ead CHAPTER 8 ele SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ne In this Chapter + Sustainable Development Look at the excerpt! from NASA's website (Fig. $8.1). Do i ea Sustainable these figures alarm you? While global carbon dioxide level and temperature are going up, Arctic ce and global ice sheets sre melting at an alarming rate, resulting ina critical rise in sea level. At this rate, the world will soon witness a major satastropherespecially in the coastal regions, Many coastal + Sustainable Development Initiates regions will be destroyed and submerged in seawater. «Sustainable Processes ‘And the only reason behind the entire unfortunate * Our Role towards Sustainable catastrophe is human greed and industrial development Development activities. Do these mean We need to go back to the Stone age abandoning all technological advancements to save ourselves from this existential crisis? Problems Related to Sustainable Development * Sustainable Development Goals No, here comes the concept of green and sustainable development. We are an integrated part of the environment around us. It affects all aspects of our life and conversely, all our day-to- day activities also affect the environment. If our activities are more damaging to the environment, then the overall result will be negative. However, if we can minimise and compensate for the damage, then the environment willnot Fig $8.1 An excerpt from NASA's website be harmed in the long run. ‘Source: https://climate.nasa.gow/ For example, if we cut five trees to make paper, but plant ten trees, then the loss to the environment is compensated. But if we keep cutting trees and not plant enough trees, the environment will deteriorate’. ‘Thus, it it vai me belicesneh ee our development activities without causing long-term harm to the is called sustainable development - i ee ee pment - a development that can be sustained ove! SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT r the Sustainable develo “ pment is defined as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (World Commissiot y of future geners ; tions to meet thei ( Excerpt To take a short p jp short piece of Catastrophe: A sud of writing, music, fl ne ‘den film, ete. from 0 yecome worse ing of many living beings ‘Scanned with CamScannee| ncn t of sustainable development was introduced i ; in early 1980s (in parti cation of the World Conservation Strategy by IUCN, UNEP and ie 300) eo 1980), ncile ble lopment objecti i vet ation and develop ent objectives. Since then, it has evoked much discussion, ple development aims to bal: lance our economic, ainat ‘ i os mental and social needs, allowing prosperity for now and Creuse) ant nperations. Sustainable development consists of a long- wrested approach to developing and achieving a healthy ity by jointly addressing economic, environmental and social es while avoiding the overconsumption of key natural resources Sustainable development encourages us to conserve and arhance OU" resource base by gradually changing how we develop and use technologies. Countries must be allowed to meet their basic issu (Fa $8.2) reeds of employment, food, energy, water and sanitation. Fig. $8.2 Sustainable development ipthisis to be done sustainably, then there is a definite need for a sustainable population level. foonomic growth should be supported and developing nations should be allowed growth of equal cultyto the developed nations. FACTBOT ~ —o sustainable Development in India Satat Bharat~Sanatan Bharat (Sustainable India): India’s climate action strategies call for clean and efficient sragy systems, disaster-resilient infrastructure and planned eco-estoration.ACiTg Of! its nationally- determined contributions, sual through eneray efficient appliances, provided clean oo atarget to install 450GW of renewable energy and restore 26 mil 2030, Globally, India stands third in renewable power, ‘fourth in wind power and fifth in solar power. inda launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure ‘oO toleverage global partnerships for clima ° There are four objectives of sus! * Social progress and equality * Environmental protection India has electrified 100% of its villages, reduced 38 million tonne’ of CO, emissions ‘aking fuel to 80 million poor households, and set llion hectares of degraded land by ‘and the International Solar Alliance te action and disaster resilience. stainable development which are as follows: © Conservation of natural resources + Stable economic growth IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Our technological and economic development the young people of the wo Quickly that our future generations, roblems, much worse than those th: income, the consumption of goods is increasing day hare required for prod Ulisation of natural resources, whic Society must change its developmen "vironment. This form of sustainabl Sustainable lifestyle. Since most of the na} te "eSources is necessary. at we