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MATHS

Class 12th

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Gagan Gulliya
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MATHS

Class 12th

Uploaded by

Gagan Gulliya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

MANAVA BHARTI

INDIAN
INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL
GAGAN GULLIYA
XII-A

Chronology of Indian Mathematicians and Their Achievements


Maths project class-xii
Introducti
on
India has a long and
distinguished history of
contributions to mathematics,
with mathematicians from
ancient times to the modern era
shaping the development of the
field. Indian mathematicians
have made groundbreaking
contributions in areas such as
algebra, geometry, number
theory, calculus, and
trigonometry, which have
influenced mathematics
worldwide. This project explores
the chronology of important
Indian mathematicians and their
key achievements, offering
insights into their work and its
lasting impact.

Ancient Indian
Mathematicians
1.1 Baudhayana (c. 800 BCE - c. 500 BCE)

Major Contribution: Baudhayana is known for


his early use of the Pythagorean Theorem in his
work "Baudhayana Sulba Sutra." His theorem
describes the relationship between the sides of a
right-angled triangle, which is essentially the
Pythagorean Theorem.

Achievement: Baudhayana's work in geometry,


particularly in the construction of altars, reveals
an early understanding of geometric principles.

1.2 Aryabhata (476 CE - 550 CE)


Major Contribution: Aryabhata was one of the
first to propose that the Earth rotates on its axis
and that the moon shines by reflecting sunlight.

Achievement: His book Aryabhatiya contains


his work on algebra, trigonometry, and the
approximation of π. He approximated the value
of π as 3.1416 and made significant
contributions to the understanding of zero and
place value systems in arithmetic.

1.3 Brahmagupta (598 CE - 668 CE)

Major Contribution: Brahmagupta is credited


with formalizing the rules of arithmetic for zero
and negative numbers.

Achievement: In his book


Brahmasphutasiddhanta, he provided methods
for solving quadratic equations and rules for
working with zero, which was revolutionary in
Indian mathematics and influenced later
mathematicians worldwide.
1.4 Bhaskara I (600 CE - 680 CE)

Major Contribution: Bhaskara I was an


important early follower of Aryabhata and
worked extensively on the value of sine.

Achievement: He worked on trigonometric


functions and gave precise approximations for
sine values, contributing to the development of
trigonometry.

1.5 Bhaskara II (1114 CE - 1185 CE)

Major Contribution: Bhaskara II, also known


as Bhaskaracharya, was a mathematician and
astronomer who wrote Lilavati and Bijaganita,
which dealt with arithmetic, algebra, and
geometry.

Achievement: His work on the concept of


calculus was ahead of its time, with Bhaskara II
discovering methods that resemble differential
calculus, predating Western mathematicians like
Newton and Leibniz.
Medieval and Early
Modern Indian
Mathematicians
2.1 Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1340 - c. 1425)

Major Contribution: Madhava is considered


the founder of the Kerala School of Mathematics.
His work on infinite series for trigonometric
functions was groundbreaking.

Achievement: He developed series for


calculating sine, cosine, and arctangent, which
later laid the groundwork for the development of
calculus.

2.2 Nilakantha (c. 1444 - 1544)

Major Contribution: Nilakantha refined


Madhava's work on infinite series and made
further advancements in the understanding of π.

Achievement: He developed the Nilakantha


series for calculating π, which provided a more
accurate value than previous methods.

Modern Indian
Mathematicians
3.1 Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887 - 1920)

Major Contribution: Ramanujan is regarded as


one of the most brilliant mathematicians of all
time. His work in number theory, infinite series,
and partitions has had a lasting impact.

Achievement: Ramanujan developed the


Ramanujan-Hardy number 1729, contributed to
the theory of partitions, and made profound
discoveries in continued fractions and modular
forms. His work on infinite series and the
partition function was groundbreaking.

3.2 C. R. Rao (1920 - Present)

Major Contribution: C. R. Rao is an eminent


statistician who made significant contributions
to the theory of estimation in statistics.

Achievement: His development of the Cramer-


Rao inequality and the Rao-Blackwell theorem
has had widespread applications in statistics,
engineering, and economics.

3.3 Harish-Chandra (1923 - 1983)

Major Contribution: Harish-Chandra was a


mathematician and physicist who worked on
representation theory, which has applications in
quantum mechanics and particle physics.

Achievement: His work in the representation


theory of Lie groups has had a lasting impact on
mathematics and physics, especially in the study
of symmetries in quantum mechanics.
3.4 Manjul Bhargava (1974 - Present)

Major Contribution: Manjul Bhargava is


known for his work in algebraic number theory,
particularly his generalization of the classical
Gauss composition law.

Achievement: Bhargava won the Fields Medal


in 2014 for his contributions to algebraic
geometry and number theory, which have led to
significant advancements in understanding

algebraic equations and their solutions.

Contributions to
Mathematics by Indian
Mathematicians

Zero and Place Value System: Indian


mathematicians introduced the concept of zero as a
number and a placeholder in the place value system,
which revolutionized mathematics. Aryabhata's work
laid the foundation for the modern number system.
Algebra: Indian mathematicians like Brahmagupta
and Bhaskara II made important contributions to
algebra, including solving quadratic equations and
working with negative numbers.

Trigonometry: Madhava and Nilakantha developed


the first infinite series for trigonometric functions,
which were crucial for the development of calculus.

Calculus: Bhaskara II’s work on differential calculus


predates the work of Newton and Leibniz. The Kerala
School’s contributions to infinite series and their
application in calculus were significant.

Number Theory: Ramanujan’s work in number


theory, particularly in partition theory and modular
forms, has continued to influence modern
mathematics.

Conclusion
Indian mathematicians have made
extraordinary contributions to the
field of mathematics over millennia.
From the ancient use of the
Pythagorean Theorem by
Baudhayana to the modern work of
mathematicians like Ramanujan and
Bhargava, Indian mathematicians
have shaped the development of
mathematical ideas that continue
to influence global mathematical
practices. Their contributions in
algebra, number theory,
trigonometry, and calculus laid the
foundation for many of the
mathematical techniques we use
today.
The legacy of Indian
mathematicians, rich in innovation
and creativity, is a testament to the
country’s profound impact on the
field of mathematics. This legacy
continues to inspire future
generations of mathematicians
around the world.
Acknowledgme
nt

I would like to express my sincere


gratitude to my teacher, Mr
Harinath thakur, for their
guidance and support throughout
the completion of this project. I
also thank my family and friends
for their encouragement. Finally,
I appreciate the authors and
researchers whose work helped
shape this project.
Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that


Gagan gulliya
has successfully completed the
project titled
"Chronology of Indian
Mathematicians and Their
Achievements"
for the Class 12th Board
Examination under the guidance of
Mr Harinath thakur

Date:
Signature of Teacher:
Signature of Student:
School Name:

Index
1. Introduction (pg. 1)

2. Ancient Indian mathematician


(pg. 2-4)

3. Medieval and early modern


Indian mathematicians (pg. 5)

4. Modern Indian mathematician


(pg. 6-7)

5. Contribution to mathematics by
Indian mathematician (pg. 8)
6. Conclusion (pg. 9)

7. Bibliography (pg. 10)

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