Lectures Properties of the dual map ,

double dual
-

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dualbasisofw

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Lenny change of basis
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et û

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fin Ftt .

prof [
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Kai e) -

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n .

Properties of the dual

map
-

f±¥üî÷¥÷¥¥
be the dual map .
Then :
 °

ËÏËË
)
*
ti ) Nlx fin a)
=

surjective )
*
( so x
injective x

:¥¥û:
this can
-
&
injective in
)
VER 1 informer Promit

→
lot of croulé application : étui ften
E endentant ¥ than
simples L .

( duahtg approche )
*

prof ti ) ht eew .
Then :

Ee N (H ) (e) =
0
 À (e) = eox = 0

H x EV ecxlxl) = 0
,
°

e c-
En ) x .

t ktus first show that tImÜeGk

¥(g)
Induit ,
le t e c- In (
E # c- w*
q
=

tu c- NKI ,
Île) ( )
du) = u

=
qox (a) q ( Iut )
= =
0

"

[email protected] ,
w - Lan
compare
dimensions :

dim In ( ¥) -

- K :*) =
rlx )

"%:*
) rÜ:)
-

_
)­
 ( r (A) = r ( AT ) F-

E
*
dim In = r (x ) =
r ()
x

=
dimv dim NK
)
Ï
-

=
dim ( nm)
È
dim In É
In

_
e

dim Ink)
( nm)

)
op
Im È = ( NKM n .

Double dual V vutn F

space over

*
LU F) dual
of V
-

V =

We
dfine the biduale :

** *
V =L
F) =
(F)
non
.
vuy important spare
: in
general there
,
*
is me obvions relation between V and V
.

However there is a 1-
canonialesnez)
←
, **

of Vinton .

ht
Indue
, pion vev ,
:

*
à :
V →
F

E -
eelv) =
à (e)

**

daim â ✓
*
•
EEV Elo) et
*
.
Si tu C- F Ei en E V
, , ,
,

Ô
(44+44) =p # EH d- Eu
)( )e

def
 =
-1
, )
e. ( v + à Edo )
=
× ,
â
(e) + drôle )
, linuuitg .

Ii:÷÷I
-

Theme If
finitédimeusionalsubsp
Visa
au our F
,
Hen :

**
^

**
Ô
-
prof .
c- V we
just showéd this .

? limier roi
,
KEV
,
-4 de
,
c- F
,
e-
§
=
× O , + trou
, ( e
)
=
Et ,
o
, +
trou )
= 7, etr ) + de Etr )
= -4 â (e) + Hâte )

TÉ = d. û + à î

ayûlîve Indue le t eev Yo }

,
.

to
I entend e a
basisefv :

(e
,
e-
y . .
.

,
en
) basis
of V .

ht ( e
,
Er ,
.
.
.

,
en ) be the dual basis

( y E) ,
then :

être ) =
e (e) =
1
ê
fois
Nt ) iziitive
"
=
{ ) o
,
.
 ^
•

-
i. murphism -

#
*
dim V -

_
clim =
dim (F) =
clin
# *

)
^
: V →
V
injutive
dimv = clim v**

^
=) isomorphisme .
n

Cultumlumark boum through mathematics

the 1950 's
from
→
finit mal
analysés.

imjutive umaiustvvefna loge

^
•
:

clan
of infinite dimensionnel Spaces
 *
tg
✓

We can
abrys identifiez
**
Vos a

surtout
of V .

There there are

infinité dimensionnel
mary
spas for which Ë
gain
en
tsmoplusm :
réflexive Spaces .

mary aypliatm in
analyser .

( limandas / anafniffumtàs )
V-finitdimeui.nl
^
isomorphisme so I
**
can
identifiez V and v .
-

I.ü:¥ü
tomme te v be a
finit dimeusinalvatâ space
over F and U e V .
Then :

"
show tkt
prof .
ht us :
U eu .

Indue ,
et ne U :

te ) ( déf )
°
eu elu = o v
,
°
te eu
,
elu ) =
â
(e) =
0

â
"

e u

Û
"

c u

.
I compute dimensions :

dim U
"
=
dimv .
dimvo =
dim U
 ^
ni
morphine din Û =
clim V
,
"

dim U =
dim v

Û = u
"

**

" a- îdentfz V and v

DE Te V
,
we can
oléfine :

-
To =
{a c- V
I do) = 0
,
f0 ET
}

l::ü:÷::
tenma ht V le
finit dimension water
space
over F . 4f Ui Un EV .
Then :

,
 utile ¥
Foot ,

le (4+4) V-lu.ir) EU ,
Wu
,

Mu , )
+ un = 0

olu) = o V-ueu.ua Clements

oe ui sui bo)

We Lr pari lu ,+ UN = Uinui
° "

Tak
Linz of ti) and use : U =
U

DA

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