are facing at pres 1 strategy to a new fort le development can on tural resources are scal activities are using up resources of the world so ld, would have serious environmental sent. With increasing population and by day. This has led to increase in production and lucing goods. m where development will not destroy the ly be brought about if each practices a ce, therefore, careful utilisation of 101 ¥ ‘Scanned with CamScannerPROBLEMS RELATED TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The major problems related to sustainable development are as follows: + Food: Food is the primary requirement for all living beings. We, humans, grow our foods in agricultural fields. The amount of rich, fertile land needed to grow crops, such as Wheat, rice, ete, is becoming less as we are using up more and more land for other purposes. Soil nutrients are algy getting depleted* and lots of chemicals being added due to chemical fertilisers are spoiling the soi, © Water: In addition to drinking, water is used by everyone in daily life for many other purposes, However, fresh, usable water is very limited and overuse of water has led to severe water scarcity jn many regions. * Fuel: Fuel is the source of energy that keeps the civilisation moving. It is not only fuel for vehicles, but factories, machines, etc., also. So far, fossil fuel has been the primary source. Unfortunately, fossil fuels are the most major sources of pollution and environmental degradation. FACTBOT VW» [EEE ‘An environment friendly way of producing power is by using solar energy or energy from the Sun, which is unlimited. One major example of large-scale production of solar power is seen in Charanka, Gujarat Solar Park. This barren land with wild vegetation has a mega solar power plant of 600 MW. This has reduced the dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels in Gujarat. The people of Charanka have benefited as they have a good source of & income and this will also help future generations for the next coming 40 to 50 years. o SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. ‘The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, as a universal call of action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. The 17 SDGs are integrated, that is, they recognise that action in one area will affect outcomes in oevaoment GOALS others and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability ‘Through the pledge to ‘Leave No One Behind’, countries have committed to fast-track progress for those furthest behind first. That is why the SDGs are designed to bring the world to several life-changing ‘zeros’, including zero poverty, hunger, AIDS and discrimination against women and girls, Everyone is needed to reach these ambitious patie The creativity, know how, technology and Fig. $8.3 17 Sustainable Development Goals financial resources from all of society are necessary to achieve the SDGs in every context (Fig. $8.3) —o “ Depleted: To reduce the amount of something s0 that there is not much left 102 |W ‘Scanned with CamScanneraystNABLE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES l id follows a Seal ee eee 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by | voting Vl . Indi lex Score ranges between 42 and 69 for states and between ee 168 (OF UTs Kerala and mec Pradesh are the front runners amongst all the ates with a | 69, chandigar uducherry are the front runners with a score of 68 and 65 respectively | ol eye the survey states. ant policy Initiatives for Sustainable Development survey cites current Government of India policies in the direction of achieving SDGs. These include srachh Bharat Mission, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Pradhan Mantri AwasYojana, Smart Cities, Pradhan antrivan Dhan Yojana, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana and Pradhan Mantri UjjwalaYojana, svong other: ‘petlamami Gange Mission, a key policy priority towards achieving the SDG 6, was launched as 2 pity programme with a budget outlay of 220,000 crores for 2015-2020. Major components include Brerage projest management, urban and rural sanitation, tackling industrial pollution, water use ficiency and quality improvement, ‘ecosystem conservation and the clean Ganga fund. to address the increasing air pollution across the country in a comprehensive manner, 1 Clean Air Programme in 2019 as a pan India of air pollution besides Further, in order the Government of India has launched a National tmebound national level strategy for prevention, control and abatement’ augmenting the air quality monitoring network across the country. | ional Policy on Resource Efficiency (RE), building || id be devised for mainstreaming the || for achieving SDGs. Resource Efficiency | at the least possible cost to the 1) The survey states that a harmonised overarching Nat upon the existing policies to address multiple sectors shou Resource Efficiency approach in the development pathway can