Compiled by Dr.

Jai Santhosh Manikandan

ORTHODONTICS
BOOK REFERRED : ORTHODONTICS THE ART AND SCIENCE {7TH EDITION}-
S.I.BHALAJHI

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTICS.

ESSAY
SHORT NOTE
1. Jacksons triad (AUG 2001, FEB 2005)
2. E.H. Angle ( FEB 2011)
3. Define Orthodontics and it branches. (AUG 2011)
4. Branches of Orthodontics. (AUG 2014)
5. Goals of orthodontics. (FEB 2017)

ESSAY- 0
SHORT NOTE - 5

CHAPTER 2 - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT – GENERAL PRINCIPLES

AND CONCEPTS.
ESSAY
1. Mention the theories of growth. Describe in detail about post natal growth of mandible.
(APR 2001)
2. Growth spurts.(subdivision).(AUG 2001)
3. Discuss in detail about the clinical implication of growth and development enumerating
the use of cephalometrics to study the same. (APR 2004)
4. What are the clinical implications of growth and development? (APR 2004)
5. What are the different theories of growth? Explain the functional matrix hypothesis in
detail. (AUG 2004)
6. Discuss in detail the clinical implications of growth and development and enumerate the
use of cephalometric to study the same. (AUG 2006)
7. Define Growth and explain Functional matrix theory in detail. (FEB 2013)
8. Enumerate the various Theories of Growth. Discuss in detail the post natal growth of
Mandible. (AUG 2013)
9. Define a “Growth Spurt”. Write the types of growth spurts and significance of each spurt.
List the different methods of assessing skeletal growth status and describe any one
method. (AUG 2015)
10. Define growth? Enumerate the different theories of growth and explain in detail on
function matrix theory. (FEB 2019)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

SHORT NOTE
1. Growth spurts. (APR 2003, FEB 2009, AUG 2010, FEB 2013, AUG 2013, AUG 2018)
2. Functional Matrix theory. (SEP 2002, FEB 2007, AUG 2011, FEB 2015)
3. Cephalocaudal growth gradient. (APR 2004,FEB 2005, FEB 2016)
4. Expanding ‘V' principle. (AUG 2005)
5. Endochondral bone formation. (FEB 2006)
6. Theories of growth. (FEB 2008)
7. Cartilaginous theory. (AUG 2008, FEB 2020)
8. Cephalic index. (AUG 2012)
9. Drift Vs displacement. (AUG 2012)
10. Sicher’s theory. (AUG 2012)
11. Factors affecting Growth. (AUG 2013)
12. Direct ossification. (FEB 2014)
13. Intramembranous and Endochondral ossification. (AUG 2016)
14. Endochondral ossification. (FEB 2017)
15. Clinical importance of Growth Spurts. (AUG 2017)
16. Methods of studying growth. (FEB 2020)

ESSAY - 10
SHORT NOTE – 16

CHAPTER - 3 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRANIAL AND FACIAL

STRUCTURES
ESSAY:
1. Mention the theories of growth. Describe in detail about post natal growth of mandible.
( APR 2001)(AUG 2013)
2. Define growth. Write in detail about prenatal and postnatal growth of mandible (FEB
2005)
3. Enumerate the various theories of growth and explain in detail functional matrix theory as
related to cranio-facial growth.(AUG 2007)
4. Write in detail the postnatal growth of the craniofacial complex and
mention the clinical importance of the various growth spurts. (AUG2009)
SHORT NOTES:
1. Adenoid facies (APR 2003)
2. Nasal septae cartilage (APR 2004)
3. Development of palate( AUG 2005) ( FEB 2006)
4. Meckels cartilage (FEB 2012)
5. Direct ossification (FEB 2014)
6. Drift Vs Displacement (AUG 2012)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

