4.

INITIAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND PRELIMINARY

LAND ACQUISITION/ RESETTLEMENT PLAN
4.1. INTRODUCTION

National Highways Authority of India has been assigned the work of consultancy services for preparation
of DPR for “Augmentation of existing 4 lane Section of NH-46 from design Km. 0.000 (Ashram Tiraha) to
Km. 16.439 (Ratnagiri tiraha on NH-146) namely Ayodhya Bypass to 6 lane Highway in the State of
Madhya Pradesh under Bharatmala Pariyojana”.

In order to fulfil the above task, the National Highway Authority of India has appointed M/s Lea
Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. to provide services for the above-mentioned project.

The Letter of Acceptance with LAC Stage I details was communicated vide letter No. 622 dated
06.06.2023 regarding submission of LAC Stage I details of Ayodhya Bypass.

The Agreement for consultancy services remain unchanged as old Agreement signed on dated April 2017.
Reconnaissance/preliminary surveys were commenced with immediate effect. The Inception report is
prepared based on reconnaissance survey conducted on 03/05/2023 and in accordance with the Contract
Agreement for preparation of Detailed Project Report.

As per ToR, the scope of the consultancy services comprises of - “Upgradation of Existing 4 lane section of
NH-46 from Km.0.000(Ashram Tiraha) to Km. 16.439 (Ratnagiri Tiraha) to 6 lane standards in the State of
Madhya Pradesh”.
Chainage Length Geographic Coordinates
S. No Stretch Name
From Km. To Km. (Km) Start End
2578361.89 m N 2573550.949 m N
1 Ayodhya Bypass 0+000 16+439 16.439
740677.66 m E 754052.465 m E

4.2. BHOPAL- THE PHYSICAL

FEATURES AND THE DISTRICT
PROFILE

4.2.1. Area and Location

Bhopal has an average elevation of 500 metres (1401 ft)

and is located in the central part of India, just north of the
upper limit of the Vindhya Mountain ranges. Located on
the Malwa plateau, it is higher than the north Indian
plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has
small hills within its boundaries. The prominent hills in Bhopal are the Idgah and Shyamala hills in the
northern region, together with the Katara hills in the southern region. There are 17 lakes and 5 reservoirs
biggest of them are upper lake and Lower Lake the Upper Lake has a surface area of 36 km2 and
catchment area of 361 km2 while the Lower Lake has a surface area of 1.29 km2 and catchment area of
9.6 km2. Recently, Bhopal Municipal Corporation came with a resolution to involve local citizens in
cleaning, conserving and maintaining the lakes. Bhopal city is divided into two parts where one part

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which is near the VIP and lake is Old Bhopal (north) and the other, New Bhopal (south), where malls are
mainly situated. List of pin codes from Bhopal is 462001 to 462050 which comes under Bhopal postal
division (Bhopal Region).

4.2.2. History

Bhopal district was carved out of the erstwhile Sehore District of Bhopal division vide M.P. Govt.
Notification No. 2477/1977/Sa/One/ dated 13th September, 1972.The district derives its name from the
district head-quarters town Bhopal which is also the capital of Madhya Pradesh. The etymology of the
term Bhopal has been derived from its former name Bhojpal as would be evident from the following
extract from the imperial Gazetter of Central India, 1908 P.240

The name (Bhopal) is popularly derived from Bhojpal or Bhoj’s dam, the great dam which now holds up
the Bhopal city lakes, and is said to have been built by a Minister of Raja Bhoj, the Parmar ruler of Dhar.
The still greater work which formerly held up the Tal (lake) being attributed to this monarch himself. The
name is, however, invariably pronounced, Bhupal and Dr. Fleet considers it to be derived simply from
Bhupala, a King, the popular derivation being an instance of the striving after a meaning so common in
such cases.

Initially the lake was quite big but as time has elapsed only a small portion of it has remained to be seen
as “Bada Talab” i.e., the upper lake. Since long there is a famous saying about Bhopal Lake, “Talon mein
tal Bhopal tal, baki sab tallaiya”.

