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Work, Energy and Power

Work energy pastpaper edexcel

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views

Work, Energy and Power

Work energy pastpaper edexcel

Uploaded by

c2x8zb2d52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work, Energy and Power

Work, Energy and Power


Q1.

In the sport of curling, two teams of 'curlers' take turns sliding polished granite stones across
an ice surface towards a circular target marked on the ice.

A stone of mass 19.6 kg is accelerated uniformly for 1.25 s before being released by a
curler. The stone then decelerates uniformly to rest, travelling 32.5 m in a time of 17.5 s.

Calculate the average useful power developed by the curler in accelerating the stone.
(4)
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Average power = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q2.

Read the passage and answer the question below.

The Solar Impulse 2 is a solar-powered plane that completed a round the world trip in 2016
without using fossil fuels.

The wings are covered in thin solar panels, keeping the total mass of the plane and pilot at
1600 kg. The need to reduce the weight limits the efficiency of the solar panels to 23%.
However, in daylight, these panels generate enough energy to run the four 7.5 kW electric
motors that keep the plane airborne and to fully charge the batteries that power the plane
during the night. The batteries take about 6 hours to fully charge.

In daylight the plane flies at a height of 8500 m to harness the most sunlight, and at night
descends to 1500 m. This descent makes use of the gravitational potential energy gained
during the day to help the plane get through the night.
(Source: www.solarimpulse.com)

The plane flies at the greater height during the day. At night it glides down to the lower
height over a period of 4 hours, with the motors switched off.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy as the plane glides down.
(2)
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Change in gravitational potential energy = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q3.
A child in a bumper car travelling at velocity of 7.0ms−1 collides with a stationary bumper car
directly ahead of him. The diagram shows the bumper cars before the collision.

(a) (i) Assume that the bumper cars move off together after the collision.
Calculate the velocity of the bumper cars after the collision.
(3)
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Velocity = ...........................................................

(ii) After travelling 1.3m the cars come to rest.


Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force between the cars and the floor.
(3)
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Frictional force = ...........................................................

(b) State one assumption made in order to carry out the calculation in (a)(i).
(1)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)
Work, Energy and Power

Q4.

A website advertises an electric car with the following information.

The website provides the following additional information.

Maximum Engine Power 80 kW Maximum Performance 0 to 28 ms−1 in 11.5 s Mass of Car


1500 kg

Deduce whether the power of the engine is capable of producing this performance.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q5.

A rope is used to apply a force F to a box as shown. The box is pulled a distance d along a
horizontal surface.

Which of the following could be used to determine the work done on the box?

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q6.

A power station provides electrical power at a mean rate of 3500 MW.

Which of the following gives the best estimate of the energy provided to consumers over a
period of a year?

1 year = 3.2 × 107s

A 1 × 106 J

B 1 × 1011 J

C 1 × 1013 J

D 1 × 1017 J

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q7.

A website advertises an electric car with the following information.

Explain why the kilowatt-hour (kW h) is a unit of energy.


(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q8.

One region of Australia decided to trial the removal of the speed limit on some roads.

The following statements were made in an online forum discussing this issue.

Justify the statement in the reply.


(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q9.

A spring is hung vertically and masses are added to the lower end.
The graph shows how the extension Δx of the spring varies with the mass m added.

The work done in extending the spring can be expressed as


(1)

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Q10.

An object of mass m is moved from point A on the ground, to point B on a bench of height h
as shown in the diagram.

Which of the following is a correct expression for the work done on the object?
(1)

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q11.

An object of weight 7 N is raised from a height of 2 m to a height of 8 m.


The change in gravitational potential energy is

A 42 J
B 56 J
C 412 J
D 549 J
(Total for question = 1 marks)

Q12.

A trebuchet is a medieval catapult designed to project a rock over large distances.

A simplified diagram of a trebuchet is shown.

The rock is held in a sling. When the peg is removed the counterweight falls and the rock is
projected through the air.

A student assumes that all the gravitational potential energy transferred from the
counterweight is transferred to the kinetic energy of the rock.

Give two reasons why this is not correct.


(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q13.

Read the extract and answer the question that follows.

Gravitricity is developing a new technology to capture and store the excess power generated
by renewable energy resources. A large load is suspended by cables in a disused mineshaft.
During periods of low power demand, excess generated power is used to winch the load
upwards. During periods of high demand, the load is lowered down the shaft, causing
electricity to be generated. The system can produce electricity at low power for several
hours, or a short burst of electricity at high power.

(Source based on: https://gravitricity.com/)

One such system is planned to use a load of mass 2500 tonnes. The load will be at the top
of a shaft. The load will be lowered down the shaft at a steady speed. A useful power output
of 15 MW will be generated. The system will have an efficiency of 80%.

