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Elie Jbeily 370 Extra work

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Elie Jbeily 370 Extra work

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jbeilyelio
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EECE 370- Electric Machines and Power

Fundamentals
Fall 2024-2025
Extra work
Prof F. Chaaban
Elie Jbeily
ID: 202404024
Contents
1 Problem 1
3-4
2 Problem 2 5-7
3 Problem 3 8
4 Problem 4 9
5 Problem 5 10-11
Problem 1 : Magnetic circuits
A three-legged core is shown in Figure below. The relative permeability is
2000 and the core depth is 5 cm. The current in the left leg is 3 A and in the
right leg 3 A. 1) Get the flux in each of the legs 2)as well as their flux
densities. Note: the fringing effect is 5%.

1) The mmf produced by the coil on the left leg is F1= N*I = 500* 3 =
1500 At. The mmf produced in the coil of the right side is F2+ = N* I =
300* 4 = 1200 At.
Now we need to calculate the value of the equivalent reluctance in the
circuit.
R = Lc / 0  A
- R1 = 0.25 / 4pi * 10^-7 * 0.075*0.05*2000 = 26 525 At/Wb
- R2 = 0.475/ 4pi * 10^-7 * 0.05*0.05*2000 = 75 600 At/Wb
- R3 = 0.25/ 4pi * 10^-7 * 0.1*0.05*2000 = 19 894
At/Wb
- R4 = 0.725/ 4pi * 10^-7 * 0.05*0.05*2000 = 115 387 At/Wb
- Rg = 0.0005 / 4pi * 10^-7 * 0.1*0.05*1.05 = 75 788 At/Wb
The equivalent magnetic circuit becomes:

Let Fc be the mmf on the center leg. Apply nodal analysis:


(Fc – F1)/ (R1+R2) + Fc/ R3+ Rg + (Fc – F2)/ R4 = 0
Fc (1/(102,125) + 1/(95,682) + 1/(115,387))= 1500/(102,125)+ 1200
/(115,387)
Fc=868.3At.
Now let’s calculate the flux and flux density in each leg:
- Flux center = Fc / R3 + Rg = 868.3/ 19 894+ 75 778 = 9
mWb
Flux density B = flux/ A = 0.009/ 0.05*0.1*1.05 = 1.71 T
- Flux left = Fc – F1/ R1+ R2 = 1500- 868.3/ 26 525 + 75 600=
6.2 mWb Flux density B = flux/ A = 0.0062/ 0.05*0.075
*1.05= 1.57 T
- Flux left = Fc – F2/ R4= 1200- 868.3/ 115 387 = 2.87 mWb
Flux density B = flux/ A = 0.00287/ 0.05*0.05 *1.05 = 1.1 T
Problem2 : Integrated Transformer Problem
A 100-kVA, 8000/277-V distribution transformer is connected to a load that demands
its full-rated capacity at a power factor of 0.85 lagging. The transformer has the
following parameters referred to its high-voltage side:
Rp=5 Ω Xp=6 Ω RC=50 kΩ XM=10
Referred to the low-voltage side:
RS=0.005 Ω XS=0.006

Another transformer, a 16.67-kVA, 7200/120-V two-winding transformer, is


connected in parallel to share the load, with its impedance parameters given as:
Rp=18.7 Ω Xp=77.8 Ω, RS=0.00519
XS=0.0216
Excitation branch parameters:
RC=311 kΩ XM=58
The load on the secondary of the combined transformer system operates at unity
power factor, with a secondary voltage of 277 V.

Questions:
1. Equivalent Circuit Analysis: a. Derive the equivalent circuit of the
transformers referred to their low-voltage sides.
Voltage Regulation and Efficiency:
a. Calculate the voltage regulation for Transformer under the given
conditions.
b. Compute the core losses, copper losses, and efficiency of Transformer 2.

Solution:
1-
 Voltage ratio: a1=Vp/Vs =8000/277 = 28.88 A Referred impedances:
Rp′=Rp/ alpha^2= 18.7/60^2 = 0.0052 Ω.
Xp′=Xp/aplpha^2 =77.8 /60^2 =0.0216Ω.
Req,2=Rp′+RS=0.0052+0.00519≈0.0104Ω
Xeq,2=Xp′+XS=0.0216+0.0216=0.0432Ω.

2-
1. Referred Equivalent Impedance (Z_eq,1):

Zeq,1= Req,1+jXeq,1 = 0.011+j0.013 ∣Zeq,1∣=0.017 Ω.Z


Full-Load Current:
Ifull-load,1 = P1/ Vs =93.2 K/ 277 V= 336.5 A..
3. Voltage Drop:

ΔV1=Ifull-load,1⋅∣Zeq,1∣=336.5⋅0.017≈5.72 V
Voltage Regulation:
VR1= ΔV1/ Vfull-load *100= 5.72/ 277* 100 = 2.07%

Transformer 2
1. Referred Equivalent Impedance (Z_eq,2):

Zeq,2=Req,2+jXeq,2= 0.0104+ j0.0432, ∣Zeq,2∣= 0.0444 Ω


2. Full-Load Current:
Ifull-load,2=P2/ Vs= 6.8 kW/ 120 V= 56.67 A
3. Voltage Drop:

ΔV2=Ifull-load,2*∣Zeq,2∣= 56.67* 0.0444 =2.52 V


Voltage Regulation:
VR2=ΔV2/ Vfull-load×100=2.52120×100 = 2.1%

Step 5: Efficiency
Transformer 1
1. Core Loss (P_core,1):
Pcore,1=Vrated^2/ RC=277^2/ 50000=76729/ 50000 = 1.53 kW.P
2. Copper Loss :

Pcopper,1=Ifull-load,1^2 * ⋅Req,1=(336.5)^2 * 0.011 = 1.25 kW.


