Question 1

A recent study tracked the number of bee species present in twenty-seven New York apple orchards over a
ten-year
period. found that when wild growth near an orchard was cleared, the number of different bee
species visiting the orchard decreased.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Entomologist Heather Grab:

B. Entomologist, Heather Grab,

C. Entomologist Heather Grab

D.Entomologist Heather Grab,

Question 2

The Limón technique, developed by Mexican-born dancer and choreographer Jose Limón, is known for
its emphasis on breath control and its interplay of weight and dancers may explore, for example,
the moment of mid-air suspension at the top of a jump.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. weightlessness

B. weightlessness which

C. weightlessness,

D.weightlessness;

Question 3
The haiku-like poems of Tomas Tranströmer, which present nature- and dream-influenced images in crisp,
spare language, have earned the Swedish poet praise from leading contemporary them Nigerian
American essayist and novelist Teju Cole, who has written that Tranströmer’s works “contain a luminous
simplicity.”

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. writers. Among

B. writers among

C. writers; among

D.writers, among

Question 4
Roughly 300 nights a year, when the cold air descending from the Andes Mountains meets the warm air
rising from
Venezuela’s coastal Lake Maracaibo, the result is a spectacular lightning storm, its strikes so bright, so
localized, and so
that it has become known as “Maracaibo’s Lighthouse.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. dependable:

B. dependable;

C. dependable

D.dependable,

Question 5
Jamaican British artist Willard Wigan is known for his remarkable so small that they are best viewed
through a microscope, Wigan’s sculptures are made from tiny natural materials, such as spiderweb
strands.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. microsculptures creations

B. microsculptures, creations

C. microsculptures. Creations

D.microsculptures and creation

Question 6
To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpré
offered storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon celebrated el Día de los Tres Reyes
Magos, an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. practice, at the time

B. practice at the time;

C. practice, at the time,

D.practice at the time,

Question 7
Using natural debris, such as dried such as plastic bags; and more traditional art supplies, such as tree
glue, Ghanaian artist Ed Franklin Gavua creates his striking Yiiiiikakaii African masks, which he hopes can
help viewers rethink how waste is used in their communities.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. leaves, man-made trash:

B. leaves; man-made trash,

C. leaves, man-made trash,

D.leaves; man-made trash;

Question 8
In the 1950s, novel audio technologies allowed the addition of another instrument to jazz and swing relatively
quiet instrument, its full range of sound was finally audible alongside the blaring brass instruments of
the time, allowing flautists like Bennie Maupin and Bobbi Humphrey to perform with other jazz greats.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. music, the flute, a

B. music. The flute, a

C. music; the flute, a

D.music: the flute. A

Question 9

On March 23, 2021, a gust of wind wreaked havoc on global trade. Ever Given, an international shipping
container vessel, became lodged in Egypt’s Suez Canal, a major shipping route between Europe and
Asia. The vessel took six days to
it’s as heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully loaded.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. dislodge in part due to its sheer size,

B. dislodge, in part due to its sheer size:

C. dislodge, in part due to its sheer size,

D.dislodge, in part, due to its sheer size

Question 10
In addition to advocating for South America’s independence in two political treatises, the Cartagena
Manifesto and the
Letter from Jamaica, Simón Bolívar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating three South
American territories
—New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and Quito (present-day from colonial
rule.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Ecuador,)

B. Ecuador)

C. Ecuador),

D.Ecuador)

Question 11
In a 2016 study, Eastern Washington University psychologist Amani El-Alayli found that, among the study
participants who experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the
chills) while listening to music, there was one personality trait that they scored particularly
openness to experience.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. high. On

B. high on;

C. high on

D.high on:

Question 12
On July 23, 1854, a clipper ship called the Flying Cloud entered San Francisco left New York Harbor under
the
guidance of Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy and his wife, navigator Eleanor Creesy, a mere 89 days and 8
hours earlier, the celebrated ship set a record that would stand for 135 years.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Bay and having

B. Bay. Having

C. Bay, having

D.Bay havin

Question 13

When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around
minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of
Tampere University in Finland used the chemical to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher
strain than silicate glass can before fracturing.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. compound, aluminum oxide

B. compound aluminum oxide,

C. compound, aluminum oxide,

D.compound aluminum oxide

Question 14

In 1986, conceptual artist Sophie Calle asked twenty-three people, all of whom had been born without
sight, to describe “their image of beauty” in rich detail. Calle paired excerpts of these conversations
with photographs—both of interviewees and the items they to powerful effect in her exhibition
The Blind.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. described, from hair to grass to sculptures