ESSAY: 4
SHORT NOTES: 6

CHAPTER – 4 DEVELOPMENT OF DENTITION AND OCCLUSION

ESSAY:
1. write briefly on leeway space(NOV 2001)
2. Define growth and development. Discuss post-natal growth of maxilla.(AUG 2006)
3. Tabulate the Chronology of eruption in Permanent Dentition, and add a note on the
clinical significance of the various eruption stages(AUG2014)
4. Write in detail about development of dentition. Tabulate the chronology of eruption of
permanent and deciduous dentition. (AUG 2019)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Transient malocclusion (APR 2001) (FEB 2007)
2. Ugly duckling stage (AUG 2001)(AUG 2010)(AUG 2012)(AUG 2014) (AUG 2019)
3. Incisor liability(FEB 2005)(FEB 2008)( FEB 2015)
4. Physiologic spaces( FEB 2006)
5. Primate space (AUG 2006)
6. Law of canine.( AUG 2007)
7. Gum pads.( FEB 2008)
8. Imaginary Occlusal curves.(AUG 2008)
9. Leeway’s space of Nance (AUG 2010)
10. Spacing in deciduous dentition (FEB 2014)
11. Primary Molar Relationship (AUG 2014)
12. Safety valve mechanism (FEB 2012)(FEB 2015)
ESSAY : 4
SHORT NOTES: 12
CHAPTER-5 FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ESSAY:
1. Discuss about wolfs law of transformation of bone.(Nov 2001)
SHORT NOTES:
1. Wolf’s law of bone transformation (Aug 2005)
2. Trajectories of forces(Nov 2001)(Aug 2018)
3. Buccinator mechanism(Aug 2001)(Aug 2004)(Aug 2006)
4. Wolfs law and trajectories(Aug 2006)(Feb 2012)
5. Normal and abnormal function of stomatognathic system(Aug 2012)
6. Stress trajectories (Feb 2014)
7. Infantile swallowing (Feb 2016)
ESSAY:1
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

SHORT NOTES:7

CHAPTER-6 OCCLUSION-BASIC CONCEPTS

SHORT NOTES:
1. Andrews Six keys to normal occlusion.(April 2004)(Aug 2006)
2. Curve of spee(Feb 2008)(Aug 2013)
3. Overjet,overbite(Aug 2013)
4. Ideal occlusion (Aug 2013)
5. Compensating curves(Feb 2015)
ESSAY:0
SHORT NOTES:5
CHAPTER-7 CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION
ESSAYS:
1. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of angle’s class 3 malocclusion points.
( FEB 2006)
2. Classify etiology of malocclusion. Discuss general factors in detail. (AUG 2006)
3. Classify various etiologic factors malocclusion. Enumerate the different classification of
occlusion and write the drawback of angle’s classification. ( FEB 2006)
4. Describe various classification of malocclusion. Write the advantages and disadvantages
of angle’s classification. (FEB 2007)
5. Define and classify by malocclusion. Describe in detail about the advantages,
disadvantages and modifications of angle’s classification. (FEB 2009)
6. Define orthodontics and malocclusion. Enumerate the various methods of classify
malocclusion. Write in detail angle’s classification of malocclusion – merits and demerits
and modifications. (FEB 2011, FEB 2012)
7. Write about the etiology. Clinical features, diagnosis and management of class 3 division
1 malocclusion in a growing child. ( FEB 2015).
8. Explain in detail about angle’s classification of malocclusion along with it’s merits and
demerits. (AUG 2017)
9. Define malocclusion and write about angle’s classification .How will you do differentiate
between true class 3 and pseudo class 3. (FEB 2018)
10. Explain different methods of gaining space in orthodontic treatment (AUG 2018).

SHORT NOTES:
1. Pseudo class 3 malocclusion. (AUG 2001), ( AUG 2006),( FEB 2020)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

2. Simon’s classification (APRL 2004), (FEB 2011),(FEB 2017)

3. Drawback of angle’s classification (AUG 2005)
4. Classification of class 3 division 1 malocclusion (FEB 2007)
5. Ackerman and profitt classification. (AUG 2009),(AUG 2011),(FEB 2011{2})
6. Skeletal malocclusion. (AUG 2009),( FEB 2010)
7. Merits and demerits of angle’s class. (FEB 2014{2})
8. Malocclusion. (AUG 2014)
9. Mandibular prognathism. (AUG 2018).
ESSAYS: 10
SHORT NOTES: 9