There is a legend that Bhopal, for long, was a part of “Mahakautar” a barrier of dense forests and hills,
outlined by the Narmada separating the north, from north to south. Early history of the territory
comprising Bhopal district was in oblivion. It was in the tenth century that the names of Rajput clans
began to appear in Malwa. The most notable of them was Raja Bhoj who was both a great scholar and a
great warrior.After the invasion by Altamash the Mohammadans began to infiltrate into Malwa which
included Bhopal as a part. In 1401 Dilawar Khan Ghori took charge of this territory. He made Dhar as the
capital of his kingdom. He was succeeded by his son.

In the beginning of 14th century, a Gond warrior called Yadoram established the Gond Kingdom with his
headquarters at Garha Mandla. The Gond dynasty had a number of powerful kings like Madan Shah,
Gorakhdas, Arjundas and Sangram Shah. During the Mughal invasion in Malwa a sizeable area of the
territory comprising Bhopal state was under the possession of Gond Kingdom. These territories were
known as Chaklas of which Chakla Ginnour was one consisting of 750 villages. Bhopal was a part of it. The
Gond king Nizam Shah was the ruler of this area.

Nizam Shah died of poisoning by Chain Shah. His widow, Kamlavati and son Naval Shah became helpless.
Naval Shah was a minor then. After the death of Nizam Shah, Rani Kamlavati came to an agreement with
Dost Mohammed Khan to manage the affairs of the state. Dost Mohammed Khan was a shrewd and
cunning Afghan Sardar. who began acquiring smaller principalities? After the death of Rani Kamlavati.
Dost Mohammed Khan seized the fort of Ginnor, curbed the rebels, bestowing the grants according to
their degree of control upon the rest and earned their gratitude. By treachery and deceit, destroyed the
Deora Rajputs and also slaughtered and drowned them down into a river; which since then is known as
Halali, the river of slaughters. He shifted his headquarters to Islamnagar and built a fort. Dost Mohammed
died in 1726 at the age of 66. By this time, he had carved out the state of Bhopal and placed it on a firm

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footing. It was Dost Mohammed Khan who had decided to build his capital at Bhopal in 1722. His
successor Yar Mohammed Khan however went back to Islamnagar.

Marathas had a contest with Yar Mohammed Khan in which many lives were lost. The Marathas were
making inroad to Malwa in 1737, Yar Mohammed Khan tried to make friendship with the Marathas by
paying them handsome ransom, requesting however that his territories might not be devastated. Yar
Mohammed Khan ruled for fifteen years. He died in 1742 and was buried in Islamnagar where his tomb is
still standing.

On the death of Yar Mohammed Khan, his eldest son Faiz Mohammed Khan succeeded him with the
assistance of Diwan Bijai Ram. In the meantime, Sultan Mohammed Khan, the brother of Yar Mohammed
Khan proclaimed himself as a ruler and obtained possession of Fatehgarh Fort at Bhopal. Again, with the
help of Bijai Ram, Faiz Mohammed denounced all claims on Bhopal in lieu of some Jagirs elsewhere. Faiz
Mohammed Khan attacked Raisen Fort and took possession of it.

It was in 1745, that the Peshwa made inroads in Bhopal territory. He got help from Sultan Mohammed
Khan. The Bhopal army was unable to resist the onslaught of Marathas and thus some surrounding areas
viz, Ashta, Doraha, Ichhawar, Bhilsa, Shujalpur and Sehore etc. were ceded to them.

Faiz Mohammed Khan died on 12th December, 1777. Since he was childless, his brother Hayat
Mohammed Khan succeeded him with the help of lady Mamola, the widow of Yar Mohammed Khan. But
the Begum Salaha widow of Faiz Mohammed Khan wished herself to take the command of the state.
Rivalries had started brewing and chaotic condition prevailed. To pacify the deteriorating conditions, lady
Mamola took active part in making Hayat Mohammed Khan as the deputy of Begam Salaha. This
arrangement was discarded by Hayat Mohammed Khan who revolted and assumed the title and power of
Nawab.

