Scribd
Upload
8 views

Lines and Angles

Uploaded by

nakshatrajoshi40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Lines and Angles

Uploaded by

nakshatrajoshi40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Lines and Angles

Motivational Quote:

"Mathematics is not about numbers, equations, computations, or algorithms: it is about understanding."

1. Definitions

Point: A location in space with no dimensions (length, width, or height).

Line: A straight one-dimensional figure extending infinitely in both directions.

Line Segment: A part of a line with two endpoints.

Ray: A part of a line that starts at a point and extends infinitely in one direction.

Plane: A flat, two-dimensional surface extending infinitely.

Angle: Formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint (vertex).

2. Types of Angles

1. Acute Angle: Less than 90°.

2. Right Angle: Exactly 90°.

3. Obtuse Angle: Greater than 90° but less than 180°.

4. Straight Angle: Exactly 180°.

5. Reflex Angle: Greater than 180° but less than 360°.

6. Complementary Angles: Two angles whose sum is 90°.

7. Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose sum is 180°.

3. Pairs of Angles

1. Linear Pair: Adjacent angles that form a straight line. Sum = 180°.

2. Vertically Opposite Angles: When two lines intersect, opposite angles are equal.
4. Intersecting and Non-Intersecting Lines

Intersecting Lines: Lines that meet at a point.

Non-Intersecting Lines: Lines that never meet (parallel lines).

5. Euclid's Geometry (In Depth)

Euclid is regarded as the "Father of Geometry" for his systematic and logical approach.

Euclid's Definitions:

1. Point: That which has no part.

2. Line: Breadthless length.

3. Plane: A flat surface with infinite length and breadth.

Euclid's Postulates:

1. A straight line can be drawn between any two points.

2. A line segment can be extended indefinitely.

3. A circle can be drawn with any center and radius.

4. All right angles are equal.

5. If a line intersects two lines such that the interior angles on one side sum to less than 180°, the lines mee

Importance of the Parallel Postulate:

The fifth postulate forms the basis for understanding parallel lines and is the foundation for modern geomet

6. Axioms (Expanded)

Axioms are universal truths that do not require proof.

1. Things equal to the same thing are equal to one another.

Example: If A = B and B = C, then A = C.

2. The whole is greater than the part.


Example: A circle is larger than any of its segments.

3. If equals are added to equals, the results are equal.

Example: 3 + 5 = 8; 4 + 4 = 8.

4. If equals are subtracted from equals, the results are equal.

5. Things that coincide with one another are equal.

7. Theorems (Expanded)

1. Vertically Opposite Angles Are Equal

Explanation: When two lines intersect, the opposite angles are equal.

Proof:

Let the intersecting lines form angles A, B, C, and D.

A + B = 180° (linear pair).

C + B = 180° (linear pair).

Hence, A = C, and B = D.

2. Sum of Angles on a Straight Line is 180°

Proof: Adjacent angles forming a straight line always sum to 180°.

3. If a Transversal Intersects Two Parallel Lines:

Corresponding Angles: Equal.

Alternate Interior Angles: Equal.

Co-Interior Angles: Sum = 180°.

8. Solved Examples

1. If two angles form a linear pair and one angle is 60°, find the other angle.

Solution: 180° - 60° = 120°.

2. If two angles are complementary and one is 35°, find the other.
Solution: 90° - 35° = 55°.

9. Practice Problems

1. Find the value of x if two angles on a straight line are (3x + 10)° and (2x - 20)°.

2. Prove that the sum of angles in a triangle is 180°.

3. Find all angles if a transversal intersects two parallel lines and one angle is 70°.

You might also like