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Oral Communication Reviewer

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Reigne Cecille
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10 views

Oral Communication Reviewer

Uploaded by

Reigne Cecille
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORALCOM REVIEWER

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY


1. Nomination - a speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a
topic.
[] You use this strategy to open a topic and start a conversation. Nomination is usually
employed at the beginning of interaction to set the purpose of conversation.

2. Restriction - it refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.


[] It is a strategy used when responses need to be within the set categories or instructions.
These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

3. Turn-taking - it pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational
floor.
[] Turn-taking strategy allows all participants in the conversation a chance to speak. You can use
this strategy to avoid taking over the whole conversation.

4. Topic Control - it covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of
topic in conversations.
[] This is used when there is a need to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic
shifts in a certain conversation. Using this strategy makes the conversation to stay focused on
the topic throughout the discussion and keeps the development of the topic going by asking
questions.

5. Topic Shifting - it involves moving from one topic to another.


[] This strategy is used to change the topic to a new one which helps communication keep
going.

6. Repair - it refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they encounter in a conversation.

7. Termination - it refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end


a topic in a conversation.
[] This strategy is used to end an interaction or close a topic. Most of the time, the topic
initiator or the person who opened the topic takes responsibility to signal the end of the
discussion as well.

SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE


1. ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH - the primary purpose is to make the audience relax, smile, and
enjoy. It is usually brief and amusing.

Types of Entertainment Speech


> A speech of introduction - is designed to present a person or an award.
> A speech of acceptance - is made to express one's gratitude for receiving an award.
> Speeches of tribute - call for speeches to celebrate an individual's achievements.
> Eulogies - celebrate and commemorate the life of the deceased while consoling.

2. INFORMATIVE SPEECH - this is an expository speech that explains an idea, process, or theory.
It provides new information or insights: it can be an explanation of a concept, a description of a
person, place or event, or a demonstration of how something is done.
> examples: classroom lectures, reports, research presentation, cooking demonstrations, and
product reviews.

3. PERSUASIVE SPEECH - it aims to influence the audience's perception or behavior towards a


certain idea. The main goal of this discourse is to convince the audience to believe in
something.

Types of Claims in a Persuasive Speech


1. Claim of Fact
2. Claim of Value
3. Claim of Policy

TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY


1. Manuscript Speech - a speech where the speaker reads a written document word-for-word
to an audience
[] example: news anchor with a teleprompter

2. Memorized Speech - is the recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed
to memory.
[] example: actor’s dialogue

3. Extemporaneous Speech - is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech,


spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
[] example: a campaign speech

4. Impromptu Speech - is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation


and is for people knowledgeable about the subject.
[] example: classroom recitation

Speech Context
> refers to the number of communicators and the setting in which the communication process
happens
> it also refers to the purpose of the speech, why you are giving the speech or intended
message

TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT


Intrapersonal Communication (within)
> communication happens within a single person who acts both the sender and the receiver
types of intrapersonal communication:
1. Internal Discourse (negotiating with inner self)
2. Solo Vocal Communication (thinking out loud)
3. Solo Written Communication (diary, journal)

Interpersonal Communication (among)


> this type of communication establishes a personal or interpersonal relationship between the
sender/s and receiver/s.
> the purposes of this communication are to influence, help, and discover, as well as to share
and play together.

Interpersonal communication categorized by the number of participants. It can be:


1. Dyadic Communication (two people)
2. Small group Communication (max. 12)
3. Public Communication

Mass communication
> a “one to many” type of communication wherein speaker/speakers send their message
through a channel: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc. to a massive number of
people

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE


1. INTIMATE - it happens between or among family members because they are bound by close
affinity. Intimate communication may be private or confidential.

2. CASUAL - friends and acquaintances often use casual communication. They feel comfortable
and at ease with one another. They have no inhibitions to share their feelings because they
consider their friends next to their family.

3. CONSULTATIVE - it is giving pieces of advice as in a guidance counselor and a client who


needs it. (this can be between a doctor and his patient or parents who consult with a teacher
about their child’s academic performance)

4. FROZEN - those activities which are not changeable in nature (lupang hinirang, panata, etc.)

Speech Act - it is an utterance or statement that a speaker makes to achieve intended effect.

TYPES OF SPEECH ACT


LOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT - is the actual act of uttering or saying something. It has sense and
it has same meaning to both speaker and receiver.
> example: asking a question, making a declaration, giving warning or assurance, criticizing
someone, or describing something
ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT - is the social function of what is said. It can be stating an opinion,
conforming, or denying something; making a prediction, a promise, a request;
issuing an order or a decision; or giving advice or permission.

Different Types of Illocutionary Speech Act


1. ASSERTIVE - a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth
of a proposition.
> Some examples of an assertive act are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting and
concluding.

2. DIRECTIVE - a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee
perform an action.
> Some examples of a directive act are asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and
begging.

3. COMMISIVE - a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in
the future.
> Examples of a commissive act are promising, planning, vowing, and betting.

4. EXPRESSIVE – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or
emotional reactions.
> Some examples of an expressive act are thanking, apologizing, welcoming and deploring.

5. DECLARATION – a type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation.
> Some examples of declarations are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a sentence, and
excommunicating.

PRINCIPLES IN WRITING A SPEECH


1. AUDIENCE PROFILE
• Who is the audience?
• How many?
• What does the audience know about the subject?
• Why should they be interested?

2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION (arrangement of thoughts) - it can be defined as all aspects of your


writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one
paragraph to another.

The written speech has three parts:


1. introduction - it presents the main idea of your speech
2. body - it offers definitions, examples, or any information that can help you convey your
intent and clarify the main concept of your speech.
3. conclusion - it reiterates the main idea
3. DURATION - no matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts: an
introduction, the body (paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4) and a conclusion. This
format is adaptable to a speech of almost any length.
[] Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes. (Gray-Grant, 2017).

4. WORD CHOICE
the following words should be avoided in a written speech: jargons, rebudancy or excessive
repetition of words, language inappropriate for the audience and for the occasion

5. GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS - good command of the language helps listeners understand


you quickly.

PRINCIPLES IN SPEECH DELIVERY


1. Articulation
- speaking clearly and pronouncing words correctly so the audience can understand you.

2. Modulation
- using changes in your voice’s tone, pitch, and volume to keep the audience engaged and
emphasize key points.

3. Facial Expressions
- using your face to show emotions that match your words, making your speech more
relatable and impactful.

4. Movement
- using purposeful gestures and body language to emphasize ideas and avoid looking stiff or
nervous.

5. Stage Presence
- commanding attention through confidence, posture, and a strong connection with the
audience.

6. Rapport
- building a connection with your audience by being relatable, engaging, and showing
empathy or understanding.

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