Calculate the speed of the load.

1 tonne = 1000 kg
(3)
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Speed = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q14.

Read the extract and answer the question that follows.

Gravitricity is developing a new technology to capture and store the excess power generated
by renewable energy resources. A large load is suspended by cables in a disused mineshaft.
During periods of low power demand, excess generated power is used to winch the load
upwards. During periods of high demand, the load is lowered down the shaft, causing
electricity to be generated. The system can produce electricity at low power for several
hours, or a short burst of electricity at high power.

(Source based on: https://gravitricity.com/)

One such system is planned to use a load of mass 2500 tonnes. The load will be at the top
of a shaft. The load will be lowered down the shaft at a steady speed. A useful power output
of 15MW will be generated. The system will have an efficiency of 80%.

The system can generate "a short burst of electricity at high power".

Explain why high power can be generated for only a short time.

(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q15.

Impact craters are formed when meteorites strike the surface of a planet. A student
investigated some factors that might influence the formation of impact craters. He did this by
dropping spheres of modelling clay into a tray of sand.

The diameter of the crater produced by each sphere was measured using vernier calipers as
shown.

This process was repeated for spheres of different diameters.

In one test, the spheres were dropped from the same height.

Determine the factor by which the kinetic energy of the sphere just before impact increases
when the sphere diameter is increased from 2.0 cm to 4.0 cm.
(3)
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Factor = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q16.

Two ice skaters are gliding across the horizontal ice surface at an ice rink.

When the male skater pushes the female skater forwards, the total kinetic energy of the
skaters increases.

Explain why kinetic energy is not conserved in this interaction.


(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q17.

A car of mass 1.5 × 103 kg is travelling at a speed of 25 m s–1. The driver applies the brakes
and the car comes to rest.

Which of the following gives the decrease in kinetic energy, in joules, as the car is brought to
rest?

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q18.

Seat belts are being tested by a car manufacturer. In the test, a car moving at a steady
speed of 28 m s–1 collides with a wall and stops.

A crash-test dummy in the driving seat is wearing a seat belt made from polyester webbing.
The seat belt has a cross-sectional area of 0.85 cm2 and a total length of 2.0 m. A student
suggests that in the collision the seat belt absorbs all the kinetic energy of the dummy.

Show that the energy per unit volume that would have to be absorbed by the seat belt is
about 2 × 108 J m–3.

mass of dummy = 75 kg

(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q19.

A trolley is attached to the ends of two springs as shown. When displaced from its
equilibrium position, the trolley moves with simple harmonic motion.

The student displaces the trolley a greater distance from the equilibrium position, so the
amplitude of oscillation is doubled. The trolley still moves with simple harmonic motion.

Explain how the maximum kinetic energy of the trolley will change.
Work, Energy and Power

(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q20.

A cyclist travels up a slope through a vertical height h in a time t. The mass of the cyclist and
his bike is m.

The average power of the cyclist is

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q21.

A lift moves upwards from the ground to the tenth floor of a building. The velocity-time graph
for the lift is shown.

The power developed by the lift when travelling upwards with different loads is shown in the
table.

(i) By considering the forces acting on the lift as it rises, discuss the difference in values
for the power developed by the lift.
(4)
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Work, Energy and Power

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(ii) Lifts use a significant proportion of all total energy consumption of a building.
When designing the lift systems, engineers compare the predicted daily energy
consumption of different lift motors by

• estimating the time for typical lift journey based on the number of floors in the building
and the speed of the lift
• estimating the number of lift journeys per day
using daily energy consumption = maximum power output of motor × number of
journeys × time per journey

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using this method to compare the
predicted energy consumption of different lift motors.
(4)
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Work, Energy and Power

Q22.

A projectile of mass 65 g is fired vertically upwards into a stationary wooden block of mass
2.400 kg, as shown.

The projectile becomes embedded in the block. They both move vertically upwards through
a vertical displacement of 55 cm before momentarily coming to rest.

Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this collision.


(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q23.

A motor is used to lift an object as shown. The object is raised through a vertical height of 75
cm at a constant speed of 0.40 m s−1.

Which of the following gives the rate of increase of potential energy of the object in watts?

A 0.25 × 9.81 × 0.40

B 0.25 × 0.75

C 0.25 × 9.81 × 0.75

D 0.5 × 0.25 × (0.40)2

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q24.

Impact craters are formed when meteorites strike the surface of a planet. A student
investigated some factors that might influence the formation of impact craters. He did this by
dropping spheres of modelling clay into a tray of sand.

The diameter of the crater produced by each sphere was measured using vernier calipers as
shown.

This process was repeated for spheres of different diameters.


Work, Energy and Power

* The student also dropped the spheres from different heights. His results are shown in the
table.