be a major tool to meet the resource needs of the country, envionment, the survey adds. jan economy for enhancing RE in India. It quotes IGEP, conomic impact of RE strategy and identified ector with its implementation’. The survey assesses priority sectors of the Indi 2013 and states, “Various studies have analysed the &* that %6000 crores can be saved in the manufacturing s ACTIVITYBOT~ —o eS || 1. Collect information on various initiatives taken by the Government of India for sustainable 1 development and meeting the sustainable development goals. | I 2. Search on the Internet and prepare @ report on sustainable processes in various fields such as agriculture, nergy, transport, etc. SUSTAINABLE PROCESSES | Su Stainable processes include: Reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource conservation | =———s | ement the action of making something less intense or severe ] | 103 \ ‘Scanned with CamScanner* Recycling and reuse of waste materials; x «Scientific management of renewable resources, especially bio-resources; + Planting more trees; + Green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete buildings; + Using more environment-friendly material or biodegradable material and use of technologies, whi, are environmentally friendly and based on efficient use of resources. OUR ROLE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Every individual has a big role to play in sustainable development, just like everyone contributes to pollution. We use so many resources from nature, but what do we give back to nature? Factories give out smoke that pollutes the air, Garbage collected from homes is dumped into landfills. Untreated garbage leads to diseases and unhealthy environment. Sewage from the cities is dumped into the seas and lakes, making it unsafe for marine life. This shows that though we are using the natural resources, we are doing nothing to return or give back to nature. Natural resources are limited and with time ‘they will get over and if we do nothing about it, our future generations will not be able to survive. Fig. $8.4 Save nature Sustainable development can happen only when each one of us works towards it. We have to become responsible environment citizens who can protect the environment through our efforts. Here are some basic ways in which people can help towards Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education Any form of development begins with education. We can contribute towards sustainability only when we are educated and aware of our responsibilities for sustainable development. We should: + use the facilities present in our areas. + help friends in their study. + take our friends to school. + stop friends from dropping out of school Clean Water and Sanitation Clean water and sanitation are absolute necessities for healthy living. Our government is taking serious measures to make India open defecation free (ODF). We must tak i e measurable si in awareness to keep water sources clean. lee Affordable and Clean Energy Energy production is perhaps the biggest source of pollution. Thi i Enary roduton pollution. This pollution + Reducing wastage of direct use of energy and material (as producin material also needs energy to run machines) by turning off lights, fan etc, we can significantly reduce wastage of electricity, om 104 WV Fig. $8.5 Use solar energy ‘Scanned with CamScanner+ Moving towards cleaner energy forms such as solar ener in energy production. 9y (Fig. $8.5), can help us reduce pollution Decent Work and Economic Growth We can: + study and find good jobs to take care of ourselves and our families. + work hard and contribute to society. + learn and develop skills so that we add value in our community. Reduced Inequalities To reduce inequalities, we can: + be helpful to one another. « be friendly with everyone, + include everyone while working or playing. + help others by including everyone whether they are smal! or big, girl or boy, belong to any class or caste. Sustainable Cities and Communities We can: + save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use. + use natural light as much as possible. + use energy efficient lights (LED bulbs) and appliances. Responsible Consumers and Producers Tobecome responsible for our own environment, we can LEO * feuse paper, glass, plastic, water, etc. ae S. * take cloth bags to market for carrying fruits and vegetables. @ Zeno OR ; | waste OXY donate things we do not use anymore such as clothes, books, furniture, 39), aes food, etc, See? TESS * buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers. "pair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water. * “rand treat garbage before disposing. Fig. $8.6 Reduce the waste Protect) ; = Sct Life below Water 1 es niall ine li oceans from pollution is "egg! Plastic is found in the seas, which is killing marine life. Saving our ar "10 preserve the marine life. 105 x ¥ ‘Scanned with CamScannerProtect Life on Land