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Velocity Flow Meters

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28 views

Velocity Flow Meters

Uploaded by

chiranjib_k
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Velocity Flow Meters: Pitot and Annubar Tubes

The accuracy and rangeability are relatively low, pitot tubes are simple, reliable,
inexpensive, and suited for a variety of environmental conditions, including
extremely high temperatures and a wide range of pressures.
The pitot tube is an inexpensive alternative to an orifice plate. Accuracy ranges from
0.5% to 5% FS, which is comparable to that of an orifice. Its flow rangeability of 3:1
is also similar to the capability of the orifice plate. The main difference is that, while
an orifice measures the full flowstream, the pitot tube detects the flow velocity at
only one point in the flowstream. An advantage of the pitot tube is that it can be
inserted into existing and pressurized pipelines (called hot-tapping) without requiring
a shutdown.
One solution to minimize these errors, caused by the variable velocity profile inside
the pipe, is to use an Annubar tube. In this case, the flow meter averages the
differential pressure (Dp) values for multiple measurement points inside the pipe,
accounting for variations in flow across the perpendicular section, which improves
the accuracy, and makes RN constraints less restrictive. The average velocity and the
volumetric flow measurement are given by
Multiport ‘Annnubar’ Pitot averaging system
Electromagnetic Flow Meter
In 1831, the English scientist Michael Faraday discovered the dynamo when he noted
that, if a copper disk is rotated between the poles of a permanent magnet, electric
current is generated. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction is the basis for the
operation of the magnetic flowmeter. When a liquid conductor moves in a pipe having
a diameter (D) and travels with an average velocity (V) through a magnetic field of B
intensity, it will induce a voltage (E) according to the relationship:
The conductor of length (L) is moved through
the magnetic field having a magnetic flux
density (B) at a velocity (V), then a voltage
will be induced where:
UE = B.L.V
UE = induced voltage (V);
B = magnetic flux density (Wb/m2);
L = length of conductor (m); and
V = velocity of conductor (m/s).

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