The student wrote the following conclusion:

Assess the validity of the student's conclusion.


(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Work, Energy and Power

Q25.

A website advertises an electric car with the following information.

State why the 'efficiency' given on the website cannot be a value of efficiency as defined in
physics.
(1)
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(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q26.

An object of mass m is moved from the bottom to the top of a slope. The vertical height of
the slope is y.

The horizontal distance between the bottom and top of the slope is x.

Which of the following gives the gain of gravitational potential energy of the object as it
moves from the bottom to the top of the slope?

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q27.

Two small identical solid metal spheres, A and B, are suspended by light inextensible
threads from a frame.

The photograph shows sphere A just before it was released.

Determine the momentum of sphere A just before the collision. You should take
measurements from the photograph.

height of frame = 11 cm
mass of sphere = 0.022 kg
(5)
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Momentum of sphere A = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q28.
A garden pond contains a water fountain. The fountain consists of a pump and nozzle and is
used to create a jet of water which falls back into the pond as shown. The top of the edge of
the pond is level with the nozzle.

The water is lifted through a height of 0.45 m before it leaves the nozzle at an angle of 25° to
the vertical.

The efficiency of the pump is 76 %.

Show that the water leaves the nozzle at a speed of about 8 m s−1.

mass of water leaving the pump each second = 3.5 kg s−1

power of pump = 160 W


(5)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Work, Energy and Power

Q29.

A sports class is studying cycling. They produce a video of a cyclist on a horizontal lawn.
The cyclist starts from rest.
They produce a sketch graph of the velocity v of the cyclist against time t.

A student makes the following statement.

Criticise this statement.


(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q30.
A car of mass 1.2 × 103 kg is travelling at a speed of 18 m s–1. The driver applies the brakes
and the car comes to rest.

What is the work done by the brakes in stopping the car?


A 11 kJ
B 22 kJ
C 190 kJ
D 390 kJ

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q31.

A rope is used to pull a box a distance d along a horizontal surface at a constant speed.

A force F is applied to the rope and the rope is at an angle θ to the horizontal.

Which of the following could be used to determine the work done on the box?

(Total for question = 1 mark)


Work, Energy and Power

Q32.

A projectile of mass 65 g is fired vertically upwards into a stationary wooden block of mass
2.400 kg, as shown.

The projectile becomes embedded in the block. They both move vertically upwards through
a vertical displacement of 55 cm before momentarily coming to rest.

Calculate the energy dissipated as the projectile hits the block.


(6)
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Energy dissipated = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q33.

The velocity v of a non-relativistic particle can be expressed in terms of combinations of the


following quantities: kinetic energy Ek, momentum p and mass m.

Which of the following expressions is correct?

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q34.

The photograph shows a toy that fires rubber bands.

A student investigates the properties of one of the rubber bands and obtains the following
graph.
Work, Energy and Power

(a) The student wants to determine the mass of one of the rubber bands. He places five
rubber bands on a balance and obtains a reading of 2 g. He divides the reading on
the balance by five to determine the mass of one rubber band.
Explain how he could improve his result.
(3)
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(b) The rubber band is stretched by 17.4 cm when it is placed on the toy.
Show that the work done on the rubber band is about 1 J.
(3)
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Work, Energy and Power

(c) Calculate the maximum possible value for the initial velocity of the rubber band as it is
fired from the toy.

Assume the mass of a rubber band is 0.4 g.


(2)
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Maximum initial velocity = ...........................................................

(d) The student thinks the calculated value of maximum velocity is too high because the
band does not travel as far as expected.
Explain how the student could determine the initial velocity with the use of a video
camera and why light gates would not be suitable.
(4)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Q35.

A trebuchet is a medieval catapult designed to project a rock over large distances.

A simplified diagram of a trebuchet is shown.

The rock is held in a sling. When the peg is removed the counterweight falls and the rock is
projected through the air.

The mass of the counterweight was reduced. The trebuchet was then used to project the
rock again.

Explain why the horizontal distance travelled by the rock decreases.


(5)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)


Work, Energy and Power

Mark Scheme - Work, Energy and Power


Q1.

Q2.

Q3.
Work, Energy and Power

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.
Work, Energy and Power

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.
Work, Energy and Power

Q12.

Q13.

Q14.
Work, Energy and Power

Q15.

Q16.

Q17.
Work, Energy and Power

Q18.

Q19.

Q20.
Work, Energy and Power

Q21.
Work, Energy and Power
Work, Energy and Power

Q22.

Q23.
Work, Energy and Power

Q24.
Work, Energy and Power

Q25.

Q26.

Q27.
Work, Energy and Power

Q28.

Q29.

Q30.
Work, Energy and Power

Q31.

Q32.

Q33.
Work, Energy and Power

Q34.

Q35.

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