The East India company had established its footing in India. Colonel Goddard of the East India Company
had marched through Bhopal on his way to Bombay. Hayat Mohammed Khan maintained good relations
and was faithful to them. Nawab Faulad Khan was the Diwan but developed the enemity with lady
Mamola and was stained by a member of the royal family. Chhota Khan was appointed Diwan in his
place. In a fierce fight which took place at Phanda, there was a loss of troops and Chhota Khan lost his
life. It is Chhota Khan who had built a stone bridge to dam the lower lake which is still known as “Pul
Pukhta”. Ameer Mohammed Khan succeeded his father. Since his behaviour was not good, he was ousted
by the Nawab. Due to internal disturbances Nawab Hayat Mohammed Khan confined himself to his
palace without taking any active part in the affairs of the state. He died on 10th Nov. 1808.After the
death of Hayat Mohammed Khan, his son Ghaus Mohammed became the Nawab but he was not so
effective. Wazir Mohammed Khan in fact wielded power and tried to influence the Britishers. At this time
the Maratha power was being built up.

Nazar Mohammed Khan became his successor and remained in power from 1816 to 1819. On 28th
February, 1818, he married Gauhar Begum who was also known Qudsia Begum. By persistent endeavour,
he succeeded in entering into a pact with the Britishers. The important provisions of the treaty were that
the British Govt. will guarantee and protect the principality of Bhopal against all enemies and will
maintain friendship with it. Nazar Mohammed Khan died accidentally on 11th November 1819. On the
death of Nazar Mohammed Khan Gohar Begam was vested with the supreme authority in the state by

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the political agent in Bhopal. In November 1837, Nawab Jehangir Mohammed Khan was vested with
powers of chief of the state. It was Nawab Jehangir Khan who built a new colony which is known as
Jehangirabad. His relations with Sikandar Begum became strained after some time. The Begum moved to
Islamnagar and gave birth to a daughter who was known as Shah Jahan Begum. Later on, Sikandar Begum
came to power. On the death of Sikandar Begum, Shah Jahan Begum became ruler of Bhopal with full
powers. She did the good work for the welfare of the state. Her Highness earned the approbation of the
Governor General for good administrative ability.

On the death of Shah Jahan Begum, her daughter, Sultan Jehan Begum became the ruler. She was
married to Ahmed ali Khan who was given the title of “Wazirud Daula”. He died on 4th Jan. 1902 due to
heart-attack.

A number of important buildings were constructed during the regime of her Highness, Sultan Jehan
Begum. She was a patron of learning. It was during her time, the Sultania Girl’s School and Alexanderia
Noble School (Now known as Hamidia High School) were established.

On the occasion of the Prince of Wales’ visit on 4th Feb, 1922. Her Highness announced a new
constitution for the Bhopal state which consisted of the establishment of an Executive Council and a
Legislative Council. The president of the Council was Her Highness herself. Nawab Hamidulla Khan
assumed the reign in 1926. His Highness was twice elected as the Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes
once in 1931-32 and again in 1944-47 and took part in important deliberations affecting the political
evolution of the country. With the announcement of the plan of independence of the country the Nawab
of Bhopal resigned in 1947 from the Chancellorship of the Chamber of Princes. In 1947, a new Ministry
with a non-official majority was appointed by His Highness, but in 1948 His Highness expressed his desire
to retain Bhopal as a separate unit. However, the agreement for merger was signed by the Ruler on April
30, 1949 and the State was taken over by the Union Government through a Chief Commissioner on June
1, 1949.

After the merger, Bhopal State was formed as a part ‘C’ State of Indian Union. Later as a consequence of
the Reorganization of states on linguistic basis on 1st Nov. 1956, Bhopal became the part C State or
Madhya Pradesh. The Bhopal district was carved out on 02-10-1972, which continues to be one of the 45
districts of the State.

4.2.3. Physical Features

The district lies in the eastern edge of Malwa Plateau and is situated in the central part of the state
between latitude 23o 04’ and 23o 53’ north and longitude 77o 12’ and 77o 40’ east. The district is
bounded by Rajgarh district in the north, west Guna district in the north, Vidisha district in the north-east,
Raisen district in the south-east and Sehore district in the south-west.

