100 Most Probable Questions

(Explanations)

1. Real Numbers Since 3 is irrational, and the right-hand side is

rational (because it's a fraction of integers), this leads to
1. (d) We are given: contradiction.
H.C.F (360, 64) = 8 The sum of a rational number and an irrational number
The formula to find L.C.M using H.C.F and product cannot be rational. Therefore, our assumption that 4 + 2 3
of the numbers is: is rational is false.
a×b
L.C.M. (a, b) = Hence 4 + 2 3 is irrational number. (1 M)
H.C.F(a, b)
Substituting the given values: 5. Assume 5 + 2 3 is rational. That means it can be
a = 360, b = 64 p
expressed as a fraction in the form , where p and q are
360 × 64 23040 q
L.C.M (360, 64) = = = 2880 (1 M) integers with no common factors other than 1 and q ≠ 0.
8 8
2. Let's find the prime factors of 120:
 (½ M)
120 = 2 × 60 = 2 × 2 × 30
So, we have:
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 15 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
p
So, the prime factorization of 120 is 23 × 3 × 5. (1 M) 5+2 3 =
q
3. To find the H.C.F of 540 and 630 using prime factorization: Rearranging this equation:
Prime factorization of 540 = 22 × 33 × 5 (½ M) p
2 3= −5  (½ M)
Prime factorization of 630 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 7 (½ M) q
The common prime factors are 2, 3 and 5. 2 3 = p − 5q (1 M)
H.C.F = 2 × 3 × 5 = 2 × 9 × 5 = 90
1 2 1
q
So, the H.C.F of 540 and 630 is 90. (1 M) p − 5q
3=
2q
4. Assume 4 + 2 3 is rational. That means it can be
p Since 3 is irrational, and the right-hand side is
expressed as a fraction in the form , where p and q are
q rational (because it's a fraction of integers), this leads to
intergers with no common factors other than 1 and q ≠ 0. contradiction.
The sum of a rational number and an irrational number
 (½ M)
p cannot be rational. Therefore, our assumption that 5 + 2 3
So, we have: 4 + 2 3 =
q is rational is false. (½ M)
Rearranging this equation: Hence 5 + 2 3 is irrational. (½ M)
p  (½ M) 6. Prime factorization of 44 : 44 = 2 × 11
2
2 3= −4
q
Prime factorization of 96 : 96 = 25 × 3
p − 4q
2 3= Prime factorization of 404 = 22 × 101 (1 M)
q
The H.C.F is the product of the lowest powers of the
p − 4q
3= (1 M) common prime factors, which is 22 = 4. (½
½ M)
2q 
 L.C.M = 25 × 31 × 111 × 1011 = 106656 (½ M) 7
12. Sum of roots α + β =  (½
½ M)
So, the H.C.F of 44, 96, and 404 is 4 and their L.C.M is 5
106656. (1 M) 1
Product of roots = αβ =  (½
½ M)
7. (a) Given that the H.C.F of 156 and 78 is 78, we can use 5
the formula: α β α 2 + β2 (α + β) 2 − 2αβ
+
= =  (11 M)
a×b β α αβ αβ
L.C.M (a, b) =
H.C.F(a, b) Now, substituting the known values:
Substituting the given values: 2
7 1
− 2⋅
a = 156 α 2 + β2  5  5
b = 78 =
αβ 1
H.C.F (156, 78) = 78 5
156 × 78 49 2 49 − 10 39
L.C.M (156, 78) = = 156 (1 M) −
78 25 =5 25= 25 39
= =
1 1 1 5
2. Polynomials 5 5 5
8. Here the graph of polynomial touches the x-axis 2 times. α β 39
So, + = . (11 M)
Number of zeroes of polynomial = 2 β α 5
9. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial kx2 + 3x + k is 13. (b) So, let’s substitute x = –4 into the polynomial:
2, then it means that when we substitute x = 2 into the
polynomial, the result is 0. (k – 1) (–4)2 + k(–4) + 1 = 0
So, let’s substitute x = 2 into the polynomial: (k – 1) (16) + (–4 k) + 1 = 0
⇒ k(2) + 3(2) + k = 0 ⇒ 4k + 6 + k = 0
2 16k – 16 – 4k + 1 = 0
6 12k – 15 = 0
⇒ 5k + 6 = 0 ⇒ k = − .
5 12k = 15
10. (a) Assertion (A): Polynomial x2 + 4x has two real zeroes. 15 5
k
= =
This assertion is correct. The polynomial x + 4x can
2 12 4
5
be factored as x(x + 4), and its zeroes are x = 0 and x = So, the value of k is  (1 M)
–4, both of which are real numbers. (½ M) 4
Reason (R): Zeroes of the polynomial x + ax are 0
2 14. In a quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, the sum of the roots
and a. b
(a + b) is given by − .
This reason is also correct. For the polynomial x2 + a
ax, if we set it equal to zero, we can factor out an x to In the given polynomial t2 –16, we have a = 1 and b = 0
get x(x + a), which means its zeroes are x = 0 and x =
b −0
–a. So, if a = 4, then the zeroes would indeed be x = So, the sum of the roots is − = = 0
0 and x = –4. a 1
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason Therefore, the sum of the zeroes is 0. (1 M)
(R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A). (½ M)
2k + 1
3. Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables
11. Sum of the roots (α + β) = −
3 15. 3x – y = – 18 (i)
−k − 5
Product of the roots (αβ) =
 (½ M) 6x – ky = – 16 ...(ii)
3
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = –3, c1 = 10
αβ 2k + 1 − k − 5

α+β = ⇒ − = (½ M) a2 = 2, b2 = –1, c2 = 9
2 3 6
⇒ –2(2k + 1) = –(k + 5) ⇒ –4k – 2 = –k – 5 a1 b1 c1
⇒ = =
⇒ –4k + k = – 5 + 2 ⇒ –3k = –3 ⇒ k = 1 (1 M) a2 b2 c2