3. Efficiency:
η1 =93.2/(93.2+1.53+1.25)* 100 =Output Power+Pcore,1+Pcopper,1Output Power
×100=93.2+1.53+1.2593.2×100 = 97.11%.

Transformer 2
1. Core Loss (P_core,2):
Pcore,2=Vrated^2 / RC=120^2/ 20000=0.72kW.
2. Copper Loss (P_copper,2):

Pcopper,2=Ifull-load,22⋅Req,2=(56.67)^2* 0.0104 = 0.0334kW.


3. Efficiency:
η2=6.8/(6.86.+0.72+0.0334)*100= 90.05%.

Final Results:
1. Voltage Regulation:
o Transformer 1: VR1=2.07%,

o Transformer 2: 2.1%.

2. Efficiency:
o Transformer 1: 97.11%,

o Transformer 2: 90.05%.
Problem 3: (Rotating) AC/DC Machinery Fundamentals:

A 3 phase Y connected synchronous generator has 12 slots on the stator. There are
300 turns of wire on each slot of the windings. The speed of rotation of the magnetic
field is 3200.
A- What is the frequency of the voltage produced.
B- What rotor flux would be required to produce a phase voltage of 7800 V.
C- The generator is connected to a resistive load of R = 5 Ω per phase. Calculate
the electrical power delivered to the load, knowing that core loss of 1.5 MW
and Copper losses = 2 MW. Calculate overall efficiency.
D- Calculate the torque induced.

A---- The number of slots per phase are 12/ 3 = 4 therefore 2 poles.
n = 120 f / p ; f = 3200*2/ 120 = 53 Hz.
B----- We know that e = fi * N * f * 4.44 , fi = e/* N * f * 4.44 = 0.11 Wb.
C----- Vphase = 7800 V; I phase = Vphase/R 7800/5 = 1560 A/
P elec = 3 Vph I ph cos(teta) ; P = 3 *7800 *1560 = 36.5 MW.
Pconv=Pelec+Pcore+Pcopper=36.5+1.5+2.0=40.0MW.
P mech = 36.5 – 3.5 = 40 MW.
Eff = 36.5 /40 = 91.25%.
D------ T ind = Pmech / w; w = 2pi f = 335 , T = 40 Mw / 335 =112kN.
Problem 4: Synchronous Generators

A Y- connected, 20- KVA, 230- V operates at 0.8 lagging power factor, the core loss is 860W,
and the mechanical loss is 500W. If the corresponding efficiency is 90%, calculate the per-
phase armature winding resistance.

1- First, we need to calculate P out. We Know that eff = Pout/ Pin


Pout = Pin - P mech - P core
Pout /(Pout + 1360) = 0.9
0.9 Pout + 1360 = Pout
0.1Pout = 1360  Pout = 13600 W

2- Calculate the current:

I = S/3 Vph and Vph = 230/root(3) = 132.8


I = S/ 3* ph = 20000/ 3*132.8 = 50.2 A
And being operated at 0.8 pf . cos-1(0.8) = 36.85
Iph = 50.21<-36.85.
P armature = Pout − P core−P mech.
P armature = 13 600 – 860 − 500= 12 240W.
P armature, per phase= P armature/3 = 12 240 /3 =4080W.
12,240=4,080W.

Ra=P armature/ Iph^ 2.


Ra= 4080/ 50.12^2 = 1.62Ω.
The per-phase armature winding resistance is: 1.62Ω
Problem 5 : Three- Phase Induction Motors
A wound-rotor induction motor rated at 20- KW 208-V is Y-connected and has
frequency 60-Hz. The core losses are 500 W and the mech losses are 750W.
Assume slip is 0.03. eff = 0.9.
a- Calculate The power converted from electrical to mechanical
form P conv.
b- The induced torque .
c- The torque load.
d- Calculate the power factor of the motor.
e- Get the line current
Components:
 Stator resistance: Rs=0.15 Ω
 Rotor resistance (referred to stator), Rr′=0.12 Ω
 Stator reactance : Xs=0.6 Ω
 Rotor reactance (referred to stator): Xr′=0.4 Ω
 Magnetizing reactance: Xm=25 Ω
 4 poles

Solution:
A- The rotor input power is given by: P rotor=P conv+P rotor losses
P conv=(1−s)⋅ P rotor
Pin= P rated/ η = 20000/0.9
P conv=(1−s)⋅P rotor=(1−0.03)⋅21722.2=21070.5W

B- Ns = 120f/ p = 1800rpm
T ind = 2170/188.5 = 11.8Nm

C- Nm=(1−s)⋅Ns=(1−0.03)⋅1800=1746rpm
T load = 20000/ 182.9 = 109.4 Nm

D- S = Pin /pf = 22222.2/0.85 = 26130 VA


Pf = 22222.2/ 26130 = 0.85

E- We need get Z eq :
Z eq = (3.88+0.12) + 0.4j // 25 j + 0.6 j + 0.15= 3.93 + 2.2j
V = 120 I = V/ z = 4.5< 0.5 A

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