CHAPTER 8: ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION

ESSAY:
1. Classify etiology of malocclusion. Describe the role of mouth breathing in the
development of open bite malocclusion. ( Aug 2004)
2. Classify the etiological factors of malocclusions. Discuss the role of habits in causing
malocclusion. ( Feb 2005)
3. Classify various etiological factors of malocclusion. Enumerate the different
classifications of malocclusion and write the drawbacks of angle’s classification. ( Feb
2006)
4. Classify etiology of malocclusion. Write in detail about the environmental factors causing
malocclusion. ( Feb 2008)

SHORT ESSAY:
1. Supplementary teeth ( Nov 2001)
2. Abnormal eruptive path ( Aug 2005)
3. Early loss of deciduous teeth ( Feb 2006)
4. Prenatal etiology of malocclusion. ( Fe 2013)

ESSAY- 4
SHORT NOTES- 5
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER 9: HABITS

ESSAY :

1.Define abnormal pressure habits. Write in detail about the classification ,clinical findings
and treatment for mouth breathers. ( FEB-2005 )

2.Define habits and discuss in detail tongue thrusting habits,giving a note on

etiology,management and classification ( FEB-2016 )

SHORT NOTES :

1.Mouth Breathing ( APR-2001 ),(AUG-2005 )

2.Thumb sucking ( NOV-2001 ),( APR-2004 )

3.Tongue thrusting habit. ( AUG-2007 ),( AUG-2016 )

ESSAY : 2
SHORT NOTES : 3

CHAPTER 10 :EPIDERMIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION

ESSAY - NIL
SHORT NOTES – NIL
CHAPTER 11: ORTHODONTIC DIAGNOSIS
ESSAY:
1. Describe in detail about extra oral radiography and its importance in orthodontic
diagnosis and treatment planning. (feb 2008)
2. Classify and enumerate the various Diagnostic Aids in Orthodontics.
Explain in detail about Carey’s Analysis (aug 2013)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Study models (April 2001, sep 2002, aug 2006)
2. Hand wrist radiographs (nov 2001, April 2003, April 2004, feb 2007)
a. Hand wrist xray (April 2004, feb 2005)
3. Keeling setup (April 2004)
4. Cephalometric radiograph (aug 2004)
5. Occlusal radiographs (feb 2005)
6. Electromyography in orthodontics (feb 2006)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

7. Uses shody models (feb 2007)

8. Keslings diagnositic Set up (aug 2008)
9. Functional examination. (feb 2010 , feb 2014)
10. Gnathostatic models (aug 2010)
11. Speech sounds (feb 2013)
12. Extra oral examination (feb 2015)
13. Positioning of an orthodontic patient in dental chair for clinical examination of facial
features and its Importance (feb 2016)
ESSAY :2
SHORT ANSWERS : 13
CHAPTER :12 CEPHALOMETRICS
ESSAY:
1. What is cephalostat? Write 4 difference between lateral view skull radiogragh and a
cephalogram. Write about the need for cephalometric Analysis. write about any 4
cephalometric parameters and their clinical Interference. ( aug 2015 )
2. Define cephalometrics. Describe the cephalostat write in detail about the Steiner’s analysis
( feb 2014 )
3. ( b) steiner’s analysis ( aug 2001) ( as a sub division)
SHORT NOTES:
1. Anb angle (feb 2017 , aug 10 )
2. Tweeds diagnostic triangle ( feb 2020 , aug 13, feb 11 , april 2001)
3. Down’s cephalometric analysis ( aug 19)
4. Tweeds cephalometric analysis ( aug 18 , feb 2005 )
5. Poorman’s cephalometry ( feb 13 )
6. Cephalic index ( aug 12 )
7. Wits analysis ( feb 12)
8. Steiner’s cephalometric analysis ( aug 11 , aug 2009 , sep 2002 )
9. Cephalometrics ( feb 2009 )
10. Uses of cephalometrics ( feb 2006)
11. Registration point ( april 2004)
ESSAY :2
SHORT ANSWERS : 11
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER 13 - SKELETAL MATURITY INDICATORS

I. ESSAY
1.Describe in detail about extra oral radiography and its importance in orthodontic diagnosis
and treatment planning. [Feb 2008]