4.2.4. Physiography

Large part of the district is uneven. Hills range located in the northern part of the district extend in north-
south direction. A high-altitude zone exists in the east of Baenriver. Southern part of the district is a
plateau region dissected by the streams. The average height of the district is between 472 and 630
meters above the mean sea level. The district can be divided in to two broad regions (i) Berasiashruby

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Forests and (ii) Bhopal plateau, on the basis of the PhysioCultural characteristics. A brief description of
these two regions is given below:

(I)BERASIA SHRUBY FORESTS

The region is situated in the northern part of the district and covers major part of Berasia tahsil and a
small portion of Huzur tahsil. This is on the edge of Malwa plateau and therefore a large part of it is
uneven. There are string hill ranges spread over the tract. The one situated on the northern part in north-
south direction has an average height of 500 metres. The range separates the water catchment zones of
Parbati river in west and Banjari in the east. Another hill range with a height of 594 metres is located in
the south-eastern part of this tract but a major portion of it falls in the neighbouring district of Raisen. A
number of scattered hillocks appear on the east of Berasia which forms a zone separating the water flow
direction. The main reserved forest rangers are Berasia, Bhopal, Ramtek and Sohaya. Besides, some
pockets of protected forests are also located in this tract.

(II) BHOPAL PLATEAU

This region is situated on the southern part of the district and covers the major portion of Huzur tahsil.
Lying on the edge of Malwa plateau, maximum and minimum height of the region varies between 630
and 472 metres (MSL). Most part of this plateau is dissected with streams and thus the surface is rugged.
The central part is at a higher altitude. Therefore, tract resembles the shape of a cone. It is the originating
place of number of streams draining in all direction. Notable among them are Halali, Bean and Chamari in
north, Kerwa and Kaliasot in the south-western part of the district, which finally sub-merge into
BadaTalab of Bhopal city. Since these streams originate from this area their impact on the topography is
not very significant. The location of Badatal i.e., Bhopal Lake is an important physical feature of this
region. A pocket of Bhopal reserve forest is located in the south western part of the region.

4.2.5. Drainage

The whole District is traversed by numerous nalas and streams which drain the area and denude the
surface during rains but remain mostly dry in the hot weather. the chief source of water supply in district
are dug wells situated mostly close to the streams, and the few tanks that are mainly formed due to
preservation of rain water and the reservoirs resulting from the construction of dams. The perennial
revers like the Parbati, the Kolans, the Kerwa and the Kaliasot are the main sources of water-supply in the
district. The Bhojtal was created by Paramara Raja Bhoj (1005-1055), ruler of Malwa. He established
Bhopal (also named after him) to secure the eastern frontier of his kingdom. The lake was created by
constructing an earthen dam across the Kolans river. The Kolans was formerly a tributary of the Halali
river with the creation of the Bhojtal and a diversion channel, the upper reach of the Kolans River and the
Bhojtal now drain into the Kaliasot river. Bhadbhada dam was constructed in 1965 at the southeast
corner of the Bhojtal. it now controls the outflow to the Kaliasot river. The Lower Lake was created in
1794 by Nawab Chhote Khan, Minister of Nawab Hayath Mohammad Khan, to beautify the city. It is also
contained behind an earthen dam, and drains into the Halali river via the lower reach of the Kolans river,
presently known as the Patra Drain. Both the Kaliasot and Halali rivers are tributaries of the Betba river.
Raja Bhoj (1010-55) constructed Bhimkund reservoir (a very large pool of water) on river Betwa, near
Bhojpur (23 o 6´ N and 77 o 38´ E) – a small village nearly 30 km south of Bhopal and Upper Lake on river
Kolansh (tributary of Betwa) at Kamla park, Bhopal. The number deficit of streams and springs was

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resolved by Kalia – a local Gond chief. He pointed out a missing river, which along with its tributaries,
made up the desired number. The engineers diverted the missing river through a feeder lake (Upper Lake
of Bhopal) to meet the desired number. This missing river is named after Kalia Gond and is known as river
Kaliasot. The present-day water course of river Kaliasot, from Bhadbhda (origin) to village Bilkhiria Khurd
(23o 8´ and 77 o 27´ N), is unchanged.