B. described, from hair to grass to sculptures—

C. described—from hair to grass to sculptures,

D.described: from hair to grass to sculptures

Question 15

In 2018, a team of researchers led by Dr. Caitlin Whalen compiled every available measurement of
ocean mixing rates from the past two decades. With this novel data set, the team was able to
determine how current-driven mixing varies across and what impact it has on the distribution of heat
and nutrients in the ocean.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. regions,

B. regions:

C. regions;

D.regions

Question 16

Researcher Lin Zhi developed a process for increasing the tensile strength—measured in
gigapascals, or GPa—of silkworm dissolving and reweaving the silk in a solution of iron metal
ions, zinc, and sugar, Zhi increased the amount of force required to stretch it from approximately
0.5 GPa to 2 GPa.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. silk, by

B. silk by

C. silk and by

D.silk. By

Question 17

In discussing Mary Shelley’s 1818 epistolary novel Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs
the reader’s attention to the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the
protagonist of Shelley’s as
the recipient of the letters that frame the book’s narrative, she’s the “occasion” of it.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. novel

B. novel,
C. novel; rather,

D.novel, rather,

Question 18
Over twenty years ago, in a landmark experiment in the psychology of choice, professor Sheena
Iyengar set up a jam- tasting booth at a grocery store. The number of jams available for tasting
some shoppers had twenty-four
different options, others only six. Interestingly, the shoppers with fewer jams to choose from
purchased more jam.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. varied:

B. varied,

C. varied, while

D.varied while

Question 19
On sunny days, dark rooftops absorb solar energy and convert it to unwanted heat, raising the
surrounding air a
light-colored covering to an existing dark roof, either by attaching prefabricated reflective sheets or
spraying on a paint- like coating, helps combat this effect.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. temperature; by adding

B. temperature, adding

C. temperature. Adding

D.temperature by adding
Question 20

Butterfly is a 1988 painting by the Japanese artist Ay-O. Like many of Ay-O’s paintings, Butterfly, which
portrays a swimmer performing the butterfly stroke, attempts to make use of the entire visual light
sporting rainbow-
striped goggles, the rainbow-hued swimmer splashes through a wavy rainbow of water.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. spectrum

B. spectrum:

C. spectrum while

D.spectrum, while

Question 21
Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review board tasked with adding new sites to the Hawai‘i Register of
Historic
Places, which includes Pi‘ilanihale Heiau and the ‘Ōpaeka‘a Road Bridge. Okinaka doesn’t make such
decisions

all historical designations must be approved by a group of nine other experts from the fields of
architecture, archaeology, history, and Hawaiian culture.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. single-handedly, however;

B. single-handedly; however,

C. single-handedly, however,

D.single-handedly however

Question 22
On November 2, 1772, amid rising tensions with Great Britain, Boston colonists formed the Boston
Committee of
Correspondence. By 1774, what had started as a local means of mobilizing support for the Patriot cause
had grown into something far more network of such committees that, facilitating communication
among the colonies, helped lay the groundwork for the Continental Congress.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. extensive: a

B. extensive; a

C. extensive, it was a

D.extensive. A

Question 23
Using satellite remote sensing, Dr. Catherine Nakalembe, director of NASA’s Harvest Africa initiative,
gathers important data on crop health. Nakalembe doesn’t just compile the she also shares her
findings with African farmers,
enabling them to make data-driven decisions about managing critical food crops.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. information, though;

B. information, though,

C. information; though

D.information though,

Question 24
From afar, African American fiber artist Bisa Butler’s portraits look like paintings, their depictions of
human faces, bodies, and clothing so intricate that it seems only a fine brush could have rendered them.
When viewed up close, however, the
portraits reveal themselves to be stitching barely visible among the thousands of pieces of printed,
microcut fabric.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. quilts, and the

B. quilts, the

C. quilts; the

D.quilts. The

Question 25
In paleontology, the term “Elvis taxon” gets applied to a newly identified living species that was once
presumed to be
extinct. Like an Elvis impersonator who might bear a striking resemblance to the late musical icon Elvis
Presley himself, an Elvis taxon is not the real thing, is a misidentified look-alike.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. however but it

B. however it

C. however, it

D.however. It

Question 26
The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway and the Jardim Botânico of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are two of
many
botanical gardens around the world dedicated to growing diverse plant fostering scientific research; and
educating the public about plant conservation.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. species, both native and nonnative,

B. species, both native and nonnative;

C. species; both native and nonnative,

D.species both native and nonnative,

Question 27
In 1955, Indian Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray released his first movie, Pather quiet black-and-white
drama about a family in rural India, Ray’s film was quite different from the loud, colorful action-romance
movies that were popular at the time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Panchali a