II.SHORT NOTES
1.skeletal age [Aug 2005]
2.carpal bones [Feb 2005]
3.Carpal radiographs[Aug 2006]
4.Biological Indicators of Maturity[Aug 2014]

ESSAY:1
SHORT ANSWERS:4

CHAPTER 14 - MODEL ANALYSIS

I. ESSAY
1.Mention about the essential diagnostic aids and write
about the role orthodontic study models to aid in
treatment planning[Aug 2012]
2.Classify essential diagnostic aids. Explain the importance, preparation and uses of study
models[Aug 2018]

II.SHORT ANSWERS
1.Radiographic method of mixed dentition analysis[Aug 2005]
2.Arch perimeter analysis[Feb 2006]
3.Model analysis[Feb 2008]
4.Total space analysis[Aug 2011]
5.Arch perimeter analysis[Aug 2015]
6.Mixed dentition analysis[Feb 2016]
7.Study models[Feb 2018]
8.Moyers mixed dentition analysis[Feb 2019]

ESSAY: 2
SHORT ANSWERS: 8
CH-15 BIOLOGY OF TOOTH MOVEMENT
Essay:
1. Mention various types of Tooth movements and write in detail about the pressure tension
theory of tooth movements ( April 2003 )
2. Discuss Tissue changes during orthodontic tooth movement. ( August 2010 )
3. Tissue response to orthodontic force application ( February 2014 )
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

4. What is an Ideal Orthodontic Force? Name the types of orthodontic forces. Name the
theories of tooth movement. Write the histological changes in periodontium
following application of different magnitudes of orthodontic forces ( February 2016 )

Short notes:
1. Imbrication ( April 2003 )
2. Piezo electric theory ( April 2004 )
3. Pressure tension hypothesis ( April 2004 )
4. Root resorption (August 2005 )
5. Histology of tooth movement ( August 2005 )
6. Phases of Tooth Movement. ( August 2008 ) ( February 2010 )
7. Optimum orthodontic force ( August 2009 ) ( August 2017 )
8. Tissue response to orthodontic force application ( February 2014 )
9. Accelerated orthodontics ( August 2019 )

ESSAY: 4
SHORT ANSWER: 9

CHAPTER 16- MECHANICS OF TOOTH MOVEMENT

ESSAY:
1. Define optimal orthodontic force. Discuss tissue changes subsequent to light and heavy
forces. (Feb 2007)
2. What is an Ideal Orthodontic Force? Name the types of orthodontic forces. Name the
theories of tooth movement. Write the histological changes in periodontium following
application of different magnitudes of orthodontic forces. (Feb 2016)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Undermining resorption (Aug 2001, Aug 2006, Feb 2008, Feb 2011, Aug 2011, Feb
2012, Feb 2018)
2. Optimum orthodontic force (Sep 2002, Feb 2006)
3. Envelop of discrepancy (Aug 2004, Feb 2006)
4. Undermining resorption and Hyalinisation (Feb 2006)
5. Types of tooth movement (Aug 2007, Aug 2014, Aug 2015, Feb 2020)
6. Resrption patterns following orthodontic force application (Feb 2015)
7. What is an Ideal Orthodontic Force? Write the effects of optimal and higher force levels
(Aug 2016)

ESSAY: 2
SHORT NOTES: 7
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER-17 ANCHORAGE IN ORTHODONTICS

ESSAY
1.Define anchorage. Classify and explain giving examples. (April 2001, Feb 2005, Aug 2011,
Aug 2012)
2.Define anchorage. Discuss in detail the various types of anchorage with examples and
illustrations. (Aug 2009)
3.Define orthodontic anchorage. List the anatomical structures that are used a source of
anchorage. Describe with suitable clinical examples, any one extra oral anchorage and any
two intra oral anchorage. (Aug 2016)
4.Define anchorage, classify and write in detail about extra oral anchorage. (Feb 2020)

SHORT NOTES:
1.Extra oral anchorage. (Aug 2001, Aug 2006, Feb 2009)
2.Inclined plane. (Aug 2001, Aug 2004, Feb 2005, Aug 2019)
3.Cortical anchorage. (April 2003, April 2004)
4.Reinforced anchorage. (Feb 2005, Feb 2007, Feb 2011, Aug 2015)
5.Reciprocal anchorage. (Aug 2005, Aug 2013, Feb 2016, Aug 2013, Aug 2017)
6.Muscular anchorage. (Aug 2008)
7.Bakers anchorage. (Feb 2018)
8.Micro implants. (Feb 2019)
ESSAY:4
SHORT NOTES:8