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 3 −1 −8 , 19. 2x + 3y = 11           … (i)
⇒ = =
6 − k −16 2x – 4y = –24          … (ii)
1 1 1 From equation (i), we obtain
⇒ = =
2 k 2 11 − 3 y
x=             … (iii) (½ M)
So, k = 2 (1 M) 2
16. Let the larger number be y and the smaller number be x. Substituting this value in equation (ii), we obtain
According to question,  11 − 3 y 
2  – 4 y = –24  (½ M)
y – x = 26 ...(i)  2 
and y = 3x + 4 ...(ii) 11 – 3y – 4y = –24 ⇒ –7y = –35
Substituting the value of y from equation (ii) in equation y = 5             … (iv)  (1 M)
(i), we get (1 M)
Putting this value of y in equation (iii), we obtain
3x + 4 – x = 26
11 − 3 × 5 4
or 2x = 26 – 4 x= =− =−2  (½ M)
2 2
or 2x = 22
Hence, x = –2, y = 5
or x = 11
Also, y = mx + 3 ⇒ 5 = –2m + 3 ⇒ –2m = 2 ⇒ m = –1 (½
Putting this value of x in equation (1), we get M)
or y – 11 = 26 20. We have,
or y = 26 + 11 = 37 (1M) x + y = 14 … (i)
17. intersecting or coincident If a pair of linear equations x – y = 4 … (ii)
is consistent, then the lines represented by them are
intersecting or coincident. (1 M) ⇒ a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = –14, a2 = 1, b2 = –1 and c2 = –4

18. Let cost of one bat be Rs x a1 1 b 1 c −14 7

⇒ == 1, 1 = = −1, 1 = = (1 M)
Let cost of one ball be Rs y (½ M) a2 1 b2 −1 c2 −2 2

ATQ a1 b1
Thus, ≠
4x + 1y = 2050 ...(1) a2 b2
3x + 2y = 1600 ...(2) (½ M) Hence, the pair of linear equation is consistent and has
from (1) 4x + 1y = 2050 (2) unique solution. (1 M)
y = 2050 – 4x (½ M) 21. The given equations are:
Substiture value of y in (2) 3x + y – 11 = 0 and x – y – 1 = 0
[3x + 2(2050 – 4x) = 1600] For equation, 3x + y – 11 = 0 ⇒ y = – 3x + 11
3x + 4100 – 8x = 1600 The solution table is
–5x = –2500 x 2 3
x = 500 (½ M) y = –3x + 11 5 2  (1 M)

Substiture value of x in (1)

For equation, x – y – 1 = 0 ⇒ y = x – 1
4x + 1y = 2050
The solution table is:
4(500) + y = 2050
x –1 3
2000 + y = 2050  (1 M)
y=x–1 –2 2
y = 50 (1 M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 3

 Now, let us plot the graph: 23. D = b2 – 4ac
Y Where a = 4, b = –6, and c = 3.
Substitute these values into the formula:

12 D = (–6)2 – 4 · 4 · 3
T(0, 11) ⇒ D = 36 – 48
10
⇒ D = –12 (1 M)
0
8 =
1 24. ⸪ D = b2 – 4ac Here a = 5, b = −12 3 , c = 7
y–
6 x–
( )
2
A(2, 5) D = −12 3 − 4 × 7 × 5 = 432 – 140 = 292 (1 M)
4
25. To find both roots of the quadratic equation
V(0, 2) 2 B(3, 2) 3x 2 − 4 3x + 4 =
0, we'll use the quadratic formula:
X' X
–8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 −b ± b 2 − 4ac
C(–1, –2) U(0, –1)
x=  (1/2 M)
3x +

–2 2a
Where a = 3, b = −4 3, and c = 4.
–4
y–1

Substitute these values into the quadratic formula:

1=

Y'
0

−(−4 3 ± (−4 3) 2 − 4·3·4)

 (2 M) x=
2·3

As it can be seen that the two lines intersect at point
B(3, 2). Therefore, x = 3 and y = 2. 4 3 ± 48 − 48 
x= (1/2 M)
The area bounded by the lines represented by the given 6
This simplifies to:
equations and y-axis is shaded, as shown in graph.
Area of the shaded region is, 4 3 2 3
x1 =
=
1 6 3
⇒ Area of DBUT = × base × height
2 4 3 2 3

x2 =
=  (1/2 M)
1 1 6 3
= × (TU × VB) = × 12 × 3 = 18 sq. units.
2 2 So, both roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 – 4 3x + 4 = 0
Therefore, required area = 18 sq. units. (1 M) 2 3
are x = . This confirms that the quadratic equation
3
4. Quadratic Equations
has repeated roots. (1/2 M)
22. Given the quadratic equation: 26. For the quadratic equation x2 – 2px + 1 = 0 to have no real
1 roots, its discriminant (D) must be negative:
9 x 2 + bx + =0
4 D = b2 – 4ac < 0

To have equal roots, the discriminant (D) should be equal
Given a = 1, b = –2p, and c = 1, let's compute the
to zero.
discriminant:
D = q2 – 4pr
D = (–2p)2 – 4(1)(1)

1
Where, p = 9, q = b and r = D = 4p2 – 4 < 0
(1 M)
4
Substituting these values into the formula: ⇒ p2 – 1 < 0 ⇒ (p – 1) (p + 1) < 0

1 When p < –1 : Both p – 1 and p + 1 are negative, so their
= b 2 − 4·9·
D
4 product is positive.
D = b2 – 9 ⇒ b2 – 9 = 0 ⇒ b2 = 9 When –1 < p < 1 : p – 1 is negative, p + 1 is positive, so
⇒ b – 9 = 0 ⇒ b =± 9 ⇒ b = ±3
2
(1 M) their product is negative.

