CSCI218: Foundations

of Artificial Intelligence
 Some lecture slides are developed based on the materials from
ai.Berkey.edu and the textbook “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach” and other references
• Why do you take this subject?

• What is your experience on AI?

• What are you going to do with AI?

Introduction
 Today

§ What is artificial intelligence?

§ Where are we and how did we get here?

§ What do we do in UOW?
 Definition

§ Artificial
§ made by people, often as a copy of
something natural
§ Synthetic, man-made
§ Intelligence
§ the ability to learn, understand, and
make judgments or have opinions that
are based on reason
Movie AI
Movie AI
News AI
News AI
News AI
News AI
Applications of AI
A (Short) History of AI
 A short prehistory of AI
§ Prehistory:
§ Philosophy (reasoning, planning, learning, science, automation)
§ Mathematics (logic, probability, optimization)
§ Neuroscience (neurons, adaptation)
§ Economics (rationality, game theory)
§ Control theory (feedback)
§ Psychology (learning, cognitive models)
§ Linguistics (grammars, formal representation of meaning)
§ Near miss (1842):
§ Babbage design for universal machine (e.g., difference engine)
§ Lovelace: “a thinking machine” for “all subjects in the universe.”
 AI’s official birth: Dartmouth, 1956
“An attempt will be made to find how to make
machines use language, form abstractions and
concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for
humans, and improve themselves. We think that a
John McCarthy
significant advance can be made if we work on it
together for a summer.”

• Dartmouth
Workshop
Proposal
Claude Shannon
The Thinking Machine
 A (Short) History of AI
§ 1940-1950: Early days
§ 1943: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain
§ 1950: Turing's “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
§ 1950—70: Excitement: Look, Ma, no hands!
§ 1950s: Early AI programs: chess, checkers (RL), theorem proving
§ 1956: Dartmouth meeting: “Artificial Intelligence” adopted
§ 1965: Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning
§ 1970—90: Knowledge-based approaches
§ 1969—79: Early development of knowledge-based systems
§ 1980—88: Expert systems industry booms
§ 1988—93: Expert systems industry busts: “AI Winter”
§ 1990—2012: Statistical approaches + subfield expertise
§ Resurgence of probability, focus on uncertainty
§ General increase in technical depth
§ Agents and learning systems… “AI Spring”?

§ 2012— ___: Excitement: Look, Ma, no hands again?

§ Big data, big compute, deep learning
§ Large language model, foundation model, generative AI
§ AI used in many industries
 A (Short) History of AI

XOR Problem
 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
§ Make computers think in the full and literal sense
§ Realize computers that can perceive, reason, plan and act
rationally.

Problem Knowledge Reasoning

Representation Learning
Solving and Planning

Communication Perception Robotics Enormous

(Natural language) (Computer vision) (Act) applications
 What can AI do?

BBC News: Coronavirus: AI steps up in Murphy K. Published Online: M ay 08, 2020

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201874 SciTech Daily: New Artificial Intelligence
battle against Covid-19 Diagnostic can predict COVID-19 without
testing

The conversation: predict which COVID- HospiMedia: New technology allows

Towardsdatascience: Monitor social
19 patients are going to get the sickest identification through a mask
distancing in a public area
 What can AI do?

https://www.callcentrehelper.com/ways-to- https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/
improve-chatbots-boost-satisfaction-
https://techstartups.com/
unmanned/consumer-acceptance-of-self-
124375.htm driving-cars-soars-study-says/

https://futureofsourcing.com/the-silent-and-
https://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/De https://medium.com/point-nine- steady-takeover-of-artificial-intelligence-
signerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/17664/A-Healthy- news/what-does-alphago-vs- in-financial-institutions
Future-for-Artificial-Intelligence-in- 8dadec65aaf
Healthcare.aspx
What content can AI create?

Napoleon Bonaparte as a cat with a

piece of cheese in his hand instead
 What content can AI create?

An image generated by Stable Diffusion based An image generated with DALL-E 2 based on “Lisa,” India’s first regional AI news anchor
on the text prompt "a photograph of an the text prompt "Teddy bears working on new recently reported.
astronaut riding a horse" AI research underwater with 1990s technology"

Text, speech, articles, images, photos, videos, virtual characters are being generated by AI…
 What Can AI Do?
Quiz: Which of the following can be done at present?

§ Play a decent game of table tennis?