CHAPTER:18 AGE FACTOR IN ORTHODONTICS

ESSAY: nil
SHORT ANSWER:
1.Treatment and age (Feb 2010)
ESSAY:0
SHORT NOTE: 01
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER :19 PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS

ESSAY:
1.Classify orthodontics.What are the procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics and
explain in detail (Aug 2005) (Feb 2010)
2.What are the various preventive orthodontic procedure ? Explain in detail the various space
maintained.(Aug 2005)
3.Define preventive orthodontics.Explain the different procedures undertaken in preventive
orthodontics. (Feb 2019)
SHORT ANSWER:
1.Preventive orthodontics. ( Nov 2001)(Feb 2006)(Feb 2008)
2.Space maintainers.(Feb 2006)
3.Space regainers (Aug 2007)
4 Functional space maintainers .(Feb 2011)
5.Active space maintainers. (Feb 2017)
ESSAY:03
SHORT NOTE: 05
CHAPTER:20- INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS
ESSAY:
1) Define interceptive orthodontics and discuss about the various procedures involved in
detail. {AUG 2001}
2) Define interceptive orthodontics. Write in detail about the indications, contra indications,
advantages, disadvantages and methods of serial extraction. {APIRIL 2004}
3) Discuss in detail about various interceptive procedures in Orthodontics. {AUG2008}
4) Enumerate various interceptive orthodontic procedures. Explain in detail the indication,
contraindication and procedures of serial extraction. {AUG 2010}
5) An eight yearold boy was diagnosed to be having a Skeletal Class II discrepancy with
Angle’s Dentoalveolar Cl II division 1 subdivision Malocclusion. Describe the extra oral
clinical features, probable intra oral clinical features. Write the various skeletal
combinations and cephalometric findings contributing to such a skeletal discrepancy.
Write the treatment for each of such skeletal situation. {FEB 2016}
SHORT ANSWER:
1) Serial extraction {FEB 2009}{AUG2009}{AUG2011}
2) Space regainers {AUG 2011}
3) Dewel’s technique {FEB2015}
4) Indications of serial extraction {FEB2018}
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

5) Muscle Exercise {FEB2019}

ESSAY:05
SHORT NOTE: 05

CHAPTER:21- METHODS OF GRAINING SPACE

ESSAY:
1) what are the various methods of gaining space? Write in detail about extraction in
orthodontic. {SEP 2002}
2) Enumerate the various methods of gaining space and discuss extractions in orthodontics
{FEB 2006}
3) Discuss various methods of gaining space in treating malocclusion {AUG 2006}
4) Enumerate the methods of gaining space in Orthodontics, Write in detail about proximal
reduction. {AUG2014}

SHORT ANSWER:
1) Rapid maxillary expansion (R.M.E) {APRIL 2001} {AUG 2004} {FEB 2005} {AUG
2005} {FEB 2019}
2) Arch expansion {AUG 2001}
3) Proximal Stripping {AUG 2008}
4) Various methods of gaining space {AUG 2010} {AUG 2012} {AUG 2015} {AUG 2012}
5) Space gaining method {FEB 2013} {FEB2013}
6) Classify upper expansion appliances and write the difference between Slow and Rapid
Maxillary Expansion Appliances. Explain about any one expansion appliance. {AUG
2015}
7) Hyrax. {FEB2020}
ESSAY:04
SHORT NOTE: 07
CHAPTER-22 ARCH EXPANSION
SHORT NOTES:
1. Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) (Aprl 2001, Nov2001, Aug2004)
2. Arch expansion (Aug2001)
ESSAY-0
SHORTNOTES-2
CHAPTER :23 EXTRACTION
Essay:0
Short notes:0
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER 24: ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES GENERAL PRINCIPLE