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 When p > 1 : Both p – 1 and p + 1 are positive, so their ⇒ b – 7 = 23 – b ⇒ 2b = 30 ⇒ b = 15 (1 M)
product is positive. Also, 7 – a = b – 7 ⇒ a + b = 14
So, the solution to p lies in the interval – 1 < p < 1.

⇒ a = 14 – b = 14 – 15 = – 1
Therefore, the value of p for which the quadratic equation
Hence, a = –1, b = 15 (1 M)
x2 – 2px + 1 = 0 has no real roots is p ∈ (–1, 1). (1 M)
27. D = b – 4ac
2 31. n term = an = 7 – 4n
th

In this equation, a = p, b = 2, and c = p. First term = a1 = 7 – 4(1) = 7 – 4 = 3 (1 M)

Second term a2 = 7 –4(2) = –1
If the roots are real and equal, then D = 0, so:
∴ Common difference = Second term – First term
⇒ b2 – 4ac = 0 (1 M)
= (–1) – 3 = –4 (1 M)
Substituting a = p, b = 2, and c = p:
32. Given Sn = 3n + 5n ⇒ tk = 164
2
(1 M)
⇒ (2)2 – 4(p) (p) = 0
We have, S1 = 3(1) + 5(1) = 8
2
⇒ 4 – 4p2 = 0 (½
½ M)
and S2 = 3(2)2 + 5(2) = 22 (1 M)
⇒ p2 = 1 ⇒ p = ± 1
Now, S2 – S1 = 22 – 8 = 14
So, the values of p for which the quadratic equation
So, t1 = a = 8 and t2 = 14 (1 M)
px2 + 2x + p = 0 has real and equal roots are p = 1 and
p = – 1. (½
½ M) ⇒ d = t2 – t1 = 14 – 8 = 6
28. Given xy = 14   ...(i) Also, tn = a + (n – 1)d
The number is (10x + y) ⇒ tn = 8 + 6(n – 1) = 2 + 6n (1 M)
Given that when 45 is added to the number the digits gets Also, tk = 164
interchanged. ⇒ 2 + 6k = 164 ⇒ 6k = 162 ⇒ k = 27 (1 M)
Hence 10x + y + 45 = 10y + x (1 M) 33. Given that 24, 21, 18, .... is an AP.
9x – 9y + 45 = 0 Let n terms should be taken to make the sum 78 then (1
x – y + 5 = 0   ...(ii) (½ M) M)
From (i) and (ii), we get 24 + 21 + 18 + ...to n terms = 78
x – (14/x) + 5 = 0 Here a = 24, d = –3, Sn = 78, n = ?
x2 + 5x – 14 = 0 (½ M) n
S=
n {2a + (n − 1d }  (1 M)
x + 7x – 2x – 14 = 0
2 2
n
x(x + 7) – 2(x + 7) = 0 ⇒ 78 = {2 × 24 + (n – 1) (–3)}
2
(x + 7) (x – 2) = 0 ⇒ 156 = n (48 – 3n + 3) ⇒ 156 = n (51 – 3n)
(1 M)
x = – 7 or x = 2 (1 M) ⇒ 3n – 51n + 156 = 0 ⇒ 3(n – 17n + 52) = 0
2 2

Since the digits cannot be negative, x = 2 ⇒ (n – 13) (n – 4) = 0

xy = 14 \ n = 4, 13
(1 M)
Therefore, y = 7 34. 101, 103, 105 … 299

The number is 10x + y = 27 (1 M) First term = 101

Last term = 299
5. Arithmetic Progressions Common difference = 2 (1 M)
29. Given, d = –6 299 = 101 + (n –1) 2
a20 – a14 = a + 19d – (a + 13d) = a + 19d – a – 13d = 6d 198
= (n − 1)
= 6x – 6 = –36 (1 M) 2
n = 100 (1 M)
30.  Given terms are in AP. 100
∴ 7 – a = b – 7 = 23 – b

S=
2
[ 2 ×101 + (100 − 1)2]

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 5

 50[202 + 99 × 2] 50 × 400 Proof: in ∆ABD
=
= = 10, 000  (1 M)
2 2 EG || AB (EF || AB)
100 AE BG
=S [2 × 101× (100 − 1) × 2] = (by BPT) … (i) (½ M)
2 ED GD
S = 50 [202 + 99 × 2] In ∆DBC

S = 50 [202 + 198]
GF || CD (EF || CD)
S = 50 × 400 = 20,000 (1 M)
BE BF
= (by BPT) … (ii) (½ M)
6. Triangles FD FC
from (i) and (ii)

AB BC CA
35. Given, = = AE BF
QR PR PQ =  (½ M)
ED FC
Thus, DPQR ~ DCAB (SSS rule) (1 M)
38. Given AD = 6cm, DB = 9cm
36. ABCD is a parallelogram.
AE = 8cm EC = 12cm, ∠ADE = 48
AB = DC = a
Q To find:- ∠ABC = ?
D C
A
O
Proof: D 48 E
A P B
B C
Point P divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3
3 In ∆ABC

2
AP = a, BP = a  (½ M)
5 5 AD AE
Consider, =  (1 M)
point Q divides DC in the ratio 4:1. DB EC
6 8
4 1 =
DQ = a, CQ = a  (½ M) 9 12
5 5
ΔAPO ~ ΔCQO [AA similarity] 2 2
=  (1 M)
3 3
AP PO AO
= =  (½ M)
CQ QO CO AD AE
=
2 DB EC

a
AO 5 2 1
= = ⇒ OC = OA  (½ M) DEIIBC (Converse of BPT)
CO 1 a 1 2
5 ∠ADE = ∠ABC (Corresponding angles) ∠ABC = 48°

37. Given, AB || CD || EF  (1 M)

AB BF 39. (i) In DAGF, and DDBG, we have

To prove: =
ED FC ∠GAF = ∠BDG [Each equal to 90°]

Constant: Join BD which (½ M) and, ∠AGF = ∠DBG [Corresponding angles]