4.2.6. Climate and Rainfall

The climate is moderate in Bhopal. The summers are hot and winters cold. But it does not face extreme
weather conditions. It rains moderately during rainy season. The weather is pleasant throughout the
year. The district has three clearly distinguishable seasons which divide the year into three more or less
equal parts. They are the summer season, rainy and winter seasons roughly corresponding to March-
May, June-September and November to February periods. The month October however witnesses a
transition from the rainy to the cold weather. The district receives rains from the Arabian Sea monsoon
which commences by early June. July and August are the peak rainy months. The monsoon being almost
over and a noticeable change in weather is observed. December and January are the coldest months,
while November and February are less cold. By March it begins to grow warmer and the summer season
commences from April with May being the hottest month.

4.2.7. Economic Resources

(I) FOREST

Out of total area of 2,77,880 hectares 42,309 hectares of land is forest land. Thus about 15.22 % of total
land is covered under the forest area. The forests of the district may be divided into following types (i)
Dry Deciduous Teak forests. (ii)Fort hill teak forests (iii) Mixed Forests.
(II) DRY DECIDUOUS TEAK FORESTS

This type occupies bulk of the area on the shallow soil and well drained till sides of undulating ground.
This type differs from the foot hill type in the low quality the forest of this type become leafless in winter.
This type is also developed on taterites and rocks of Vindhyan formation.

4.2.8. Foot Hill Teak Forest

It is found on the sheltered lower slables of hill were washed off soil from upper reaches has been
deposited. The forest of Kolar valley is the example of this type of forest.

4.2.9. Mixed Forest

This type occurs in parts of Bhanpur block of Bhopal range. This type of forest occurs mainly in areas
where underlying rock is of Vindhyan formation. Poor quality forest trees are generally stunted. Tiger
could be seen in forest blocks near Samardha, Sankal and Amoni in Bhopal range, wild pig is found in the
ravines with thorny covers, dense forest of almost all types. Nilgai or Blue Bull is generally found in family
parties throughout the district. The forests of the district are southern tropical Dry-Deciduous with Dry
Deciduous Shrub Forests. Except for small patches of teak forests, it is mostly the mixed forest.The
species of trees found in the forests of the district are Teak (Teetonagrandis), dhaora (anogeissus-
latifolia),salai (Baswelliaserrata),Saj(Terminaliatomentosa), Bija (Pterocarpusmarsupium). Mahua
(Madhucaindica). Semal (almeliamalabricum), Haldu (Adina cardifolia), Tendu (Diospyrosmelanoxylon),

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Achar (Buchananialatifolia) etc. Bamboos are also found in small measure in mixed forests. Earlier the
forest was said to be thick and wild life more plentiful. Due to deforestation and indiscriminate shootings,
the wild life has become scarce. Sambhar is found all over the district including lower slopes, chital or axis
deer is found in abundance in the southern ranges but also occurs to a limited extent in the northern
ranges. Wolf, jackal, newra, fox are other wild animals found in the district. In the category of birds
migratory water fowl, geese, pochard mallard, gad wall pintatail widgeon, teal and other bird visited in
the winter season. The resident birds are found generally in and around human dwellings. Amongst them,
house crow is most familiar.

4.2.10. Mines

The chief mines of the district are sand, stones and clay. There are two types of sand i.e. Narmada Sand
and Local sand. The Mineral resources of the district are not of any importance either from the point of
view of Industrial potential or that of commercial.

4.2.11. Land Use

The most parts of the district are either hilly or plains. The district remains chiefly an agricultural district.
The bulk population of district depends on agriculture. In the district different types of soils are found.
The soils are classed locally by their appearance, situation, crop bearing properties etc. There are two
principal classes namely Kalmat (Black) and Bhnawar Of these Kalmat has several varieties and as far as
concerned, it is lightly grey in colour with light sandy in nature. Either of these soils is capable of bearing
both autumn (Kharif) and spring (rabi) crops. There are some more classes ranging from medium to
inferior as far as their crop growing capacity is concerned. Of these, the medium ones are suitable for
growing Wheat, Rice, Vegetables etc and the inferior ones are suitable for growing Jowar, Maize, Kutki,
Rameli, Til etc, the fallows land is classified into two categories namely “current fallows” and “fallows”.
Under the land utilization of district, forest area is 42,309 hectares (15.22%), non-agricultural land 360,73
hectares. Bare unculturable land 33,247 hect, and culturable land 1,726 hect.