Essay: 0
Short notes :0
CHAPTER 25: REMOVABLE APPLIANCES
ESSAY:
1.What are the indications and contraindications of removable and fixed orthodontics
appliances? Enlist compounds and function of each fixed appliance component with diagrams.
( feb 2006).
2. What are removable orthodontic appliances. ? Explain in detail the various parts of it and
add a note on Adams clasp .(feb 2013)
3. Discuss in detail about Adams clasp,design and construction and its various modification
in Orthodontics. (aug 2017)
SHORT NOTES:
1.Adams clasp (april 2001); (feb 2006); ( feb 2014); (aug 2015)
2. Labial bow . (sep 2002); (aug 2018)
3.Lingual appliance. (april 2004)
4. Springs. (feb 2005) ; (feb 2006)
5.Buccal canine retraction. (aug 2005)
6. Orthodontic springs. (aug 2006).
7. Canine retractors. (feb 2008); ( feb 2017)
8. Classification and designing of springs .(aug 2008)
9.Removable appliances. (feb 2009)
10. Guided springs (feb 2012)
11. Different types of springs and their uses.(aug 2012)
12. Classify orthodontic springs and write about guided springs .(aug 2016)
13. Finger spring.(aug 2017)
14. Components of removable appliances ( feb 2019)
ESSAYS: 3
SHORT ANSWERS: 14
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER-26 : FIXED APPLIANCES

ESSAY

1) What are the indications and contraindications of removable and fixed orthodontics
appliances? Enlist compounds and function of each fixed appliance component with
diagrams (FEB-2006)

SHORT NOTES

1) Pre adjusted edge wise appliance (APRIL-2004)

2) Fixed appliance (AUG-2004)
3) Springs (FEB-2005, FEB-2006, AUG-2006)
4) Components of fixed appliance (AUG-2007)
5) Classification and designing of Springs (AUG-2008)
6) Vital Staining (AUG-2008)
7) .Acid etching (FEB-2009)
8) Direct bonding (AUG-2009, AUG-2010)
9) Arch wires (AUG-2009, FEB-2010)
10) Advantages and disadvantages of fixed appliance (AUG-2010)
11) Space- age wires (FEB-2011, FEB-2012)
12) Definition, indication and contraindications of fixed appliance.(AUG-2012)
13) Nickel titanium wires/ Nitinol wires (AUG-2012, FEB-2015)
14) 18/8 Stainles ssteel (FEB-2013)
15) Bionator (FEB-2014, FEB-2019)
16) Austenitic Stainless Steel (AUG-2017, AUG-2019)

ESSAY: 1
SHORT NOTES: 16

CHAPTER-27 MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES

ESSAY:
1. What is functional appliance? Classify them and explain about activator in detail. (Nov-
2001, Aug-2005, Feb-2011)
2. Define a functional appliance. What are the indications, mode of action and design of a FR
II appliance. (Apr-2004)
3. What are the functional appliances? Give examples. Enumerate the mechanism of any one
of the functional appliances in detail. (Aug-2006)
4. Define and classify functional appliances. Write in detail about Frankel’s application.
(Feb-2007, Feb-2009)
5. Define and classify Myofunctional appliance. Discuss any one appliance in detail. (Aug-
2008)
6. What are Myo- functional Appliances? Classify them. On what principles do Myo-
functional Appliances work? Describe in details about indications, design and working
principle of any one functional
Appliance. (Aug-2016)
7. What are functional appliances? Explain the mechanism of action of functional appliances
and write in detail about Functional Regulator. (Feb-2017)

SHORT NOTES:
1. V.T.O(visual treatment objective). (Apr-2001)
2. Active plates. (Apr-2003)
3. Jasper jumper. (Apr-2004)
4. Fixed functional appliance. (Aug-2004, Feb-2006)
5. Mode of action of activator. (Feb-2005, Aug-2012)
6. Lip bumper. (Aug-2005, Aug-2017, Feb-2018)
7. Oral screen. (Aug-2006, Aug-2013, Feb-2015, Aug-2018)
8. Twin block appliance. (Feb-2008, Aug-2011, Aug-2016, Aug-2018)
9. Activator. (Aug-2009, Feb-2019)
10. Modifications of activator. (Feb-2010)
11. Activator Vs Frankel. (Feb-2012)
12. Bionator. (Feb-2014)
13. Treatment principle for functional appliances. (Feb-2016)

