PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1ST QUARTER PERFORMANCE TASK

STEM - D - IRON

GROUP 2

TITLE: CAIMITO SAP AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY ADHESIVE: INFUSING WITH

CITRUS EXTRACTS TO DEVELOP A NATURALLY SCENTED AND

EFFECTIVE GLUE

A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study explores the development of an eco-friendly adhesive using caimito (star apple)

sap infused with citrus extracts. Traditional adhesives often contain synthetic chemicals

and solvents that contribute to environmental harm and emit strong, pungent odors. By

using caimito sap, which has natural adhesive properties, combined with citrus extracts

for a pleasant scent, this study aims to provide a sustainable alternative that minimizes

ecological impact. The infusion of citrus not only masks the natural odor of the sap but

also introduces a fresh aroma, enhancing the product's appeal and usability. Ultimately,

this research seeks to create a biodegradable, naturally scented adhesive that could

reduce the demand for synthetic glue products, aligning with the global movement toward

environmentally responsible materials.

Research Questions:

1. How can the concentration and preparation methods of star apple sap be refined to

improve its adhesive strength and durability?

2. How does the performance of star apple sap-based adhesives compare with commercial

adhesives in terms of drying time and resilience across different surfaces?

3. To what extent is star apple sap adhesive effective on diverse materials such as plastics,

metals, and textiles, and how versatile is it in these applications?

4. What are the environmental and economic impacts of producing star apple sap adhesives

at a large scale, and is it feasible for widespread use as an eco-friendly alternative?

A. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

For Drying Time (H0): There is no significant difference in drying time between star apple

sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in drying time between star

apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.

For Resilience (H0): There is no significance difference in resilience across different

surfaces between star apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in resilience across

different surfaces between star apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.
B. RESEARCH DESIGN:

The research uses a true experimental design to rigorously evaluate the

effectiveness of Caimito sap infused with citrus extracts as a naturally scented adhesive.

This design is ideal because it allows for controlled manipulation of key variables, such as

sap concentration and citrus extract levels, enabling researchers to establish a clear

cause-and-effect relationship regarding the adhesive’s properties. By including random

assignment and control groups, the design minimizes biases and ensures that any

observed differences are due to the treatment itself, rather than external factors. This

structured approach enhances the reliability and replicability of the findings, providing solid

evidence of the adhesive's potential for practical applications

A. RESEARCH GAPS:

The current study aims to address several important research gaps identified in Star

Apple Sap as an alternative Glue. These gaps include:

1. Further Refinement and Testing: Limited studies have tested different

concentrations and preparation methods of star apple sap to improve adhesive

strength and durability (StudyMoose, 2023; MMSoFtek, 2023).

2. Comparison with Commercial Adhesives: There is insufficient comparison data

on the performance of star apple sap adhesives versus commercial products,

particularly regarding drying time and resilience across surfaces (MMSoFtek,

2023).
 3. Application on Various Surfaces: Current research lacks exploration of star

apple sap adhesive on materials like plastics, metals, and textiles, limiting

knowledge of its versatility (StudyMoose, 2023).

4. Environmental and Economic Benefits: Few studies quantify the economic and

environmental impacts of producing star apple sap adhesives at scale, leaving the

feasibility of large-scale use unclear (MMSoFtek, 2023).

References:

StudyMoose. (2023). Star Apple Sap as a Substitute Glue Free Essay Example. Retrieved from

[https://www.studymoose.com](https://www.studymoose.com)

MMSoFtek. (2023). Star Apple Sap as a Substitute Glue Composition Essay. Retrieved from

[https://www.mmsoftek.com](https://www.mmsoftek.com)

RESEARCH PROCEDURES

1. Preparation of Materials

Caimito Sap Collection: Gather fresh caimito sap from healthy trees.

Citrus Extracts: Prepare extracts from citrus fruits (e.g., lemon, orange) through juicing or steam

distillation.

2. Formulation Development

Create different adhesive formulations using varying ratios of caimito sap and citrus extracts. For

example:
Formulation A: 100% caimito sap

Formulation B: 75% caimito sap, 25% citrus extract

Formulation C: 50% caimito sap, 50% citrus extract

Formulation D: 100% citrus extract (as a control)

3. Testing Adhesive Properties

Viscosity Measurement: Use a viscometer to measure the viscosity of each formulation.

Bonding Strength Tests: Apply each adhesive to standardized materials (e.g., paper, wood) and

perform shear strength tests by applying weight until failure occurs.

Longevity Assessment: Store samples under different conditions (humidity, temperature) and

periodically test their bonding strength over time.

4. Sensory Evaluation

Conduct sensory evaluations with participants to assess the aroma and texture of each

formulation.

Use surveys to gather feedback on preferences regarding scent and usability.

C. RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

This questionnaire aims to gather feedback on the sensory characteristics and overall

acceptability of adhesive solutions produced from caimito sap infused with citrus extracts. Your

responses will help assess the quality and effectiveness of these natural adhesives and their

potential as sustainable products. Thank you for your participation!

SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

1. Age: __________

2. Gender:

• Male

• Female

• Other

3. Location: __________

4. Occupation: __________

5. Location: ___________

6. Interest in Eco-friendly Products:

• Not interested

• Somewhat interested

• Very interested

SECTION 2: SENSORY EVALUATION

Please rate the following characteristics of the caimito sap adhesive infused with citrus extracts

on a scale of 1 to 4, where:

1 = Very poor

2 = Poor

3 = Average

4 = Good
 A. Sample 1

Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good

1 2 3 4

A. Color

1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is

more appealing than the commercial glue.

2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit

for sticking light colored papers.

3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does

not create any discoloration on the paper

B. Odor

1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a

strong smell compared to commercial glue.

2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does

not irritate the user.

3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be

liked by children.

C. Adhesion

1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster

than the commercial glue.

2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer

than the commercial glue.

3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue

can be easily washed by soap and water.

B. Sample 2

Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good

1 2 3 4

A. Color

1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is

more appealing than the commercial glue.

2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit

for sticking light colored papers.

3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does

not create any discoloration on the paper

B. Odor

1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a

strong smell compared to commercial glue.

2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does

not irritate the user.

3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be

liked by children.

C. Adhesion

1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster

than the commercial glue.

2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer

than the commercial glue.

3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue

can be easily washed by soap and water.

C. Sample 3

Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good

1 2 3 4

A. Color

1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is

more appealing than the commercial glue.

2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit

for sticking light colored papers.

3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does

not create any discoloration on the paper

B. Odor

1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a

strong smell compared to commercial glue.

2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does

not irritate the user.

3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be

liked by children.

C. Adhesion
1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster

than the commercial glue.

2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer

than the commercial glue.

3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue

can be easily washed by soap and water.

D. Sample 4

Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good

1 2 3 4

A. Color

1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is

more appealing than the commercial glue.

2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit

for sticking light colored papers.

3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does

not create any discoloration on the paper

B. Odor

1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a

strong smell compared to commercial glue.

2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does

not irritate the user.

 3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be

liked by children.

C. Adhesion

1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster

than the commercial glue.

2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer

than the commercial glue.

3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue

can be easily washed by soap and water.

This study uses an adapted version of the questionnaire developed by Inato et al. (2019).