D C ∴∆AGF ~ ∆DBG  [By AA-criterion of similarity]
(1 M)
E G F
(ii) In ∆AGF and ∆EFC, we have

B ∠FAG = ∠CEF [Each equal to 90°] (1 M)

A
and, ∠AFG = ∠ECF
intersect EF at G.
∴∆DBG ~ ∆EFG [By AA-criterion of similatity](1 M)

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40. Given ∆ABC = DE || BC To prove: PQR is an isosceles ∆|e
AD AE PS PT
To prove = Proof: =
DB EC PQ TR
Construction: join BE and CD (½ M) ∠PST = ∠PQR (Corresponding angles)
Draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ CD P
1
Proof: or ∆ABC = ×b×h
2
A S T

N M Q R

But ∠PST = ∠PRQ
D E
∠PQR = ∠PRQ
PR = PQ (sides opposite to equal angles are equal)
–∆PQR is isosceles ∆|e (1 M)
B C A
41.
1
\ = × AD × EN  …(i)
2
1 D E
Or DABC = × DB × EN … (ii)
2 B C
Divide eqn (i) by (ii)
Given: In ΔABC, DE || BC.
1
× AD × EN AB AD
Or ∆ABC 2 AD =
= = … (A) (1 M) To prove:
Or ∆BDE 1 × DB × EN DB PQ PM
2 Construction:
1 (i) Join BE and CD.
Or ∆ABC = × AE × DM … (iii)
2
(ii) Draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ AB.
1
Or ∆DEC = × EC DM … (iv) A
2 B
N
Divide eqn (iii) by (iv)
1 D E
× AE × DM
Or ∆ADE 2 AE
= = (A) (1 M)
Or ∆DEC 1
× EC × DM EC B C (1 M)
2 Proof:
∆BDE and ∆DEC are on the same as DE and between
name parallel lines BC and DE – or (BDE) = or (DEC) 1
area (∆ADE) = × base × height
2
hence
1
ar ∆ADE ar ∆ADE = × AD × EN
= 2
ar ∆BDE ar ∆DEC and
AD AE 1
= (from (A) and (B)) (1 M) area (∆BDE) = × BD × EN  (1 M)
DB EC 2
Given Therefore,
PS PT 1
= × AD × EN
PQ TR area ∆ADE 2 AD
= = … (i)
area ∆BDE 1 × BD × EN BD
∠PST = ∠PRQ  (½ M) 2

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 7

 Similarly, (iii) Since the coordinates of the midpoint of diagonal AC
1 are the same as the coordinates of the midpoint of
× AE × DM diagonal BD
area ∆ADE 2 AE
= =  … (ii) (1 M)
area ∆DEC 1 × EC × DM EC  3  a 1 b   9 
2 Therefore,  ,    ,2
 2 2  2 
But area (ΔBDE) area (ΔDEC)     … (iii)
3 a 9 1 b
Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels ⇒  and 2
2 2 2
are equal in area.
⇒ 3 + a = 9 and 1 + b = 4 ⇒ a = 9 – 3 and b = 4 – 1
Therefore, from (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
⇒ a = 6 and b = 3
AD AE
= Hence, the value of a is 6 and the value of b is 3.
DB EC  (1 M)  (1 M)
Hence proved. 47. (i) Using distance formula, we have

7. Coordinate Geometry AB = (6 − 3) 2 + (4 − 1) 2 = (3) 2 + (3) 2

42. The distance of any point from x-axis is the y-coordinate. = 9+9 = 18 = 3 2 units
Therefore, the distance of the point (–1, 7) from x-axis
BC = (8 − 6) 2 + (6 − 4) 2 = (2) 2 + (2) 2
is 7. (1 M)  (1 M)
43. The given parts are A(–3, b) and B(1, b + 4) = 4+4 = 8 = 2 2 units

b+b+4 AC = (8 − 3) 2 + (6 − 1) 2 = (5) 2 + (5) 2

y=
2 = 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2 units
2b + 4
1=  AB + BC = 3 2 + 2 2 = 5 2 = AC
2
1=b+2
∴ A, B and C are collinear.
b = –1 (1 M)
Thus, Ashima, Bharti and Camella are seated in a line
44. Distance = (3 + 3) 2 + (−2 − 2) 2  (1 M)
(ii) Let AB : BC = k : 1
= 36 + 16 = 52 units (1 M)
45. Let A(4, 0) B(0, 0) and C(0, 3) be the vertices of the Using section formula, we get
triangle. Using distance formula we have 8k + 3
6=
k +1
AB= 42 + O = 4
3

BC = O + 32 = 3 k= or Ratio = 3 : 2 (1 M)
2
 24 
CA = 42 + 32 = 5 So, the point  , y  divides the line segment joining
 11 
Clearly adding AB + BC + CA = perimeter of ∆
the points P(2, –2) and Q(3, 7) in the ratio 2 : 9.
⇒ Perimeter of ∆ABC = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 units (1 M) 14
46. (i) Given points for A & B are A(3, 1) and C(a, b). 2
7k  2 9 4
y= ⇒y= 2 ⇒y=–  (1 M)
\ The coordinates of the mid point of diagonal AC k 1 1 11
 3  a 1 b  9
are  ,  (½ M)
 2 2  48. Let A(8, 0) and B(–6, 12) be the given points.
(ii) Given points for B and D are B(5, 1) and D(4, 3).