ESSAY: 7
SHORT NOTES: 13

CHAPTER 28:ORTHOPAEDIC APPLIANCE

SHORT NOTES:
1.chin up feb 2015, 2019
2. Face mask april 2004 , aug 2004, 2005
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

3. Headgears used in orthodontics feb 2005, 2014 , aug 2007 , 2010 , 2015
4. Reverse pull head gear feb 2016 , 2017 , aug 2019
5. Cervical pull head gear feb 2018
ESSAY: nil
SHORT NOTES: 5
CH-29 TREATMENT PLANNING
ESSAY- nil
SHORT NOTES
1. Planning extractions (Feb 2010)
2. Planning for space maintenance (Feb 2010)
ESSAY- 0
SHORT NOTES-2

CHAPTER 30 - MANAGEMENT OF SOME COMMON MALOCCLUSION

SHORT NOTES
1. Mid line diastema. (Nov 2001) , (Sep 2002) , (Apr 2003) , (Feb 2019)
2. Blanch test. (Aug 2014)
ESSAY: 0
SHORT NOTES: 2
CHAPTER:31 MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
ESSAY:
1.Describe the treatment plan for a class II malocclusion case during mixed dentition period.
( Aug 2006 )
2.Write about the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of class II division
malocclusion in a growing child. ( Feb 2015 )
3.An eight year old boy was diagnosed to be having a skeletal class II discrepancy with
Angle's dentoalveolar class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion. Describe the extra oral
clinical features, probable intra oral clinical features. Write the various skeletal discrepancy.
Write the treatment for each of such skeletal situation. ( Feb 2016 )
ESSAY : 3
SHORT NOTES : 0
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

CHAPTER-32(MANAGEMENT OF CLASS-LLL MALOCCLUSION)

ESSAY
1.Enumerate the difference between true and pseudo class-lll malocclusion. Discuss the line
of treatment in mixed dentition’ (Sep-2002)
2. Define malocclusion and write about malocclusion and how will you difference between
true class-lll and pseudo class-lll. (Feb-2018)
SHORT NOTES
1. Pseudo class-lll malocclusion ( feb-2020,Aug-2001 ,Aug-2006)
2. Facial and cephalometric features of class-lll discrepancy (Aug 2016)

CHAPTER-33 : MANAGEMENT OF OPEN BITE

SHORT NOTES
1. Correction of anterior open bites(Aug -2015)
2. Open bite (Aug- 2017)
3. Anterior open bite ( Feb-2019)
ESSAY : 0
SHORT NOTES: 3
CHAPTER 34 : MANAGEMENT OF CROSS BITE
SHORT NOTES:
1. Catalans appliance (Feb 2006 )
2. Management of anterior crossbite (Aug 2007 ) ( Aug 2011 )
3. Functional shift of the mandible ( Aug 2009 )
4. Crossbite Correction ( Feb 2013 )
5. Anterior crossbite ( Aug 2014 )
6. Correction of Anterior crossbite ( Feb 2016 )
7. Methods to correct posterior crossbite ( Feb 2017 )
ESSAY : 0
SHORT NOTES: 7

CHAPTER 35 : MANAGEMENT OF DEEP BITE

ESSAY :
1. Write briefly on anterior bite plane (Aug 2001)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

SHORT NOTES:
1.Deep bite (Sept 2002) (Aug 2019 )
2. Class II elastics ( Apr 2003 )
3.Anterior bite plane (Aug 2005 ) ( Aug 2017 )
4.Skeletal and dental deep bites (Aug 2016 )
ESSAY : 1
SHORT NOTES: 4

CHAPTER-36- CLEFT LIP AND PALATE.