Cutting of trees is leading to soil erosion and making land dry and unusable for cultivation. Planting more trees to replace the ones that we have cut is an important step towards sustainable development. AL GLOSSARY —o Fig. $8.7 Grow trees energy © Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs * Sustainable Development Goals: Global goals as a universal call of action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 ) AL SUMMARY ——o + Sustainable development is defined as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. * The concept of sustainable development was introduced in early 1980s. + Sustainable development aims to balance our economic, environmental, and social needs, allowing prosperity for now and future generations. + Sustainable development encourages us to conserve and enhance our resources by gradually changing how we develop and use technologies. + There are four objectives of sustainable development: * Social progress and equality + Environmental protection * Conservation of natural resources * Stable economic growth + Three major problems related to sustainable development are food, water and fuel + The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, as a universal call of action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. + The 17 SDGs are integrated, that is, they recognise that action in one area will affect outcomes in others and that development must balance social, economic, and environmental sustainability + India’s SDG index score ranges between 42 and 69 for states and between 57 and 68 for UTS. i ‘Scanned with CamScanneeKERCIS BOT \__, {A Tick (V) the correct option, host © b.1981 ° 2, Which ofthe following is not an aim of sustainable deverc O ats ° a. Social progress and equality O levelopment? oe protection 3 c. Conservation of natural resources 4. Stable economic growth 5 3. India stands a - in renewable power. a.First b. Second 4. India stands... en von, hing O- 4Fourh © a. First © b.Second OQ athird © -wfouth 0 5, The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also known as the . a. Ultimate Goals O _pGlobal Goals ° c. Mutual Goals O di. Next generation Goals ° 6. How many SDGs are there? a15 Oo »b.16 Oo et O ats ° 7. SDGs aim for zero .. ; a. Health O b.Genderequality OQ c.Lifeontand © Ldfiunger O 8, Indj’s SD index score ranges between . neue f0F States. a. 42 and 69 © b.48 and 89 °O ¢.12and39 OQ 4.14and79 © 8. The Namami Gange Mission is a key policy priority towards achieving the. . a/S06 6 O »bs0G7 O .spes OQ aspoe9 O 10. The Government of India has launched a National Clean Air Programme in... . 2.2018 O° 019 © .2020 O au oO Fillin the blanks. 1. The concept of sustainable development was introduced in early . a 2. The aim of ..guy 2" is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs. 3. There are ‘ objectives of sustainable development. ale 4, The three major problems in sustainable development are .. he Su r he year . SDs were set in the year ‘1.42. to be accomplished by the yea 5. 6 There are Ae. .. SDGs. ng for UTs. 7. India's S06 index score ranges betwee! Se 8. 9. 1 Chandigarh has a SDG index score of .. ~ Kerala has a SDG index score of 9. Cutting of trees is leading to soll. ‘Scanned with CamScanner10. Oa There are ten objectives of Su . India has set ._ India launched the Coalition for POBnNanawno fe T for True or F for False. Everybody has the right to a healthy, ch stainable development. lean and safe environment. < fourth in renewable power. “ enewable energy by 2030. Ee ded land by 2030. Globally, India stands a target to install 450GW of re n hectares of degra Resilient Infrastructt imate action an India has set a target to restore 26 millior Disaster Solar Alliance to leverage global partnerships for cl There are 20 SDGs. © e | DGs are to be achieved by 2035, ¢ Clean water and sanitation are not the aims of soasX marine life. Tonnes of plastic is found in the seas, which is killing What do you mean by sustainable development? we What are the objectives of sustainable development? ~ Why is sustainable development important? ~ see > Explain the problem of food in sustainable development a Explain the problem of fuel in sustainable development. x What are spGs? “8 Write briefly about the pledge Leave No One Behind. a Name two initiatives of India towards achieving the SDGs. How does quality education plays a role in SDGs? _- (>> (Jong answer questions. PNOMeR won Explain the concept of sustainable development with an examples Describe the four objectives of sustainable development. \'? Describe the Setat Bharat-Sanatan Bharat scheme-®\ Describe the three major problems in sustainable development.” e Describe the pledge of SDGs.~ . Describe a few policies in India for SDGs,—S7 Write five sustainable processes. —\Y) Describe what role you c i you can play in contributing towards achieving the SDGs. ‘Scanned with CamScanner jure and the International .d disaster resilience. oe