Let the points of trisection be P and Q such that
\ The coordinates of the mid point of diagonal BD AP = PQ = QB. (1 M)
 5  4 1 3   9 
are  ,    ,2  (½ M)
 2 2  2  A (8,0) P Q B (–6,12)

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 For point P: 1
52. Given, tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A – B) =
m1: m2 = AP: PB = 1 : 2,(x1, y1) = (8,0) and 3
(x2, y2) = (–6,12). (½ M) Therefore, A + B = 60° and A – B = 30° (½ M)
m1 x2 + m2 x1 (1)( −6 ) + ( 2 )(8) −6 + 16 10 Adding the two equations, we get 2A = 90°
=∴x = = =
m1 + m2 1+ 2 3 3 90°
⇒ A= = 45°  (½ M)
2
m1 y2 + m2 y1 (1)(12 ) + 2 ( 0 ) 12 + 0
=∴y = = = 4 (1 M) 53. sin2 60° + 2 tan 45° – cos2 30°.
m1 + m2 1+ 2 3
2 2
 10   3  3
∴ Point P =  , 4   (½ M) =   + 2(1) −    (1 M)
 3   2   2 
For point Q: 3 3
= + 2 − = 2 (1 M)
m1: m2 = AQ : QB = 2 : 1, (x1,y1) = (8,0) and 4 4
(x2, x2) = (–6,12). (½ M)  cos 2 A   sin 2 A 
54. L.H.S = 1 + 2  1 + 2  (1 M)
m1 x2 + m2 x1 ( 2 )( −6 ) + (1)(8) −12 + 8 −4  sin A   cos A 
=∴x = = =
m1 + m2 2 +1 3 3  sin 2 A + cos 2 A   cos 2 A + sin 2 A 
=    
 sin 2 A  cos 2 A 
m1 y2 + m2 y1 ( 2 )(12 ) + (1=
)( 0 ) 24 + 0
= 8 (½ M)
=∴y =
m1 + m2 1+ 2 3 1 1
= ×  (1 M)
sin A cos 2 A
2
 −4 
∴ Point Q =  ,8   (1 M) 1 1
 3  = = = R.H.S (1 M)
sin A(1 − sin 2 A)
2
sin 2 A − sin 4 A
8. Introduction to Trigonometry Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S proved.

1 55. tan (A + B) = 3
49. We know that sin 30° = , tan 60° = 3 and cos 45° = ⇒ (A + B) = 60° … (i) (½ M)
2
1
1
2 tan (A – B) =
3
∴ 2 sin2 30° + 3 tan2 60° – cos2 45°
⇒ tan (A – B) = tan30°
2 2
1  1 
( 3) ⇒ (A – B) = 30° ... (ii) (½ M)
2
=2   + 3 − 
2  2 Adding (i) and (ii); we get,
1 1 1 1 A + B + A – B = 60° + 30°
= 2 × + 3× 3 − = + 9 − = 9
4 2 2 2  (1 M) ⇒ 2A = 90°
⇒ A = 45°
50. (c) 8 cot2 A – 8 cosec2 A = 8 [cot2 A – cosec2 A]
Putting the value of A in equation (i),
= 8 [– {cosec2 A – cot2A}] = 8 [–1] = – 8 (1 M)
45° + B = 60°
51. Given that 5 tan θ = 3
⇒ B = 60° – 45°
3 sin θ 3 ⇒ B = 15°
⇒ tan θ = ⇒ =  (½ M)
5 cos θ 5
Thus, A = 45° and B = 15° (1 M)
Let sinθ = 3k and cosθ = 5k, where k is any integer.
56. L.H.S

Consider the given expression: cosec θ cosec θ
= +
5sin θ − 3cos θ 0 cosec θ − 0 cosec θ + 1
=
4sin θ + 3cos θ 27 k
cosec θ ( cosec θ + 1) + cosec θ ( cosec θ − 1)
= 0 (½ M) =
cosec 2 θ − 1

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 9

 In DABQ:
cosec 2 + cosec θ + cosec 2 θ − cosec θ  (1 M)
=
cosec 2 θ − 1 AB 1 h y
tan30 = ⇒ =⇒ h = ...(ii) (1 M)
AP + PQ 3 y 3
2 cosec 2 θ
= ( cosec2 θ – 1 = cot2θ)
cot 2 θ From equation (i) and (ii)
2 2
2 sin θ  1 cos θ  y
= 2
×
2 
sin θ cos θ 
 cosec
= 2
θ 2
sin θ
and cot
= 2
θ 
sin 2 θ 
h (h)
= ( x 3)× 3
⇒ h2 = xy

2 Hence proved (1 M)
=  (1 M)
cos 2 θ 60. Let the height of the tower be h m.
 2 1 
= 2 sec θ  sec θ = 2  = R.H.S
2
1 3
 cos θ  Given, tanα = and tanβ =
3 4
Hence proved.
(1 M)
A

9. Some Applications of Trigonometry

57. Given,
h
Length of string (AB) of kite= 50 m
Angle of elevation = 60°
A a b
D 100 m C x B
50
m Now, In DABD, ∠D = a, ∠B = 90°
AB 1 h
tanα = ⇒ = ⇒ 100 + x = 3h
B 60º DB 3 100 + x
C
Consider DABC, as shown in the figure: ⇒ x = 3h – 100 ...(i) (1 M)
In DABC, ∠C = b, ∠B = 90°
AB 3 AB
sin 60° = ⇒ =
AC 2 50 AB 3 h 4h
tanβ = ⇒ = ⇒x= ...(ii) (1 M)
BC 4 x 3
50 3
⇒ = AB ⇒ AB = 25 3 m
2 From equations (i) and (ii), we have
Hence, the height of the kite is 25 3 m . (1 M)
4h 4h
58. Let AB be the tower. 3h − 100 = ⇒ 3h − =100
3 3
A 5h
⇒ =100 ⇒ h = 60 m
3
Hence, the height of the tower is 60m. (1 M)
h 61. As, QD = PQ – PD = 6 m – 2.54 m = 3.46 m
In right angled ΔDQC,
30º
C QD
B 60 m = sin 60° (1 M)
In DABC, (1 M) CD
h 1 h 3.46 3  3
tan30 = ⇒ =⇒ h =20 3 m  (1 M)
60 3 60
⇒
CD
=
2
  sin 60° = 2 
 