I.ESSAY:
1. What are the causes for cleft lip and palate? How will you manage the problems
associated with them? (FEB-2010)

II.SHORT NOTES:
1. Line of treatment in cleft palate patient. (AUG-2007)
2. Classification of cleft lip and palate. (FEB-2011) (AUG-2015)
3. Cleft lip and palate. (AUG-2016)
4. Etiology of cleft palate. (FEB-2018)

ESSAY: 1
SHORT NOTES: 4
CHAPTER- 37 : SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS
SHORT NOTES:
1. Orthognathic surgery (Apr 2004)
2. Therapeutic extractions (Feb 2005) (AUG 2007)
3. Minor surgical procedures (Feb 2005)
4. Resection and osteotomies (Feb 2006)
5. Serial extraction (Aug 2008)
6. Pericision (Feb 2011) (Feb 2018)
7. Circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy (Feb 2012)
8. Frenectomy (Aug 2014)
9. Supracrestal fibrotomy (Aug 2017)
10. Causes of canine impaction (Feb 2018)
11. Principles of surgical orthodontics (Aug 2019)
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

12. Canine impaction (Feb 2020)

ESSAYS: 0
SHORT NOTES : 12

Chapter 38 : RETENTION AND RELAPSE

ESSAY :
1. Define retention? ( Nov 2001 )
2. Define stability. Mention the various causes of relapse and enumerate the retention
appliances.(Apr 2003)
3. Define retention. Explain the various theorems of retention. (Aug 2007, Feb 2020)
4. Write the various schools of thought of retention Discuss in detail the
theorems of retention ( Feb. 2012 )
5. Define retention and relapse. What are the causes for relapse and methods
to prevent relapse? ( Feb 2015 )
SHORT NOTES :
1. Rotational relapse (Aug 2004 )
2. Reidel’s theorems of retension and relapse ( Feb. 2005 )
3. Positioners (Aug 2005 )
4. Bonded retainers ( Feb. 2008 )
5. Causes of Relapse in Orthodontics. ( Aug 2008 )
6. Hawley Retainer ( Aug 2013 )
7. Fixed retainers ( Feb. 2014 )
8. What is Retention? Write briefly theorems involved (Aug 2015)
9. Upper Hawley’s Appliance. ( Aug 2016 )
10. Removable retainers ( Feb 2017 )
11. Causes of relapse ( Feb , Aug 2018)
12. 12.Retention appliances.(Aug 2019)
13. Aesthetic retainers.( Feb 2020)
ESSAY: 5
SHORT NOTES: 13

CHAPTER 39 LAB PROCEDURES

ESSAY
NIL
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

SHORT NOTES
1. Nickel titanium wire [aug 2001]
2. Welding and Soldering [ aug 2001 feb 2009]
3. Shape memory alloy [ apr 2004]
4. Spot welder [ feb 2005]
5. Wrought cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys [feb 2006]
6. Flux and antiflux [ aug 2006 feb 2013]
7. 18-8 stainless steel.[ aug 2007]
8. Welding in Orthodontics [ aug 2013]
9. Soldering in orthodontics [ aug 2014 aug 2018]
10. Alginate [ aug 2017]

ESSAY: nil
SHORT NOTES: 10
CHAPTER 40 : GENETICS IN ORTHODONTICS
Essay - NIL
Short notes
1. Genetic disorders [ apr 2004 feb 2010 aug 2019]
2. Mutation [ aug 2005]
3. Butler’s field theory [ feb 2006]
4. Twin Study [ aug 2012]
5. Genetics in orthodontics [feb 2013]
6. Down’s syndrome[ feb 2006]
ESSAY: nil
SHORT NOTES: 10

CHAPTER 41 : COMPUTER IN ORTHODONTICS

SHORT NOTES:
1. Software appliance in orthodonticsaug 2018
ESSAY: nil
SHORT NOTES: 1

CHAPTER 42 : ADULT ORTHODONTICS

SHORT NOTES:
 Compiled by Dr. Jai Santhosh Manikandan

1. Difference between adult and adolescent patients aug 2005

2. Adult orthodontics feb 2020
ESSAY: 1
SHORT NOTES: 4

CHAPTER-43 REMOVABLE CLEAR APPLIANCES

ESSAY-0
SHORTNOTES-0

CHAPTER 44: ROLE OF ORTHODONTIST IN SNORING AND SLEEP APNOEA

ESSAY: 0
SHORT NOTES: 0
CHAPTER :45 COMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATION OF ORTHODONTICS
ESSAY : NIL
SHORT NOTES: NIL