B. Panchali, which was a

C. Panchali, a

D.Panchali. A

Question 28
A study published by Rice University geoscientist Ming Tang in 2019 offers a new explanation for the origin
of Earth’s
structures called arcs, towering ridges that form when a dense oceanic plate subducts under
a less dense continental plate, melts in the mantle below, and then rises and bursts through the
continental crust above.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. continents geological

B. continents: geological

C. continents; geological

D.continents. Geological

Question 29

The Tantaquidgeon Museum in Uncasville, Connecticut, was founded in 1931 with the goal of showcasing
the culture and history of the Mohegan today, nearly a century later, it is the oldest Native-owned
and -operated museum in the country.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Tribe, and

B. Tribe

C. Tribe and

D.Tribe,

Question 30

For thousands of years, humans have used domesticated goats (Capra hircus) to clear land of unwanted
vegetation. When it comes to their diets, goats are notoriously they will devour all kinds of shrubs and
weeds, leaving virtually no part of any plant unconsumed.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. indiscriminate and

B. indiscriminate,
C. indiscriminate

D.indiscriminate:

Question 31
The poem Beowulf begins with the word “hwæt,” which is an Old English as “hark!” or “listen!” in some
versions, the word was playfully rendered as “bro!” by Maria Dahvana Headley in her 2020 translation of
the poem.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. exclamation, translated

B. exclamation and translated

C. exclamation translated

D.exclamation. Translated

Question 32

Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta’s celebrated literary oeuvre includes The Joys of Motherhood, a novel
about the changing roles of women in 1950s a television play about the private struggles of a
newlywed couple in Nigeria; and Head Above Water, her autobiography.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Lagos, A Kind of Marriage,

B. Lagos; A Kind of Marriage,

C. Lagos, A Kind of Marriage:

D.Lagos; A Kind of Marriage

Question 33

Long attributed to Jacques-Louis David, the preeminent Neoclassical painter of his day, the 1801 painting
Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d’Ognes gained fresh attention in the 1990s when art historians discovered
that the painting— which depicts a solitary young woman sketching—was actually the work of little-known
French portrait Marie-
Denise Villers (1774–1821).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. artist—

B. artist

C. artist:

D.artist,
Question 34

In 1943, in the midst of World War II, mathematics professor Grace Hopper was recruited by the US
military to help the war effort by solving complex equations. Hopper’s subsequent career would involve
more than just as a
pioneering computer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. equations, though:

B. equations, though,

C. equations. Though,

D.equations though

Question 35
Hegra is an archaeological site in present-day Saudi Arabia and was the second largest city of the Nabataean
Kingdom
(fourth century BCE to first century CE). Archaeologist Laila Nehmé recently traveled to Hegra to study its
ancient
into the rocky outcrops of a vast desert, these burial chambers seem to blend seamlessly with nature.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. tombs. Built

B. tombs, built

C. tombs and built

D.tombs built

Question 36

American writer Edwidge Danticat, who emigrated from Haiti in 1981, has won acclaim for her powerful
short stories, novels, andher lyrical yet unflinching depictions of her native country’s turbulent history,
writer Robert Antoni has compared Danticat to Nobel Prize–winning novelist Toni Morrison.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. essays, praising

B. essays and praising

C. essays praising

D.essays. Praising

Question 37

Consider the mechanics of the pinhole camera: light passes through a small hole, resulting in a focused
projected image. A ray diagram reveals how this the hole’s small size restricts light to a single ray, all
light passing through the hole can only arrive at a single destination, eliminating diffraction and ensuring
a clear image.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. works because

B. works. Because

C. works, it’s because

D.works: it’s because

Question 38

The field of geological oceanography owes much to American Marie Tharp, a pioneering
oceanographic cartographer whose detailed topographical maps of the ocean floor and its multiple rift
valleys helped garner acceptance for the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. geologist,

B. geologist

C. geologist;

D.geologist:

Question 39

In crafting her fantasy fiction, Nigerian-born British author Helen Oyeyemi has drawn inspiration from
the classic nineteenth-century fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Her 2014 novel Boy, Snow, Bird, for
instance, is a complex retelling of the story of Snow White, while her 2019 novel offers a delicious twist
on the classic tale of Hansel and Gretel.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Gingerbread—

B. Gingerbread,

C. Gingerbread

D.Gingerbread:

Question 40

Quantum particles of light—photons—provide an unhackable means of transmitting encryption keys

over networks, as attempts to observe particles in quantum states will invariably alter the particles
dismantle any information
they transmit.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. and in the process,