59. In DABP:
AB h ⇒CD = 4 m
tan60 = ⇒ 3 =⇒ h =x 3 ...(i) (1 M)
AP x Therefore, the length of the ladder is 4 m. (1 M)

10 P
W MATHEMATICS (BASIC)
62. \ BE = AC = 7m (1 M)
A From right DBED, we have
(1 M)
DE h−7
=tan60 =3 ⇒ =3
BE 7
∴ h= 7 3 + 7= 7 ( )
3 + 1= 7 (1.732 + 1)

⇒ h = (7 × 2.732) = 19.12 m (1 M)
64. A C 
30º 60º
D C x B
20

Let ‘h’ (AB) be the height of tower and x be the width of 60º 30º
the river B D
O
h
In ∆ABC ,= tan60 80 m (1 M)
x
Let AB and CD be the equal poles and BD be the width of
⇒ h =3 x ...(i) (½ M) the road.
h
We have,
In ∆ABD, tan30
=
x + 20

∠AOB = 60º and ∠COD = 30º
x + 20
⇒h= ...(ii) (½ M)
3 In DAOB,
Equating (i) and (ii), we get AB AB AB

tan60 = ⇒ 3 = ⇒ BO =  (½ M)
x + 20 BO BO 3
3x = ⇒ 3x = x + 20 ⇒ 2x = 20 ⇒ x = 10 m(1 M)
3 Now, in DCOD,
10 3 m 
Put x = 10 in (i), h = 3 x ⇒ h = (1 M) CD 1 CD
tan30 =
⇒ = ⇒ DO =3CD  (½ M)
DO 3 DO
63. D (1 M)
As, BD = 80

BO + DO = 80
(h – 7) m

AB

⇒ 80 
+ 3CD = (½ M)
3
60°
B E AB
45°
⇒ 80 (Given: AB = CD)
+ 3 AB =
3
7m 7m  1  80 3

⇒ AB  + 3 =
80 ⇒ AB =
 3  4
45°
A C
20 3m 
⇒ AB = (½ M)
Let AB be the building and CD be the cable tower.
AB 20 3
Draw BE ⊥ CD . Let CD = h metres. Also, BO
= = = 20 m  (½ M)
3 3
Then, CE = AB = 7m and DE = (h – 7)m. (1 M)
So, DO = 80 – 20 = 60 m
From right DCAB, we have
Hence, the height of each pole is 20 3m and point P is at
AC AC
= cot45 ⇒ = 1 ⇒ AC = 7 a distance of 20 m from left pole and 60 m from the right
AB 7m
pole. (½ M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 11


SA = AP, PB = BQ, QC = CR, DR = DS (½ M)
10. Circles
For our convenience, let us represent SA and AP by a, PB
65. Radius from the centre makes an angle of 90° at the point and BQ by b, QC and CR by c and DR and DS by d.
where the tangent meets the circle.
It is given in the problem that, AB = 6 Observing the figure,
∠OPQ = (90 – 50)° = 40° ∠OPQ = ∠OQP = 40° we can rewrite the above equation as follows:
 (Triangle OPQ is isosceles) AP + PB = 6
By Angle sum property of triangle we get,
⇒a + b = 6
∠POQ = (180 – 80)° = 100° (1 M)
⇒b = 6 – a (½ M)
66. For a given tangent, we can draw only one parallel tangent.
 (1 M) BC = 9 (Given)
Since, BQ + QC = BC
P
Therefore,
⇒ BQ + QC = 9

O ⇒b + c = 9
Q
⇒6 – a + c = 9
⇒c = a + 3 (½ M)
Also, CD = 8 (Given)

⇒ CR + RD = 8
67. Since, AB is diameter therefore ∠D = 90° (½
½ M) ⇒c + d = 8
⇒ ∠ABD = 35° (½
½ M) ⇒a + 3 + d = 8
Also, AB ⊥ BC ⇒ ∠DBC = 90° – 35° = 55° (1 M) ⇒a + d = 5
68. As per our representations, we can write the above equation
as follows:
O
3 cm 5 cm SA + DS = 5
A B Observing the figure, we can write the following,
C
 (½
½ M) SA + DS = AD
In DOCB Comparing with the above equation we found that the
length of side AD is 5 cm. (½ M)
BC = 52 − 32 = 4 cm  (1 M)
70. D R C 
AB = 2 × BC = 8 cm (½
½ M)
69. The figure given in the question is below.
C
c
R S
d c Q
D Q
d b
S
B A P B (½ M)
a b
P AP = AS
a
A
BP = BQ
Tangents from external point
From the property of tangents we know that, the length of
CQ = CR
two tangents drawn from the same extemal point will be
equal. Therefore we have the following: DR = DS (1 M)

12 P
W MATHEMATICS (BASIC)
 AB + DC = AP + PB + DR + RC
π× 52 × 60° 25π 2
76. Area of sector OABC = = cm  (1 M)
= AS + BQ + DS + CQ = AD + BC (1 M) 360° 6
Since, ABCD is a llgm, AB = DC, AD = BC
π× 22 × 60° 4π 2
Area of sector OED = = cm  (1 M)
2AB = 2AD ⇒ AB = AD ⇒ ABCD is a rhombus
(½ M) 360° 6
71. Here, QC = QA and RC = RB (½ M) 25π 4π 21 22
Area of shaded region= − = × = 11cm 2 
6 6 6 7
Therefore PA + PB = PQ + QA + PR + RB  (1 M)
= PQ + QC + PR + RC (½ M) 77. l

⇒ 2PA = PQ + QR + PR = 20 cm (PA = PB) (½ M)

⇒ PA = 10 cm (½ M)