4.2.12. Agriculture and Crop pattern

The district economy is basically an agrarian one. The total land utilized under agricultural is 230,140
hect., of which net sown area is 1,51,770 hect. Wheat is grown in 67,395 hect. Paddy is grown in 585
hect. soyabean in 1,03,983 hect. Jowar in 854 hect. Maize in 2,851 hect. In the same manner pulses,
namely, gram in 35,071 hect. tuar in 967 hect. urad in 291 hect. and other pulses in 4,489 hect. In the
district doubled crops area 80,278.

4.2.13. Irrigation

The main sources of irrigation are wells, borewell and tanks. In the district total grown area is 2,32,048
hect. of which 88,434 hect. land is irrigated. In Berasia tahsil irrigation sources and irrigated area are
comparability less than that in Huzurtahsil. In the district government and private canals are 30 through
which 3116 hect. area is irrigated. Total number of borewells are 12,868 wells are 4,683 and tanks are 28.
The total irrigated area by these sources in 30,193 hect., 7,270 hect. and 1828 hect. respectively. In the
district irrigated sown area is 88,434 hect. and non-irrigated area is 1,43,614 hect. In the district irrigated
other source 24,671 hect.

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4.2.14. Animal Husbandry

In the year 2009 out of total 3,19,619 cattle of district had 1,46,754 cow dynasty 1,06,930 buffalo
dynasty. For the treatment of animals there are veterinary hospital, and 12 dispensaries. In Bhopal, one
state animal rearing training institutions and one artificial insemination centre is located.

4.2.15. Industries

Within a remarkably short period, Bhopal, the capital of state has won a place on the industrial map of
country. In the district there are five huge industrial institutions. The huge industrial complex of Bharat
Heavy Electricals with its ancillaries at Govindpura area together with other potential industrial units had
laid the formation of a modern industrial city. Central India flour mills is another such large-scale unit.
One more such industrial institution is Permalivallace ltd. factory which manufactures densified
comprinted and terminated wood plastic used in electrical equipment’s. In Bhopal, registered number of
small-scale industries is 601. Cottage and household industries like handloom weaving, leather goods
making, blacksmith, carpentry, bamboo works etc. are part of household industries. Large portion of
population is engaged in these industries. In the olden times Bhopal state was famous for its Jari industry.
Jari works in the gold or silver embroidery is well known which is done on the hand bags or purses of
ladies, saries, ghagra, kurtas, blouse pieces, curtains etc. While the most famous jari artisan of Bhopal is
the Batwa.

4.2.16. Transport

Bhopal, being the capital of state the district, has adequate transport and communication facilities. Raja
Bhoj aerodrome is situated near Bairagarh sub area. It has been linked by air with Bombay, Indore.
Gwalior-and Delhi. It is also on the route map of Indian Airlines while testing commercial viability to other
destinations including, Ahemadabad, Nagpur, Bangalore etc. The district is well connected by railways;
Bhopal and Habibganj being the main Railway stations of Western Central Railway. All south bound trains
i.e. Delhi-Chennai, Delhi-Trivendrum, Delhi-Banglore, Delhi-Hyderabad etc pass through Bhopal. The
National Highway no. 12 (Jaipur-Jabalpur) passes through Bhopal and through State Highway no. 18
(Bhopal-Dewas-Indore). Bhopal is also connected (through Dewas) with the National Highway No.3 (Agra-
Bombay road).

4.2.17. Education

The type of different educational facilities available in the village is given in numbers. Both Government
and private educational facilities / institutions are considered for this-purpose. If there are composite
schools like Middle schools with Primary classes, or Secondary schools with middle classes, these are
included in the number of Primary and Middle schools respectively. For example, if in a village there are
two Primary schools and one Middle school with primary classes, the number of Primary schools in the
village are given as three and that of Middle school as one even though there may be only three
educational institutions. So also, in case of Secondary schools. For better understanding, the
distinctiveness of different types of schools is depicted hereunder.

