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Grammar_English

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Anshika Mathpal
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Grammar_English

Uploaded by

Anshika Mathpal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grammar

Literary Device:
1. Metaphor

 Definition: A comparison between two unlike things without using “like” or “as.” It
suggests they are alike in a specific way.
 Example: "The world is a stage."
 Purpose: Creates a strong, vivid image and helps readers make connections.

2. Simile

 Definition: A comparison using "like" or "as."


 Example: "Her laughter was like music."
 Purpose: Makes descriptions more relatable and vivid.

3. Personification

 Definition: Giving human traits to animals, objects, or abstract ideas.


 Example: "The sun smiled down on us."
 Purpose: Makes descriptions lively and relatable.

4. Alliteration

 Definition: Repetition of the same starting consonant sounds in a sequence of words.


 Example: "Sally sells seashells by the seashore."
 Purpose: Adds rhythm and can emphasize certain phrases or themes.

5. Onomatopoeia

 Definition: A word that sounds like its meaning.


 Example: "The bees buzzed."
 Purpose: Engages the reader's senses and adds realism.

6. Hyperbole

 Definition: An extreme exaggeration for effect.


 Example: "I could sleep for a hundred years."
 Purpose: Emphasizes a point or conveys strong emotion.
7. Irony

 Definition: A contrast between expectations and reality.


o Types:
 Verbal irony: Saying the opposite of what one means.
 Situational irony: An unexpected outcome that contrasts with what was
intended or expected.
 Dramatic irony: The audience knows something the characters do not.
 Example: A fire station burns down.
 Purpose: Creates suspense, humor, or emphasizes themes.

8. Foreshadowing

 Definition: Hinting at events that will occur later in the story.


 Example: Dark clouds gather before a tragic event.
 Purpose: Builds suspense and prepares readers for upcoming developments.

9. Symbolism

 Definition: Using an object, character, or event to represent something more profound.


 Example: A rose symbolizing love.
 Purpose: Adds layers of meaning and evokes emotion.

10. Imagery

 Definition: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.


 Example: "The golden yellow leaves rustled in the crisp autumn air."
 Purpose: Creates vivid mental pictures for the reader, enhancing the reading experience.

11. Allusion

 Definition: A reference to another text, person, place, or event.


 Example: "He was a real Romeo with the ladies."
 Purpose: Builds connections and adds depth.

12. Oxymoron

 Definition: A combination of contradictory terms.


 Example: "Deafening silence."
 Purpose: Emphasizes contrast and often adds dramatic effect.

13. Allegory

 Definition: A story where characters and events represent larger ideas.


 Example: Animal Farm as an allegory for the Russian Revolution.
 Purpose: Conveys complex ideas in an accessible way.

14. Paradox

 Definition: A seemingly contradictory statement that reveals a truth.


 Example: "The only constant is change."
 Purpose: Provokes thought and challenges assumptions.

15. Flashback

 Definition: An interruption to show events from the past.


 Example: A character remembers a childhood event.
 Purpose: Provides background and context.

16. Juxtaposition

 Definition: Placing contrasting elements close together.


 Example: A beautiful flower growing in a war-torn area.
 Purpose: Highlights differences and can create tension or irony.

17. Motif

 Definition: A recurring theme, symbol, or idea.


 Example: Repeated mentions of darkness in Macbeth.
 Purpose: Reinforces themes and creates cohesion.

18. Euphemism

 Definition: A polite term used in place of something harsh.


 Example: "Passed away" instead of "died."
 Purpose: Softens sensitive topics or makes them socially acceptable.

19. Tone

 Definition: The author’s attitude toward the subject.


 Example: A somber tone when describing tragic events.
 Purpose: Conveys emotion and influences the reader's perception.

20. Mood

 Definition: The emotional atmosphere of a work.


 Example: An eerie mood in a horror story.
 Purpose: Sets the reader’s emotional experience.

21. Flash-forward
 Definition: An interruption to show events from the future.
 Example: A glimpse of a character's life years after the main story.
 Purpose: Creates suspense or foreshadows outcomes.

22. Pun

 Definition: A play on words that exploits multiple meanings.


 Example: "Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana."
 Purpose: Adds humor and wordplay.

23. Epiphany

 Definition: A character’s sudden realization or insight.


 Example: A character suddenly understands their purpose in life.
 Purpose: Marks a turning point and adds depth.

24. Apostrophe

 Definition: Directly addressing an absent person, idea, or object.


 Example: "O death, where is thy sting?"
 Purpose: Adds emotion and creates a sense of immediacy.

25. Satire

 Definition: Using humor or exaggeration to criticize or mock.


 Example: Gulliver's Travels as a satire on human nature.
 Purpose: Highlights flaws and provokes thought or reform.

26. Idiom

 Definition: A common expression with a meaning that doesn’t match the literal words.
 Example: "Kick the bucket" for dying.
 Purpose: Makes language colorful and often culturally specific.

27. Connotation

 Definition: The implied or suggested meaning beyond the literal.


 Example: “Childish” implies immaturity, while “youthful” is more positive.
 Purpose: Adds emotional or social nuances.

28. Anaphora

 Definition: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the start of sentences.


 Example: “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds.”
 Purpose: Emphasizes key points and adds rhythm.
29. Epistrophe

 Definition: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of sentences.


 Example: "See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil."
 Purpose: Reinforces an idea and adds rhythm.

30. Foil

 Definition: A character who contrasts with another, usually the protagonist.


 Example: Dr. Watson as a foil to Sherlock Holmes.
 Purpose: Highlights qualities of the main character by contrast.

31. Climax

 Definition: The turning point or most intense moment in a story.


 Example: The final showdown in an action movie.
 Purpose: Increases tension and leads to the resolution.

32. Archetype

 Definition: A universal symbol, character type, or plot pattern.


 Example: The hero, the mentor, the journey.
 Purpose: Creates relatable, timeless elements.

Idioms
Thick and fast: He got a lot of awards and was recognized at many places

On the brink of suicide: About to commit suicide

Hue and cry: Angry protest

Taken time off: To take a day off, take a holiday

Earth-shaking decision: Something very important

On top of it: To add on to something


Close quarters: To get a closer look

Taken with: Attracted by

Filled the slot: Fit into a place easily

Could not stomach: Could not tolerate

Outrage the innocence of: Violate the purity of

Potter about: Do some unimportant things

Didn’t care a hang: Show no concern or interest

Land him: Hit or punch someone

A bit of a row: An argument

Split the difference: This means that they agreed on6 30

At odds with: In conflict with

Running in wild capers: Running happily with excitement

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