§ Play a decent game of Jeopardy?
§ Drive safely along a curving mountain road?
§ Drive safely along Crown Street in Wollongong?
§ Buy a week's worth of groceries on the web?
§ Buy a week's worth of groceries at IGA UOW?
§ Discover and prove a new mathematical theorem?
§ Converse successfully with another person for an hour?
§ Perform a surgical operation?
§ Translate spoken Chinese into spoken English in real time?
§ Fold the laundry and put away the dishes?
§ Write an intentionally funny story?
AI Ethics
AI Ethics
• Banking

• Medical diagnosis

• Self-driving cars

• Law enforcement or jurisdiction

• Recruitment and selection

• Military

• …
The dilemma of self-driving car

When it becomes possible to program decision-

making based on moral principles into • Q1: What are the potential ethical impact?
machines, will self-interest or the public good
predominate? • Q2: Who is to blame for the ethical issues?
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaf2654
• Q3: How to improve this situation?
 What do we teach for AI in UOW?

Machine Learning Computer Vision

Reasoning and
Algorithms and Algorithms and
Learning
Applications Systems

Perception and Computational Big Data Analytics

Planning Intelligence and Management

Virtual and
Augmented Reality Programming Skills Capstone Projects
Game Development
 What do we research for AI in UOW?

Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology Intelligent Agent: Adaptive Resource Virtual and Augmented Reality
Allocation Strategies for Emergency
Management

AI in Medical Imaging Analysis Computer Vision and Multimedia Analysis Machine Learning Research
 Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI)

• Mission
• Conduct pioneering research to understand AI technologies and develop innovative
theories and techniques for AI
• Transfer our knowledge to industry, community, and society to help people maximally
benefit from the deployment of AI.
• Vision
• To become an internationally renowned group that excels at AI-related research and
applications and engages with diverse stakeholders to address AI-related challenges
and issues.

• UN Sustainable Development Goals

• Good health and well-being; Affordable and clean energy
• Industry, innovation and infrastructure
 CAI research focus

Multimedia Natural
Computer Machine Signal Language
Vision Learning Analysis Processing

Multi- Probabilistic Big data

Distributed model
agent and
Computing checking applications
Systems
 CAI research focus (Computer Vision & Machine Learning)
• Image recognition, detection, and retrieval
• 3D Computer Vision
• Human action and gesture recognition
• Multimedia Signal Processing & Understanding
• Medical image processing and analysis
• Natural Language Processing

• Deep learning and the beyond

• Graph Neural Networks
• Few-shot machine learning
• Transfer learning and domain adaptation
• General machine learning theory
• And more…
 CAI research focus (Multi-agent Systems & Big Data Analytics)
• Distributed artificial intelligence
• Agent-based grid computing &
service-oriented computing
• Agent-based negotiation, coordination,
reasoning, and decision-marking
• Multi-agent learning in open and complex
environment
• Smart grid systems

• Pattern and knowledge mining for IoT Data

• Big-data platform for usage behavioral
analysis
• Knowledge discovery
• And more…
 CAI AI-day event

• Promote AI-related research and technologies

• Raise the awareness of the potential impact of AI

• Demonstrate research capacity and capability

• Establish and strengthen research collaboration

• Address pressing issues by AI together

 8 Job Skills To Succeed In A Post-Coronavirus World

§ Adaptability and Flexibility

§ Be better prepared to embrace accelerated changes

On The Post-COVID § Tech Savviness

§ Artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, VR and AR, etc.
Skills § Creativity & Innovation
§ Make new things in a new way to respond to changes
(Bernard Marr on Apr 26, 2020)
§ Data Literacy
§ The ability to understand data gives you big advantages
 8 Job Skills To Succeed In A Post-Coronavirus World

§ Critical Thinking
§ Understand data correctly to make wise decisions
§ Digital and Coding Skills
On The Post-COVID § Use your digital skills to keep the digital world running
§ Leadership
Skills § Achieve targets and goals in challenging working
(Bernard Marr on Apr 26, 2020) environments
§ Emotional Intelligence
§ Be aware, be calm, and connect with people emotionally
 8 Job Skills To Succeed In A Post-Coronavirus World

On The Post-COVID Commit to a Lifetime of Learning

Skills
(Bernard Marr on Apr 26, 2020) “Only those who have prepared will be able to see the
opportunities”
You and AI: Our Future
Thank you. Questions?