11. Areas Related to Circles 6.5 6.5

q
α
72. (d)=
A × πR 2
360° The given sector of a circle has radius (r) = 6.5 cm
Where: Its perimeter is given to be 31 cm.
• a is the angle of the sector in degrees ⇒ 2r + l = 31 ⇒ 2(6.5) + l = 31 ⇒ l = 18 (1 M)
• R is the radius of the circle (1 M) Now the area of the sector is given by
73. P = s + 2r 1 1 13
× r × l = × × 18 = 58.5cm 2  (1 M)
Given P = 68 cm and r = 14 cm, we can find s: 2 2 2
22 90 77 2 
⇒ 68 = s + 2(14) 78. Area of sector AOB = ×7×7× = cm (1½ M)
7 360 2
⇒ 68 = s + 28 1 49 2 
Area of DAOB = ×7×7 = cm (1 M)
⇒ s = 68 – 28 2 2
⇒ s = 40 cm (1/2 M) 77 49 28
∴ Shaded area = − = = 14cm 2  (1 M)
20 2 2 2
Angle of sector = × 360°
π 22 90
Length of arc AB = 2 × ×7× = 11 cm (1½ M)
angle of sector 7200 1 7 360
=A ×π r2 ⇒ A = × × π (14) 2
360° π 360
12. Surface Areas and Volumes
7200 1 7200
⇒ A= × × 196π ⇒
= A × 14
π 360 360 79. If two cubes of edges 6 cm are joined face to face it will
⇒ A = 20 × 14 ⇒ A = 280 cm  2
(1/2 M) take the shape of a cuboid whose length, breadth and
height are (6 + 6) cm, 6 cm and 6 cm
22 θ
74. Area of shaded region = × (7 2 − (3.5) 2 ) =
9.625cm 2 i.e. 12 cm, 6 cm and 6 cm respectively.
7 360°
 (1 M)
Thus, total surface area of the cuboid = 2(lb + bh + lh)
75. r = 7 cm, q = 90°
= 2 (12 × 6 + 6 × 6 + 12 × 6)
2
πr θ 22 90
Area of sector = = ×7×7×  (1 M) = 2 (72 + 36 + 72) = 2 × 180 cm2 = 360 cm2 (1 M)
360 7 360
77 2 80. As, cylinder is covered by two hemispherical shaped lid of
= cm or 38.5 cm2 (½ M) equal shape.
2
22 Therefore,
Area of circle = pr2 = × 7 × 7 = 154 cm2 (1 M)
7
Area of major sector = 154 – 38.5 = 115.5 cm2 (½ M) Total curved surface area of new object

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 13

 = C.S.A of cylinder + 2 × (C.S.A of hemisphere) 84.
= 2πrh + 2(2πr ) 2

= 2πrh + 4πr2 (1 M)
81. The dimensions of the cuboid so formed are:
2.4 cm

8 cm
m
8c
Given:
8 cm 8 cm 8 cm Height (h) of the conical part = Height (h) of the
cylindrical part = 2.4 cm Diameter of the cylindrical part
Length, l = 24 cm = 1.4 cm
Breadth, b = 8 cm Diameter
Radius =
2
Height, h = 8 cm
Radius (r) of the cylindrical part = 0.7 cm (1 M)
Since, surface area of cuboid = 2(lb + bh + lh) (1 M)
Slant height (l) of conical part = r 2 + h 2
= 2(24 × 8 + 8 × 8 + 24 × 8) = 2(192 + 64 + 192)
= 2 × 448 = 896 sq cm. (1 M) = 0.7 2 + 2.42 = 0.49 + 5.76 = 6.25 = 2.5  (1 M)

82. The diameter of the hemisphere = the side of the cube = 7 Total surface area of the remaining solid = CSA of
cm cylindrical part + CSA of conical part + Area of cylindrical
base
Total Surface Area of the solid = Total Surface Area of = 2prh + prl + pr2
cube - Area of base of hemisphere + Curved Surface Area 22 22 22
of hemisphere =2 × × 0.7 × 2.4 + × 0.7 × 2.5 + × 0.7 × 0.7 (1 M)
7 7 7
⇒ TSA of solid = 6 × 72 + p × (3.5)2 + 2 × p × (3.5)2 (1 M) = 4.4 × 2.4 + 2.2 × 2. + 2.2 × 0.7
= 10.56 + 5.50 + 1.54 = 17.60 cm2
⇒ TSA = 6 × 72 + p × (3.5)2
The total surface area of the remaining solid to the nearest
⇒ TSA = 332.465 cm2 (1 M) cm2 is 18 cm2 (1 M)
83. Radius of cylinder = 18 cm, height = 32 cm 85.
Height of cone = 24 cm
Volume of cylinder = pr2h = p × 182 × 32
9.5 cm
Volume of cone = Volume of cylinder R
1 2  (1 M)
Volume of cone = πr × 24  (11 M)
3
Hence, radius of cone can be calculated as follows:
Radius = 3.5 cm
2 3 × π × 182 × 32 \ Height of the cone
= r =
π × 24
h = 9.5 – 3.5 = 6 cm (1 M)
Or r2 = 182 × 22
\ Volume of cone + Volume of Hemisphere
Or, r = 36 cm
1 2
Now, slant height of conical heap can be calculated as = πR 2 h + πR 3  (1 M)
3 3
follows: 1 2
= π× (3.5) 2 × 6 + π× (3.5)3
l = h 2 + r 2= 242 + 362 3 3
1 22
= 576 + 1296 = 1872 = 12 13 cm  (11 M) = × × (3.5) 2 (13) =166.83cm3  (1 M)
3 7

14 P
W MATHEMATICS (BASIC)
 13. Statistics Mean X =
∑ f=
i xi 230
= 23  (1 M)
∑ fi 10
86. First, let's compute the frequencies for each class interval:
Therefore, mean for the following distribution is 23.
Class interval 140-145: 11 – 4 = 7
 (1 M)
Class interval 145-150: 29 – 11 = 18
Class interval 150-155: 40 – 29 = 11 90.
Class interval 155-160: 46 – 40 = 6 Expenditure (in `) Number of employees
Class interval 160-165: 51 – 46 = 5 200–400 21
From these calculations, we can see that the class interval 400–600 25
145-150 has the highest frequency (18). 19
600–800
The upper limit of the modal class, therefore, is the upper 23
boundary of this class interval, which is 150 cm. 800–1000