► PRE-PRIMARY (PP):

Now-a-days, the children are sent to schools at a very early stage. Lot of pre-primary schools, private
schools in particular, have come up in villages and towns. These may or may not be recognized by the
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competent authorities. Even many Secondary schools have classes starting from preprimary level. Pre-
primary classes include Nursery, K.G., Pre-basic, Play school, etc.

► PRIMARY SCHOOL (P): Schools providing education from Standard I and upward up to and inclusive of
Standard V are classified as Primary Schools.

► MIDDLE SCHOOL (M):

Schools providing education from Standard VI and upward up to and inclusive of Standard VIII are
classified as Middle Schools. A School with Class I to VIII is treated as two units, i.e. one Primary School
and one Middle School.

► SECONDARY SCHOOL (S):

Schools providing education from Standard IX and upwards up to and inclusive of Standard X are
classified as Secondary Schools. A composite school with I to X standard is treated as three separate units
and counted separately under the categories of Primary School, Middle School and Secondary School.

► SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (SS):

Schools and colleges that provide education for Standards XI and XII and first and second year of the Pre-
University Course fall under this category. There are Senior Secondary Schools with Standard I and
upwards up to Standard XII.

► DEGREE COLLEGE:

(I) ARTS/SCIENCE/COMMERCE:

These are all educational institutions that provide post-PUC level education leading to university
degree/diploma in any subject or combination of subjects and also post-graduate levels of education. The
college offering courses in Arts, Science or Commerce either separately or in combination are covered
under this category.

(II) ENGINEERING COLLEGE (E): It is a graduate/post-graduate degree college providing Bachelor of

Engineering (BE) or Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.) or post-graduate engineering degrees like MTech.

(III) MEDICAL COLLEGES: These are graduate/post-graduate degree colleges providing MBBS or
equivalent degree in alternative medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy etc. or post-graduate
medical degrees like M.D or equivalent in the above branches of medicine.

(IV) MANAGEMENT COLLEGE/ INSTITUTE (MI): It offers courses like Diploma in Management, Post-
Graduate Diploma in Management, Masters of Business Administration (MBA) and specializations in
different disciplines of Management like Marketing, Human Resources Development (HRD) etc.

(V) POLYTECHNIC (PT): An Institution providing certificate/diploma (not equivalent to degree) in any
technical subject like engineering, vocational courses like embroidery, fashion designing etc. It may be
both Government and Private.

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 Final Detailed Project Report
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(VI) VOCATIONAL SCHOOL/ITI: It is a vocational training institute imparting trainings in specific fields
acquiring necessary skill, which will make the trainees employable or create them opportunities of self-
employment. Trainings offered by Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) fall under this category.

(VII) NON-FORMAL EDUCATION/TRAINING CENTRE (NFTC): Non-vocational education centers, established

by the Central and State Governments provide educational facilities to the interested persons irrespective
of educational qualification, and age. These education centers are open to all.

(VIII) SPECIAL SCHOOL FOR DISABLED: There are Government and Government recognized
institutions/organizations engaged for providing education to different groups of disabled persons.

4.2.18. Electricity/Power

If power is actually available, whatever may be the form of its use, it is indicated affirmative. If the village
is having electricity for domestic purposes and the residents are using the same for domestic use, then it
is considered that domestic power supply is available. If the electricity authority has not given domestic
supply to the households on their request and people are using unauthorized electricity either by
stealthily or misuse the supply meant for agricultural or industrial purposes, then it is not considered as
availability of electricity for domestic purposes. However, if the village goes out of power due to
temporary technical problems such as, transformer failures, theft of electrical equipment, etc., it is
considered that electricity is available. Supply of electricity is considered available even when there is a
temporary ban on new domestic connections. Connections to residential houses, bungalows, clubs,
hostels and hospitals run on non-commercial basis, charitable, educational and religious institutions are
included in the domestic category.

