Chapter 3: Energy Chemicalenergy

3. False.
Questions (Page 43) 2. True
4.8 J
1. False. 1calorie = energy
False. A stretched rubber band has potential
4.
5. True
3. potential energy
Questions (Page 46)
2. more
1. electrical; magnetic energy
5. destroyed
4. chemical energy.
Exercises (Page 48) 3. Chemical energy
2. Mechanical energy
A. 1. Energy 6. Cell
5. Electrical energy energy
4. Sound
2. d. Potential energy 3. d. Magnetic
B. 1. c. joule
4. C. Windmills 5. b. only potential energy
C. 1. True
2.
3.
4.
True
True
C)OXFORD
False. A steam engine runs on heat
energy,

D. 1. Photosynthesis
UNIVERS Light energy.tôhemical energy
2. Electric bulb V. Electrical energy to light and heat energy
iv. Electrical energy to heat energy
3. Geyser
i. Chemical energy toheat energy
4. Burning of wood
ii. Electrical energy to chemical energy
5. Charging of batteries
both the car
E. 1. Kinetic energy depends on the mass and speed of the moving body. Speed of
and the truck are same, but the truck has more mass than car. So the truck will have more
KE.
2. PE depends on the height. Whena ballrests on topthe
of afloor.
table, it is at a height from the
ground, hence it has more PE than the one lying on
3. In a hydroelectric power plant the mechanical energy of water is changed into electrical
energy.Water stored at aheight has potential energy. When water falls from ahigher level
to alower level, the potential energy changes into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of
running water is used to rotate a turbine. The mechanical energy of the moving turbine
isconverted into electrical energy by a generator.
E 1. The energy that an object has due to its state of motion is called kineic eneroy
For example, running kids a moving rocket, and a flying
kite have
energy depends on the two physical quantities-mass and speed. kinetic energy. Kinetic
 The energy that an object has due to its position is called potential energy. The potential
energy is also called 'stored energy'.A book on a shelf or a stretched rubber band has PE.
2. The term heat or heat energy is used to represent the quantity of energy in a body. Heat
energy is released when we burn something like wood, coal, and LPG.
Light energy is the only form of energy which is visible to the human eye. All luminous
objects gives off this energy. Light enables us to see objects around us.
Sources of light energies are Sun, light bulbs and tube lights.
3. Electrical energy is a form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge or due to
imbalance of charge in abody. It is the most convenient form of energy to use at home. It
iseasy to use and move from one location to another
The energy possessed by a magnet is called magnetic energy. Magnets can attract object
made of iron, cobalt,and nickel. They can alsoattract or repelother magnets.
G. 1. The energy that an object has due to its state of motion is called kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy depends on the two physical quantities-mass and speed. The more the
speed, the more is the kinetic energy of the object. Also, if the mass of the object is more,
kinetic energy will be more.
2.
When you rub aplastic comb on your hair, you make the comb charged by gaining or
transferring electrons from the hair. When you hold it over small bits of paper, the electrical
energy in the comb makes itattract the SmalTbits ofpaper,
3. When a ball rolls down a hill, its PE gets converted into KE
4. The chemical energy ofcoal is çonvertd
D
tq heatenergy.This is ysd to convert water into
steam. The heat energy of thesteàm ia cortvertedinto kineticenèrgy.
5. The law of conservation of energy states that energy çan be neither created nor
destroyed.
However, one form ofenergy can be changed or transformed into another
H. I. Energy is defined as the capacity or ability to dowork. It is also the
ability to cause change.
The energy that an object has due to its position is called potential
energy is also called 'stored energy'. energy. Thpotential
The energy that an object has due to its state of motion is
called kinetic energy.
For example, running kids a moving rocket, and a flying kite
energy depends on the two physical quantities-mass and speed. have kinetic energy. Kinetic
2. The energy that is released during a
chemical
energy is stored within the bonds of atoms reaction is called chemical energy. Chemical
and
Chemical energy is stored inside a substance untilmnolecules that make up a substance.
it is involved in a chemical
Fuels such as coal,petrol, dry wood, and reaction.
batteries contain
released easily and is used to run our carsand cook our chemical energy which can be
energy which is released during digestion. food. Food also contains chemical
3. In a
hydroelectric power plant the
energy. Water stored at a height hasmechanical
potential
energy of water is changed into electrical
When water falls from ahigher level to a energy.
kineticenergy. The kineticenergy of lower level, the
running water is usedpotential energy changes into
to rotate a turbine.
 converted into electrical energy by a
The mechanical energy of the moving turbine is
generator. The electrical energy is then used for various purposes.
4. a. Solar cells convert light energy into electrical energy
b. Loudspeakers convert electrical energy to sound energy
energy.
C. Electric bulbs convert electrical energy into heat and light
d. Electricfans convert electrical energy into kinetic energy.

Picture Study (Page 50)

1. Candle - chemical to heat and light energy
Bulb - Electrical to light and heat energy
Drum - Mechanical to sound energy
Fan - Electrical to mnechanical and sound energy
Oven - Electrical to heat and light energy
Mixie (Blender) Electrical to mechanical and sound energy
energy stored
Vegetables - Light to chemical energy (when we eat vegetables, chemical
in veggies is converted into heat and mechanicalenergy).
Solar panel - Light to electrical energy
maximum when it is on the
2. When the car i_ bn toP of the hill, PE is maximum. KEis
ground level.
3. As thewater flows down from the upper reservQir th PE, of the water gets converted
to KE. The fast flowing water turns the turbine.The nñechanical'energy of the turbine is
used to produce electrËcal energy. The water will then have KE as it flows to the lower
reservoir.

Think about (Page 50)

1. One undesirable transformation can be generation of heat due to friction in a machine.
Another can be production of sound energy when a nail is being hammered.
Try out(Page 50)
1. Think of examples in school - ringing of abel, running a race or swimming a lap.
There can be examples from other settings.
2. Use the internet or the library to research energy content.