So, the upper limit of the modal class is 150 cm. (1 M) 1000–1200 12
87. (b) The empirical relationship between mean, median and From the given data, we have
mode is
l =400, f1 = 25, f0 = 21, f2 = 19, h = 200 (1 M)
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
f1 – f 0
⇒ 2 Mean = 3 Median – Mode Mode = l + ×h  (1 M)
2 f1 – f 0 – f 2
⇒ 2 Mean = 3 × 26 – 29
25 – 21
49 = 400 +  
480 
 × 200 =
⇒ Mean = = 24.5 (1 M)  2 × 25 – 21 –19 
2
88.
Mode of the given data is 480.
(1 M)
Length Number C.I Mid x d fd
[in mm] of leaves 91.
(f ) Marks obtained Number of Cumulative
118–126 3 117.5 – 126.5 122 –27 –81 students frequency
127–135 5 126.5 – 135.5 131 –18 –90 20 – 30 p p
136–144 9 135.5 – 144.5 140 –9 –81 30 – 40 15 p + 15
145–153 12 144.5 – 153.5 a = 149 0 0
40 – 50 25 p + 40
154–162 5 153.5 – 162.5 158 9 45
163–171 4 162.5 – 171.5 167 18 72 50 – 60 20 p + 60
172–180 2 171.5 – 180.5 176 27 54 60 – 70 q p + q + 60
 (2 M) 70 – 80 8 p + q + 68
Here a = 149 80 – 90 10 p + q + 78
∑ fd −8 90
Mean = a + = 149 +  (½ M)
∑f 40
 (1 M)
= 149 – 2.025 = 146.975
Here, p + q + 78 = 90 (½ M)
Average length of the leaves = 146.975 (½ M) p + q = 12
89. N 
Class fi xi fi xi  2 − Cf 
Median = l +  × h  (½ M)
interval  f 
5-15 2 10 20  
15-25 4 20 80 45  ( p  40)
25-35 3 30 90 50 = 50 + . 10  (½ M)
20
35-45 1 40 40
45  ( p  40)
Total 10 230 ⇒ . 10 = 0 (½ M)
20
(1 M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 15

 ⇒ 45 − (p + 40) = 0 ⇒ p = 5 (½ M) 94. Two coin tossed
⇒ 5 + q = 12 ⇒ q = 7 (½ M) Total sample space = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
f1 − f 0 25 − 15
Mode = l + . h = 40 + .10 Sample space for getting atmost one head = {TT, TH, HT}
2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 2(25) − 15 − 20
3
100 P(S) = . (1 M)
= 40 + = 40 + 6.67 = 46.67 (1 M) 4
15
95. Favourable number of outcomes i.e., numbers of jack
92. We may prepare the table as given below: cards = 4

Class Frequency (f) Class mark (xi) fixi Total number of outcomes = 52

0-20 17 10 170 4 1
Thus, probability = =  (1 M)
52 13
20-40 f1 30 30f1
96. The probability of an impossible event is 0. (1 M)
40-60 32 50 1600
97. The sample space of two tossed coins is:
60-80 f2 70 70f2
S: {H, H), (H, T), (T, H), (T, T)}
80-100 19 90 1710
Probability = (No. of favourable outcomes)/(Total no. of
∑fi = 68 + f1 + f2 ∑fi xi =3480 + 30f1 + 70f2 outcomes)
 (1 M)
Here, from the sample space,
∑ fi xi 3480 + 30 f1 + 70 f 2 1
∴ Mean,
= x =  (1 M) P(getting 2 heads when a coin is tossed twice) =  (1 M)
∑ fi 68 + f1 + f 2 4
98. (c) Given, total number of sold tickets = 6000
Given, mean = 50
3480 + 30 f1 + 70 f 2 Let she bought x tickets.
∴ 50 =  (1 M)
68 + f1 + f 2 Then, probability of her winning the
⇒ 3400 + 50f1 + 50f2 = 3480 + 30f1 + 70f2 x
first prize
= = 0.08 ....[Given]
6000
⇒ 20f1 – 20f2 = 80
⇒ f1 – f2 = 4...(i) x = 0.08 × 6000
And ∑f1 = 68 + f1 + f2
\ x = 480
∴ 120 = 68 + f1 + f2 Hence, she bought 480 tickets. (1 M)
⇒ f1 + f2 = 52  .....(ii) (1 M) 99. We know that
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2f1 = 56
November has 30 days, which means 4 weeks and 2 days.
⇒ f1 = 28
Now, 4 weeks will contain 4 Sunday.
By substituting f1 in eq. (i), we get
f2 = 24 The remaining 2 days may be:

Hence, the missing frequencies f1 and f2 are 28 and 24 1. Sunday and Monday
respectively. (1 M) 2. Monday and Tuesday
3. Tuesday and Wednesday
14. Probability 4. Wednesday and Thursday
93. We have, 5. Thursday and Friday
Even number less than 4 = {2} 6. Friday and Saturday
1
Probability of getting an even number less than 4 = 7. Saturday and Sunday
6
 (1 M) Total number of possible outcomes =7 (1 M)

16 P
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 Now, favourable outcomes are: Sunday and Monday, Total number of outcomes = 98 + 14 = 112 (1 M)
Saturday and Sunday Number of favourable outcomes = 2
Probability of getting a good bulbs
Required probability (P) = Number of favourable
outcomes/Total number of possible outcomes Number of favourable outcomes 98 7
= = =  (2 M)
2 Total no. of Outcomes 112 8
P=  (1 M)
7 3
Hence, the probability that Shweta will get a prize is
100. Number of defective bulbs = 14 10

Number of good bulbs = 98 (1 M)  (1 M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 17