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Computer Architecture

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Nazam Azam
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6 views

Computer Architecture

Uploaded by

Nazam Azam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT TOPIC DIFFERENCE B/W CISC

AND RISC

ROLL NO
21305/411705

CLASS BSCS 4TH


SEM

COURSE CODE CSI-406

COURSE TITLE COMPUTER


ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED TO MA‘AM
SEERAT

SUBMITTED BY M. NAZIM
AZAM

GOVT. POST GRADUATE COLLEGE


SAMNABAD ,FAISALABAD
DIFFERENCE B/W CISC & RISC

Introduction:
The Internet Protocol (IP) serves as the foundation for internet
communication, with IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6
(Internet Protocol version 6) being the two primary versions. While IPv4
has been the longstanding protocol, IPv6 offers notable improvements
to overcome the limitations of its predecessor. In this article, we will
explore the significant distinctions between IPv4 and IPv6, highlighting
the benefits of the newer protocol.

1. Addressing Scheme:

IPv4: IPv4 employs a 32-bit addressing scheme, resulting in around 4.3


billion unique IP addresses. However, the rapid growth of internet-
connected devices has exhausted the availability of IPv4 addresses,
necessitating the use of techniques like network address translation
(NAT) for address reuse.

IPv6: In contrast, IPv6 introduces a 128-bit addressing scheme, providing


an astronomically large address space of approximately 3.4 x 10^38
unique addresses. This vast pool of addresses ensures seamless
connectivity for an ever-expanding array of devices, eliminating the need
for NAT and enabling direct end-to-end communication.

2. Header Structure:

IPv4: The header structure of IPv4 consists of 20 bytes and offers limited
room for options. It contains fields for source and destination IP
addresses, packet identification, time-to-live (TTL), and protocol
information. Although IPv4 headers are relatively simple, this simplicity
compromises flexibility and extensibility.

IPv6: IPv6 employs a more intricate header structure, utilizing 40 bytes.


It incorporates advanced features such as flow labeling, support for
jumbo payloads, and extension headers to accommodate future
protocol extensions. The larger header size enables more efficient
routing and enhanced security features.
3. Security and Mobility:

IPv4: Security measures in IPv4 rely on additional protocols like Internet


Protocol Security (IPSec) to provide data encryption, integrity, and
authentication. Mobile devices and roaming scenarios are addressed
through technologies such as Mobile IP or virtual private networks
(VPNs).

IPv6: IPv6 integrates IPSec as an integral part of the protocol suite,


ensuring end-to-end security without the need for supplementary
overhead. Additionally, IPv6 natively supports mobile devices and
seamless mobility, simplifying connectivity maintenance as devices
transition between networks.

4. Support for New Technologies:

IPv4: Being an older protocol, IPv4 lacks built-in support for emerging
technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine
communication, and other innovative applications. Workarounds and
adaptations are necessary to integrate these technologies into an IPv4
infrastructure.

IPv6: Designed with future scalability in mind, IPv6 seamlessly integrates


new technologies. Its extensive address space facilitates the seamless
connection of countless IoT devices, supporting the growth of smart
cities, autonomous vehicles, and advanced communication networks.

Table: IPv4 vs. IPv6 Comparison

| Aspect | IPv4 | IPv6


| Addressing Scheme | 32-bit | 128-bit
| Header Structure | 20 bytes | 40 bytes
| Security | Relies on protocols | Integrated IPSec support
| Mobility Support | Requires protocols | Native support for mobile devices
| Support for
New Technologies | Lacks native support | Seamless integration of new
technologies
Conclusion:

While IPv4 has long served as the backbone of the internet, the transition
to IPv6 has become increasingly necessary to accommodate the
expanding digital landscape. IPv6 addresses the limitations of IPv4 by
offering a larger address space, enhanced security, improved mobility
support, and compatibility with emerging technologies. By embracing
IPv6, organizations and internet service providers (ISPs) pave the way for
arobust and sustainable internet infrastructure, fostering continued growth
and innovation in the interconnected world.

Note: The table figures have been included in the rewritten article to
provide a concise and visually appealing comparison between IPv4 and
IPv6.

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