B. and, in the process,

C. and in the process—

D.and, in the process

Question 41

The city of Amsterdam partnered with consultants to develop Public Eye—an ethical AI-powered crowd-
monitoring
video streamed from cameras in heavily touristed areas, the AI algorithm determines crowd sizes without,
in the interest of protecting individuals’ privacy, retaining the footage.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. system—analyzing

B. system, analyzing

C. system. Analyzing

D.system analyzing

Question 42

Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the “godfather of rap,” a title that has appeared in hundreds of
articles about him since the 1990s. Scott-Heron himself resisted the godfather feeling that it didn’t
encapsulate his devotion to the
broader African American blues music tradition as well as “bluesologist,” the moniker he preferred.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. nickname, however

B. nickname, however;

C. nickname, however,

D.nickname; however,

Question 43

During the English neoclassical period (1660–1789), many writers imitated the epic poetry and satires of
ancient Greece and Rome. They were not the first in England to adopt the literary modes of classical
some of the most
prominent figures of the earlier Renaissance period were also influenced by ancient Greek and Roman
literature.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. antiquity, however

B. antiquity, however,

C. antiquity, however;

D.antiquity; however,

Question 44

Latin America is known to have dozens, if not hundreds, of popular dance forms. Only five of these dances
are included in international ballroom dance rumba, samba, cha-cha-cha, paso doble, and jive—the last of
which is grouped with the other Latin dances despite not having Latin roots.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. competitions, however:

B. competitions, however,

C. competitions, however;

D.competitions; however,

Question 45

Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb gases needed for plant growth, open when guard
cells surrounding each pore swell with water. In a pivotal 2007 article, plant cell showed that
lipid molecules called
phosphatidylinositol phosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. biologist, Yuree Lee

B. biologist Yuree Lee,

C. biologist Yuree Lee

D.biologist, Yuree Lee,

Question 46

After immigrating from Mexico and obtaining U.S. citizenship, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo entered
politics, earning a reputation for being a fervent defender of Hispanic civil rights. In 1919 Larrazolo was
elected governor of in
1928 he became the nation’s first Hispanic U.S. Senator.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. New Mexico and

B. New Mexico,
C. New Mexico, and

D.New Mexic
Question 47

In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and
secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures’ Daughter of
Shanghai, a film that “expanded
the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen.”

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. critic, Stina Chyn, claims

B. critic, Stina Chyn, claims,

C. critic Stina Chyn claims

D.critic Stina Chyn, claims,

Question 48

In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek were featured in City
Dreams, a solo exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Kingelez;

B. Kingelez,

C. Kingelez

D.Kingelez

Question 49

The 1977 play And the Soul Shall Dance depicts two Japanese American farming families in Depression-
era Southern California. Critics have noted the way pioneering compares the experiences of issei
(Japanese nationals who emigrated to America) and nisei (their American-born children).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. playwright, Wakako Yamauchi,

B. playwright, Wakako Yamauchi

C. playwright Wakako Yamauchi,

D.playwright Wakako Yamauch

Question 50

With some 16,000 in attendance, the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and or FESTAC
‘77, as the event was more commonly known—became the largest pan-African event on record. FESTAC
drew people from around the world to Lagos, Nigeria, for a monthlong celebration of Black and African
art, scholarship, and activism.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Culture:

B. Culture—

C. Culture,

D.Culture

Question 51
A group of ecologists led by Axel Mithöfer at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany
examined the defensive responses of two varieties of the sweet potato TN57, which is known for its
insect resistance, and TN66, which is much more susceptible to pests.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. plant.

B. plant;

C. plant

D.plant:

Question 52

The relationship between genomes and epigenomes reveals how cells with identical DNA develop
different
whereas the genome in each cell contains a complete DNA sequence, the epigenome consists of
chemical compounds that determine which traits in the sequence will be expressed.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. functions

B. functions,

C. functions and,

D.functions:

Question 53

In modern plays, actors typically won’t acknowledge the do so breaks the fourth wall, a
metaphorical barrier between actors and audiences that allows viewers to suspend the knowledge
that they’re watching a staged
performance.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
 A. audience. As to

B. audience to

C. audience. To

D.audience, to

Question 54

Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in

the Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching
for in the
Northern
Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in the Southern Hemisphere, it
points up, toward the surface and away from worms’ food sources.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. food:

B. food,

C. food while

D.food

Question 55

Joshua Hinson, director of the language revitalization program of the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma, helped
produce the world’s first Indigenous-language instructional app, Chickasaw Chickasaw TV, in 2010; and a
Rosetta Stone language course in Chickasaw, in 2015.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Basic; in 2009, an online television network;

B. Basic; in 2009, an online television network,

C. Basic, in 2009; an online television network,

D.Basic, in 2009, an online television network,