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CHAPTER 2b

PST SHP2b

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Nur azwani
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13 views

CHAPTER 2b

PST SHP2b

Uploaded by

Nur azwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

PST221

CONCENTRATION
METHODS
1. Check latex during reception.

Field latex is ammoniated at 0.7% w/w on latex.

2. For high magnesium latex.

• Add phosphate in order to precipitate Mg out as


sludge.

3. Addition of creaming agent.

• Ammonium alginate.
Portion 1
a) Take out 12% of the latex
from the bulk.
b) Add ammonium alginate at
0.10% w/w on total crop
DRC.
MASTER-BATCH
PROCESS Portion 2
a) Take out 6% of the latex from
the bulk.
b) Treated with a 70%
ammonium oleate at 0.05%
w/w on total crop

4
4. Add portion 1 and 2 to the bulk latex.

Stirred for 2 hours for complete mixing

5. Bulk latex is then clarified (using centrifuge) or by


filtering

to remove phosphate sludge.

6. Ammonia level is again adjusted to

0.7% w/w on latex.

7. Bulk latex is heated

by live steam to 40°C to optimize the creaming process

8. Bulk latex is allowed to stand in the main creaming tank

for 20 hours.
9. After 20 hours,

40% of the bulk latex is drained off (skim latex, it contains 2% DRC).
Carry out quality control test on skim latex. VFA and TSC.

10. Second days crop ( latex received on the second day).

It is treated in the same way and pumped into the same creaming tank (step 1 to
8 are repeated).

11. The two crops are allowed to cream together.

12. 40% of the second day’s volume is removed after 20


hours of creaming.

13. This process is continued for 8 to 10 days until the


creaming tank is full of 60% of the total crop over the period.
14. The cream latex now
contains of about 50%
DRC.

15. The bulk is left


undisturbed for 3 weeks to
complete creaming.

16. After this remove, 30%


of latex from this bulk. This
skim latex contains about
4% DRC.

17. The original cream


latex contains about 66-
Latex separation after 168hour 68% DRC.

7
18. Since the main creaming tank has a large diameter, a
diffused fraction will occur.

60%
Cream 67% DRC
Diffused Fraction
10%
30% Skim 4%DRC

Fraction between the skim and concentrate latex. This


diffused is run off separately into a narrow funnel bottom
secondary creaming tank and it is allowed to cream for 2
weeks .
8
19. After 2 weeks, 40% of the skim latex is removed. The
cream latex id added to the main bulk in the storage tank.
Stirred for 1-2 days to ensure homogeneity
20. The main bulk of the cream latex (latex concentrate) is
treated as step 19.
21. Alternative method to process diffused fraction

Skim latex recovery


▪ Add ammonium alginate
▪ Creaming
▪ Coagulation & process into a pale crepe
This is about 2-3% of the original crop

9
Higher DRC (compare to Smaller rubber particle TSC – DRC difference is
centrifuge latex) size slightly smaller

KOH and VFA is better MST is very good (high)

10
Advantages Disadvantages
Simple and easy to operate Slow operating process
Labour costs are low Sensitivity to variations in field latex

Aim for the Inevitability


Low operating cost & energy
consumption moon. after creaming during
storage and transportation

If you miss, you may hit a


Environment friendly

star.
Proportion of rubber lost in the
skim is small

W. Clement Stone 11
CONCENTRATION METHODS
Latex is fed into the top of heated vertical tube by a side inlet.

A central rotor with blades throws the latex against the walls of the
tube.

Latex spirals downwards, water will evaporate.

Vapour is drawn out of the top of the tube.

The clearance between the blades and the tube wall is only about
1mm, so that only a thin turbulent layer of latex is in contact with the
wall.
The evaporation time is no more than about 20sec, to reduce the
possibility of degradation.

The concentrate from the bottom of the tube is preserved with


potassium hydroxide.

13
Latex contains essentially all
Full range of particle size Efficiency is virtually 100%
its original non rubbers.

Excellent stability & Uses: carpet backing, binder


permeation properties in road surfaces, latex thread

14
Advantages Disadvantages

High rubber and non The stability of the final latex is


rubber content not good as centrifuged latex

Not suitable for manufacturing


rubber articles which require
less rubber content

15
Advantages Disadvantages
Simple and easy to operate Slow operating process
Labour costs are low Sensitivity to variations in field latex
Low operating cost & energy Inevitability after creaming during
consumption storage and transportation
Good, better, best.
Environment friendly
Never let it rest.
Proportion of rubber lost in the
skim is small

‘Til your good is better and your


better is best.

16
St. Jerome

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