) Software Design
c) Testing
d) Integration
Answer: b) Software Design
15. Which process model emphasizes user feedback for iterative
development?
a) Incremental Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Reuse-Oriented Model
d) Agile Model
Answer: a) Incremental Model
16. Which activity evaluates a project’s technical, financial, and
practical viability?
a) System Analysis
b) Feasibility Study
c) Maintenance
d) Requirement Gathering
Answer: b) Feasibility Study
17. Plan-driven processes are:
a) Highly flexible
b) Suitable for evolving requirements
c) Rigidly structured
d) Always iterative
Answer: c) Rigidly structured
18. What is the primary focus of agile methodologies?
a) Extensive documentation
b) Delivering complete software at once
c) Incremental and iterative delivery
d) Avoiding user involvement
Answer: c) Incremental and iterative delivery
19. Which testing type involves checking the software in the actual
user environment?
a) Module Testing
b) System Testing
c) In-House Testing
d) User-End Testing
Answer: d) User-End Testing
20. Which SDLC phase addresses hidden bugs discovered during
real-world use?
a) Operation and Maintenance
b) Testing
c) Implementation
d) Integration
Answer: a) Operation and Maintenance
21. Which model is also referred to as a 'plan-driven process'?
a) Incremental Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Agile Model
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Waterfall Model
22. In which model is system testing performed after all units are
integrated?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Agile Model
d) Reuse-Oriented Model
Answer: a) Waterfall Model
23. What is a disadvantage of the reuse-oriented model?
a) Reduced costs
b) Requirements compromise
c) Faster delivery
d) Reduced risks
Answer: b) Requirements compromise
24. Incremental models are ideal for:
a) Building large systems all at once
b) Situations with fixed, static requirements
c) Projects requiring iterative feedback loops
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Projects requiring iterative feedback loops
25. Which process model heavily relies on component analysis?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Reuse-Oriented Model
d) Agile Model
Answer: c) Reuse-Oriented Model

26. A significant drawback of incremental development is:

a) It cannot handle changing requirements
b) Degrading system structure over time
 c) Lack of user feedback
d) Inability to deliver early increments
Answer: b) Degrading system structure over time
27. What is the primary characteristic of the agile model?
a) Detailed planning before coding
b) Iterative design and implementation
c) High cost of development
d) Fixed user requirements
Answer: b) Iterative design and implementation
28. When should the waterfall model be used?
a) For small, flexible projects
b) For projects with evolving requirements
c) For well-defined, stable requirements
d) For projects with high customer interaction
Answer: c) For well-defined, stable requirements
29. Which model allows delivering early versions with partial
functionality?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Agile Model
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
30. In the reuse-oriented process, which step adjusts the
requirements?
a) Component Analysis
b) Requirements Modification
c) Integration
d) System Design
Answer: b) Requirements Modification
31. What is the primary purpose of requirement gathering in SDLC?
a) To test the system components
b) To develop coding standards
c) To identify user and system needs
d) To estimate project costs
Answer: c) To identify user and system needs
32. Which activity in SDLC is essential for understanding system
constraints?
a) Testing
b) Requirement Gathering
c) System Analysis
 d) Feasibility Study
Answer: c) System Analysis
33. During coding, what is the main priority?
a) Creating error-free, executable programs
b) Designing data-flow diagrams
c) Documenting user requirements
d) Validating system architecture
Answer: a) Creating error-free, executable programs
34. Which type of testing involves verifying individual units or
components of the software?
a) Integration Testing
b) Unit Testing
c) System Testing
d) Acceptance Testing
Answer: b) Unit Testing
35. The term “iteration” is most associated with which development
model?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Incremental Development
c) Reuse-Oriented Model
d) Plan-Driven Processes
Answer: b) Incremental Development
36. Agile methodologies prioritize:
a) Delivering complete software in one phase
b) Responding to change over following a fixed plan
c) Comprehensive documentation over code
d) Delayed user feedback
Answer: b) Responding to change over following a fixed plan
37. Which SDLC phase involves creating data dictionaries and logical
diagrams?
a) Software Design
b) Requirement Gathering
c) Implementation
d) Maintenance
Answer: a) Software Design
38. In the waterfall model, changes to requirements are easiest to
accommodate during which phase?
a) Testing
b) Requirement Analysis
c) Coding
 d) Maintenance
Answer: b) Requirement Analysis
39. Which process model is most appropriate for developing small-
scale, rapidly changing systems?
a) Agile Development
b) Waterfall Model
c) Reuse-Oriented Development
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Agile Development
40. Which of the following is an advantage of the reuse-oriented
model?
a) Faster delivery of software
b) Completely custom-built software
c) Zero dependency on external components
d) Less flexibility in design
Answer: a) Faster delivery of software
41. Which SDLC phase determines the timeline and resource
allocation for the project?
a) System Analysis
b) Feasibility Study
c) Requirement Gathering
d) Project Scheduling
Answer: d) Project Scheduling
42. Testing conducted after the entire system is built is called:
a) Unit Testing
b) System Testing
c) Integration Testing
d) Regression Testing
Answer: b) System Testing
43. The concept of “early delivery of usable software” is a core idea
in:
a) Plan-driven approaches
b) Agile Development
c) Reuse-Oriented Models
d) Waterfall Models
Answer: b) Agile Development
44. Feasibility studies in SDLC help to:
a) Design the database architecture
b) Validate user interface usability
c) Assess the practicality of software solutions
 d) Gather requirements
Answer: c) Assess the practicality of software solutions
45. Which phase prepares the software for user operations?
a) Maintenance
b) Implementation
c) System Design
d) Requirement Gathering
Answer: b) Implementation
46. Documentation is a major deliverable of which SDLC phase?
a) Maintenance
b) Software Design
c) Feasibility Study
d) Testing
Answer: b) Software Design
47. Which process model promotes the reuse of software components
to save cost?
a) Incremental Model
b) Reuse-Oriented Model
c) Waterfall Model
d) Agile Development
Answer: b) Reuse-Oriented Model
48. What is the primary goal of integration in SDLC?
a) Writing code for all modules
b) Connecting various system components
c) Performing usability testing
d) Identifying user requirements
Answer: b) Connecting various system components
49. Which activity combines hardware and software requirements for
a cohesive solution?
a) Feasibility Study
b) System Analysis
c) Integration
d) System Design
Answer: d) System Design
50. The success of a plan-driven process relies on:
a) Iterative user feedback
b) Comprehensive initial planning
c) Avoiding documentation
d) Rapid prototyping
Answer: b) Comprehensive initial planning
Complete Answer Summary

1. b
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. a
9. b
10. c
11. a
12. b
13. b
14. b
15. a
16. b
17. c
18. c
19. d
20. a
21. b
22. a
23. b
24. c
25. c
26. b
27. b
28. c
29. d
30. b
31. c
32. c
33. a
34. b
35. b
36. b
37. a
38. b
39. a
40. a
41. d
42. b
43. b
44. c
45. b
46. b
47. b
48. b
49. d
50. b