4.3. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Section I: Bhopal

Population

The section I: Ayodhya Bypass and Ratnagiri to Adampur Section of the project falls in the One districts
of Madhya Pradesh state, namely, Bhopal. About 3.26% of the total population of Madhya Pradesh will
be benefited from the implementation of the project. Details of the same are given below in the Table 4-
1.

Table 4-1: Affected Population

Name of Districts/State Population 2011 Percentage
Bhopal 2371061 3.26
Madhya Pradesh 72626809
Source: PCA, Census of India 2011

4.3.1. Population Density

Population density of the affected district and state varies considerably as per the census data of 2011.
The density of Bhopal (855 persons/ sq. km) is higher than the density of the state (236 persons/ sq. km)
The detail of the density of the project districts and the state is given below in Table 4-2.

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Table 4-2: Population Density of the Affected District

Density/km2
Name of Districts/State
2001 2011
Bhopal 665 855
Madhya Pradesh 196 236
Source: PCA, Census of India 2011

4.3.2. Rural and Urban population

The urban population of Bhopal is (2.04%) and the rural population of (0.18 %) The details of rural and
urban population of the project affected districts are given below in the Table 4-3.

Table 4-3: Percentage of Urban and Rural Population of the Affected District
Name of
Urban Population Percentage Rural Population Percentage
Districts/State
Bhopal 408747 2.04 93058 0.18
Madhya Pradesh 20069405 27.63 52557404 72.37
Source: Census of India 2011

4.3.3. Sex-ratio

Sex ratio of the influenced district presents as light increase as compare to that of State. Sex-ratio of
Madhya Pradesh is 913 females per thousand males whereas in the project affected districts, it is 1001.1
as detailed in Table 4-4.

Table 4-4: Sex-ratio in the State and Project District

Sex Ratio
Name of Districts/State
2001 2011
Bhopal 895 918
Madhya Pradesh 919 913
Source: Census of India 2011

4.3.4. Vulnerable Population

As per the ADB policy, people belonging to Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes, physically handicapped,
women headed household, families below Poverty line, disabled persons, and destitute persons are to be
considered as vulnerable population.

The census data, 2011 reveals that the scheduled caste (SC) population of the project districts ( 0.49%) is
lower than the SC population of Madhya Pradesh state (15.62%). In case of Scheduled tribe (ST)
population also the project districts (0.10%) have lower scheduled tribe population than the state
(21.09%) as detailed in below Table 4-5.

Table 4-5: Total Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe

Name of % SC to Total % ST to Total
SC ST
Districts/State Population Population
Bhopal 357516 0.49 69429 0.10
Madhya Pradesh 11342320 15.62 15316784 21.09
Source: PCA, Census of India 2011

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 Final Detailed Project Report
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for
Development of Economic Corridors, Inter Corridors, Feeder Routes and
Coastal Roads to improve efficiency of Freight Movement in India
(Lot1/Madhya Pradesh/Package-1) -Ashram Tiraha to Ratnagiri Tiraha

4.4. THE SOCIAL SERVICES

4.4.1. Literacy and Education

Literacy rate of the influenced districts is 80.4 % which is slightly less than the literacy rate of Madhya
Pradesh (70.6%). Literacy rate of specific project districts is presented below in Table 4-6.

Table 4-6: Literacy Rate

Sex Ratio
Name of Districts/State
2001 2011
Bhopal 74.6 80.4
Madhya Pradesh 63.7 70.6
Source: Census of India 2011

4.5. ECONOMIC FEATURES

4.5.1. Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-workers

Main workers (Employment or earning for more than 6 Months) constituted about 0.97 percent of the
total population in project corridor. Details of the workers in the project affected districts id given in the
Table 4-7 shown below.

Table 4-7: Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-workers

Name of Main Workers Marginal workers Non-workers
Districts/State No. Percentage (%) No. Percentage (%) No. Percentage (%)
Bhopal 706036 0.97 161421 0.22 1503604 2.07
Madhya Pradesh 22702119 31.26 8872014 12.22 41052676 56.53

Source: PCA, Census of India 2011

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